• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.124-128
• /
• 2002

Hantaan (HTN) and Puumala (PUU) viruses are major etiological agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), an important public health problem in Korea after the Korean War. The objective of present study was to determine allergenic potency of an inactivated combination vaccine against HTN and PUU viruses inflection. As a series of allergenicity assessment, a homologous active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) and homologous/heterologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) tests using the mice and guinea pigs were carried out. In the ASA test, no anaphylactic symptoms were observed in the guinea pigs sensitized with the vaccine alone as well as the vaccine emulsified with an adjuvant. By homologous PCA test, the vatscine did not induced the potential IgE antibody production in the sera obtained from the sensitized guinea pigs. In addition, IgE against the vaccine was not significantly enhanced from the mice inoculated with the vaccine, which was judged by the heterologous PCA test in rats. On the other hand, the inoculation of ovalbumin appeared to allergenic reactions both in the ASA and PCA tests. The results suggest that a combination vaccine against HW and PUU viruses have no allergenic potential in mice or guinea pigs.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.54 no.5
• /
• pp.652-659
• /
• 2021

Microorganism-derived compounds, such as peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, and β-glucan were supplemented in the scuticociliate Miamiensis avidus (M. avidus) vaccine to verify the specify component contribution to the adjuvant effect. Vaccine was formulated with the inactivated M. avidus antigen (YS2, 4.44×10⁵ cells/fish) in combination with either peptidoglycan (10 ㎍ and 100 ㎍/fish), lipoteichoic acid (5 ㎍ and 50 ㎍/fish), or β-glucan (10 ㎍ and 100 ㎍/fish). Olive flounder injected with peptidoglycan supplemented vaccine (10 ㎍ and 100 ㎍/fish) exhibited significant protection, and the relative percent survival (RPS) was 55% and 65% at 4 weeks post vaccination (wpv), respectively, at the corresponding doses. The vaccine groups with added lipoteichoic acid (5 ㎍ and 50 ㎍/fish) exhibited RPS of 40% and 5%, respectively. Additionally, the group with added β-glucan (100 ㎍/fish) exhibited RPS of 35%, but no effect was observed in the group with added 10 ㎍/fish β-glucan. At 8 wpv, olive flounder injected with peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid supplemented vaccines exhibited protection with RPS range of 11/11% and 5/21%, respectively, at the respective doses. M. avidus vaccine containing 10 ㎍ and 100 ㎍/fish of β-glucan exhibited the RPS of 32% and 37%, respectively. Conclusively, peptidoglycan contributed in high protection of the M. avidus vaccine, and thus, it can be used as an effective adjuvant in the M. avidus vaccine.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.396-402
• /
• 2012

Vaccination is the main strategy for preventing influenza infection. However, vaccine efficacy is influenced by several factors, including age and health status. The efficacy of the influenza vaccine is much lower (17% to 53%) in individuals over 65 yr of age compared with young adults (70% to 90%). Therefore, increasing vaccine efficacy remains a challenge for the influenza vaccine field. In this study, we investigated the impact of supplementing vaccination with the dietary intake of Korean red ginseng (RG) extract and RG saponin. Mice were immunized two times intranasally with inactivated influenza A (H1N1) virus. Mice received RG extract or RG saponin orally for 14 d prior to the primary immunization. After the primary immunization, mice continued to receive RG extract or RG saponin until the secondary immunization. Mice vaccinated in combination with dietary intake of RG extract and RG saponin showed elevated serum anti-influenza A virus IgG titers and improved survival rates in lethal influenza A virus infection: 56% and 63% of mice receiving RG extract or RG saponin survived, respectively, while 38% of mice that only received the vaccine survived. Moreover, mice receiving RG extract supplementation recovered their body weight more quickly than those not receiving RG extract supplementation. We propose that the dietary intake of RG extract and RG saponin enhances the vaccine-induced immune response and aids in providing protection against influenza virus infection.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.64 no.12
• /
• pp.602-607
• /
• 2021

In April 2020, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety licensed a hexavalent combined diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis (DTaP), inactivated poliovirus (IPV), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugated to tetanus protein, and hepatitis B (HepB) (recombinant DNA) vaccine, DTaP-IPV-Hib-HepB (Hexaxim, Sanofi Pasteur), for use as a 3-dose primary series in infants aged 2, 4, and 6 months. The DTaP-IPV-Hib-HepB vaccine is highly immunogenic and safe and provides a long-term immune response based on studies performed in a variety of settings in many countries, including Korea. This report summarizes the Committee on Infectious Diseases of the Korean Pediatric Society guidelines for the use of this newly introduced hexavalent combination vaccine.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.163-171
• /
• 1996

The recombinant pseudorabies virus major capsid protein (rMCP) was produced by expression of the MCP gene in Sf-9 cell using baculovirus transfer vector system. Following evaluation of the immunochemical properties of the rMCP, the immunogenicity of the recombinant subunit protiens were investigated in guinea pig and swine to obtain the preliminary guide line for the subunit vaccine using rMCP and gP50. It was proved that ultrasonication and 30% ammonium sulfate was most efficient to concentrate and purify the protein. The rMCP was safe in mice, guinea pigs and piglets. In guinea pigs, rMCP mixed with various adjuvants induced substantial degree of serum neutralizing antibody titers, but revealed incomplete protectivity against challenge. In swine, the combination of rMCP and gP50 showed the higher serum neutralizing antibody titers and cellular immune responses than rMCP alone. However, the protectivity was lower in comparison with the commercial gI-deleted inactivated vaccine. We expect these results to contribute to characterization of MCP gene of Korean isolate of PRV and to ultilize as preliminary information for prodution and evaluation of PRV recombinant subunit vaccines.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2024

