• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.244-252
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• 2014

Purpose: The development of an efficient in vitro cell culture device to process various cells would represent a major milestone in biological science and engineering. However, the current conventional macro-scale in vitro cell culture platforms are limited in their capacity for detailed analysis and determination of cellular behavior in complex environments. This paper describes a microfluidic-based culture device that allows accurate control of parameters of physical cues such as pressure. Methods: A microfluidic device, as a model microbioreactor, was designed and fabricated to culture Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under various conditions of physical pressure stimulus. This device was compatible with live-cell imaging and allowed quantitative analysis of physical cue-induced behavior in yeast and microalgae. Results: A simple microfluidic-based in vitro cell culture device containing a cell culture channel and an air channel was developed to investigate physical pressure stress-induced behavior in yeasts and microalgae. The shapes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii could be controlled under compressive stress. The lipid production by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was significantly enhanced by compressive stress in the microfluidic device when compared to cells cultured without compressive stress. Conclusions: This microfluidic-based in vitro cell culture device can be used as a tool for quantitative analysis of cellular behavior under complex physical and chemical conditions.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.239-245
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• 2013

In in vitro study, the anti-platelet aggregation effect of Shiitake mushroom extract was examined by measuring the collagen induced platelet aggregation and the DPPH radical scavenging. In in vitro study, anti-thrombotic effect of Shiitake mushroom extract was examined using the carotid artery thrombosis rat model. Carotid artery thrombosis rat model was made by 35% $FeCl_3$ treatment. After that, we investigate thrombus weight and blood flow. In platelet aggregation test, the extract significantly inhibited platelet aggregation in a concentration dependent manner(p<.001). Also, extract increased DPPH radical scavenging activity in a concentration dependent manner. Extract significantly inhibited thrombus weight to compare with control group. And blood passage time were shorter in the Shiitake mushroom extract supplemented groups than in control group. These results provide experimental evidence that Shiitake mushroom can be used to prevent platelet aggregation and thrombosis, then could apply the clinical diseases such as cardiovascular disease, and so on.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2020

[Purpose] This study evaluated the anti-atopic dermatitis (AD) properties of Cordyceps militaris (CM) aqueous extract in keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo. We investigated the nutraceutical composition of the CM extract, including its protein, carbohydrate, and selected phytochemical content. [Methods] The expression of pathogenic cytokines in keratinocytes was assayed using an in vitro model. The CM extract downregulated extracellular signalregulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 kinase expression in TNFα/IFNγ-stimulated HaCaT cells. We also established an in vivo AD model by repeatedly exposing the ears of mice to local Dermatophagoides farinae extract (DFE; house dust mite extract) and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). The epidermal and dermal ear thickness, mast cell infiltration, and serum immunoglobulin levels were measured following a 4-week oral administration of the CM extract. [Results] Histopathological examination showed reduced epidermal/dermal thickness and mast cell infiltration in mouse ears. The CM extract also suppressed serum immunoglobulin levels and gene expression of T helper (Th)1/Th2 cytokines in mouse ear tissue. [Conclusion] These results suggest that the CM extract may be useful for the treatment of AD-like skin lesions.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.369-377
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 레이저 다이오드의 자기혼합 효과를 이용한 레이저 도플러 혈류계를 위한 신호처리 알고리즘들에 대한 in vitro적인 실험결과를 비교하였다. 단순하고 유연성있는 레이저 도플러 시스템을 구성함으로써 디지털 신호해석 방법에 의하여 여러 가지 신호처리 알고리즘들을 비교할 수 있도록 하였다. 이 시스템은 다양한 알고리즘을 퍼스널 컴퓨터를 사용하여 소프트웨어로 제어하므로써 다양한 알고리즘을 선택하여 비교 연구할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한, 유체 흐름의 재현성과 조직의 혈류 흐름을 모의하기 위하여 두 개의 실험적인 혈류모델을 제작하여 적용하였다. 광원은 파장 780nm의 레이저 다이오드를 사용하였으며, 3 종류의 입자 농도와 속도를 갖는 액체를 두 개의 실험모델에 흘리면서 측정된 결과들을 비교하였다. 그 결과 주파수로 가중되지 않은 알고리즘(0차 모멘트)이 속도와 농도변화를 잘 나타내는 반면에 주파수로 가중된 알고리즘들(1차와 2차 모멘트, 0차 모멘트와의 비)은 농도보다는 속도 변화를 잘 나타내었다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 CPP와 CSO를 사용하여 제조한 나노 복합체의 유식품 적용성 및 포집된 생리활성물질인 비타민 D의 in vitro release를 평가하였다. 그 결과, CPP/CSO 나노 복합체는 model milk 및 model yogurt 적용 후 12일간의 저장기간 동안 높은 물리적 안정성을 지녀 식품 적용성이 뛰어남을 규명하였다. 또한 제조 공정 요인인 CPP 농도와 pH 조절을 통해 비타민 D를 90% 이상 포집할 수 있었으며, in vitro release 평가를 통해 비타민 D를 위에서 보호하고, 장에서 release 하는 나노 복합체의 특성을 규명하였다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 제조된 CPP/CSO 나노 복합체는 뛰어난 유식품 적용성을 지닐 뿐만 아니라, 칼슘흡수 증진을 위한 비타민 D를 효과적으로 포집할 수 있으며, 포집된 비타민 D를 소장까지 안전하게 전달할 수 있는 효과적인 나노 전달체로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제27권2E호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2008