Streptococcosis, caused by Streptococcus iniae and Streptococcus parauberis is an important bacterial disease that affects in olive flounder in Korea. In Korea, multivalent bacterial vaccines are used to prevent streptococcal diseases in aquaculture. In this study, commercial vaccines containing formalin-inactivated bacterial cells of S. iniae and S. parauberis were administered at six fish farms and one unvaccinated fish farm were designated for investigation (Wando; 4 sites and Jeju; 3 sites). Blood was collected from vaccinated and unvaccinated olive flounders, and titers of antibodies against S. iniae and S. parauberis in serum were analyzed using ELISA. After a one shot vaccination in the farms at Jeju (farm A) and Wando (farm D), the proportion of individuals with specific antibodies against S. parauberis OD values of 0.4 or higher was 60% and 53.5%, respectively. But after booster vaccination, the proportion of individuals with serum OD values of 0.4 or higher was higher substantially increased to 96.6% (farm A) and 100% (farm D). The levels of S. parauberis specific antibodies of olive flounder were increased after vaccination in three fish farms (farm D, E, and F), but not S. iniae specific antibodies.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.54 no.4
• /
• pp.369-376
• /
• 2021

In Korea, fish is a major food source, and sustainable production of fish is critical for the aquaculture industry. Recently, infectious diseases have become an unavoidable problem in aquaculture and have caused serious economic losses. Therefore, there is an urgent need to overcome this challenge to increase productivity in aquaculture. Vaccination is the most effective and long-term measure for improving the management of a fish farm. Sales of fish vaccines in Korea have been steadily increasing, with a confirmed increase from 600 million won in 2007 to 3.4 billion won in 2018. As of 2021, 30 licensed fish vaccines, including both single and combination vaccines containing more than two inactivated pathogens, have been approved in Korea for 10 fish pathogens. Twenty-eight of these are used in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus; however, only two vaccines are used in starry flounder Platichthys stellatus, red seabream Ragrus major and rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus. Therefore, vaccine development is required not only for the olive flounder but also for other cultured fish species. The development of effective vaccines and vaccination programs for fish is a continuous requirement for a sustainable aquaculture industry.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.163-173
• /
• 2006

Purpose : To reduce the number of injections necessary to vaccinate young infants, various combined vaccines have been developed. The $Comvax^{TM}$ manufactured by Merck & Co. is a combination of Hepatitis B and PRP-OMP conjugate Haemophilus influenzae Type b vaccine. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of $Comvax^{TM}$ in Korean infants. Methods : The infants who were vaccinated at 0 months of age with Hepatitis B vaccine, were recruited for this study after parental informed consent was obtained. The subjects were vaccinated with $Comvax^{TM}$ at 2 and 4 months of age. At each visit, infants were also immunized with DTaP, inactivated poliovirus vaccine, and pneumococcal vaccine when indicated. The serum anti-PRP and anti-HBs were measured at 2 months after the 1st dose(4 months age), and the 2nd dose(6 months age) by the ELISA and chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay method, respectively. The local and systemic adverse reactions of vaccination were monitored for 3 consecutive days after each immunization. Results : Among sixty-five healthy infants(35 male infants) enrolled in this study; fifty eight(32 male infants) completed the scheduled immunizations. The geometric mean titers (GMTs) of anti-PRP at 2 months after the 1st dose and the 2nd dose were 1.96 ${\mu}g/mL$ (95% CI; 1.38~2.78) and 10.02 ${\mu}g/mL$ (95% CI; 7.04~14.26), respectively. Anti-PRP ${\geq}1.0$ ${\mu}g/mL$, was obtained in 63.2%(95% CI; 53.75~72.65) after 1 dose, and 96.6%(95% CI; 93.05~100) after 2 doses. The GMTs of anti-HBs were 38.32 mIU/mL(95% CI; 22.42~65.51), and 101.17 mIU/mL(95% CI; 65.94~155.25) at 2 month after the 1st dose and 2nd dose of $Comvax^{TM}$, respectively. Anti-HBs ${\geq}10$ mIU/mL was observed in 73.7%(95% CI; 65.07~82.33) after 1 dose and 94.8%(95% CI; 90.45~99.15) after 2 doses. Most of the adverse reactions after vaccination were mild. Irritability, the most common systemic reaction, was observed in 24.8%, followed by drowsiness(19.2%), poor feeding(19.2%) and fever(7.2%). Among the local reactions tenderness was observed in 25.6%, redness(${\geq}5$ mm) in 19.2% and swelling(${\geq}5$ mm) in 4.8%. Conclusion : The $Comvax^{TM}$ vaccine was highly immunogenic for PRP and safe in Korean infants. Although the hepatitis B vaccine component was administered at 0, 2, 4 months, this study showed good immunogenicity against HBsAg.