In recent years, quantitative ultrasound (QUS) technologies have played a growing role in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Most of the commercial bone somometers measure speed of sound (SOS) and/or broadband ultrasonic attenuation (EUA) at peripheral skeletal sites. However, the QUS parameters are purely empirical measures that have not yet been firmly linked to physical parameters such as bone strength or porosity. In the present study, the theoretical models for wave propagation in cancellous bone, such as the Biot model, the stratified model, and the modified Biot-Attenborough (MBA) model, were applied to predict the dependence of phase velocity on porosity in cancellous bone. The optimum values for the input parameters of the three models in cancellous bone were determined by comparing the predictions with the previously published measurements in human cancellous bone in vitro. This modeling effort is relevant to the use of QUS in the diagnosis of osteoporosis because SOS is negatively correlated to the fracture risk of bone, and also advances our understanding of the relationship between phase velocity and porosity in cancellous bone.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.347-356
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• 2006

It is reported that a fermented soybean food, Doenjang, has srong antimutagenic and cytotoxic effect on cancer cells. This study investigated the effect of Chungkookjang, another traditional popular Korean soybean fermented food, on growth of cancer cells: HL-60, SNU-638 and MCF-7, and also its in vivo antitumorigenic effect in DMBA-induced mammary tumor rat model. For the in vitro study, Chungkookjang and steamed soybeans were extracted with ethanol and sequentially fractioned with 5 kinds of solvents differing in grades of polarity such as hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, butanol and water. Almost all Chungkookjang extracts significantly inhibited the growth of HL-60 (human leukemic cancer cell), SNU-638 (human gastric cancer cell) and MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell) when compared to steamed soybean extracts. Butanol fraction of Chungkookjang extract especially showed a remarkable inhibitory effect in all the three kinds of cancer cells. To induce a mammary gland tumor, DMBA (50 mg/BW) was administered to 50 day-old female rats and followed by Chungkookjang or steamed soybean supplemented diets. Freezedried Chungkookjang powder (20% of diet in wet weight) was added to AIN-93G based diet for the Chungkookjang group of rats. Likewise, steamed soybean powder containing equal protein content to that of Chungkookjang powder was supplemented to soybean group of rats. At 13 weeks later, the mammary tumor incidence, average tumor number and tumor weight a rat were lower in Chungkookjang group compared to the control or soybean group. In conclusion, Chungkookjang showed a strong inhibitory effect on cancer cell growth in vitro, as well as a more preventive effect against chemically induced mammary tumorigenesis in vivo, while steamed soybeans did not. Therefore, these results suggest that Chungkookjang acquire its anticancer activity through the fermentation process.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권19호
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• pp.8251-8257
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• 2014

Apoptosis is one of main types of neural cell death and is reversible and is a major target of therapeutic interventions. However, detailed apoptotic cascades still need to be recognized. In present study, we determined the promotion of HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and survivin in brain samples of a mouse model of hypoxic-ischemia and in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells post hypoxia treatment. Then gain-of-function and loss-of-function strategies were adopted to manipulate the HIF-$1{\alpha}$ in SH-SY5Y cells, and hypoxia-induced survivin upregulation and cell apoptosis were determined. Results demonstrated that the HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and survivin were significantly promoted in a mouse model of hypoxic-ischemia or in SH-SY5Y cells post hypoxia in vitro. Manually upregulated HIF-$1{\alpha}$ could promote the hypoxia-induced survivin upregulation and improve the hypoxia-induced SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis. On the other hand, the HIF-$1{\alpha}$ knockdown by RNAi reduced the hypoxia-induced survivin upregulation and cell apoptosis. Therefore, the present study confirmed the protective role of HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and survivin in the hypoxia-induced SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis, and the survivin upregulation by hypoxia is HIF-$1{\alpha}$-dependent. Promotion of HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and survivin might be a valuable stragegy for therapeutic intervention for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제30권
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• pp.7.1-7.7
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• 2015

Objectives The widely promising applications of graphene nanomaterials raise considerable concerns regarding their environmental and human health risk assessment. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the toxicity profiling of graphene family nanano-materials (GFNs) in alternative in vitro and in vivo toxicity testing models. Methods The GFNs used in this study are graphene nanoplatelets ([GNPs]-pristine, carboxylate [COOH] and amide [$NH_2$]) and graphene oxides (single layer [SLGO] and few layers [FLGO]). The human bronchial epithelial cells (Beas2B cells) as in vitro system and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as in vivo system were used to profile the toxicity response of GFNs. Cytotoxicity assays, colony formation assay for cellular toxicity and reproduction potentiality in C. elegans were used as end points to evaluate the GFNs' toxicity. Results In general, GNPs exhibited higher toxicity than GOs in Beas2B cells, and among the GNPs the order of toxicity was pristine > $NH_2$ > COOH. Although the order of toxicity of the GNPs was maintained in C. elegans reproductive toxicity, but GOs were found to be more toxic in the worms than GNPs. In both systems, SLGO exhibited profoundly greater dose dependency than FLGO. The possible reason of their differential toxicity lay in their distinctive physicochemical characteristics and agglomeration behavior in the exposure media. Conclusions The present study revealed that the toxicity of GFNs is dependent on the graphene nanomaterial's physical forms, surface functionalizations, number of layers, dose, time of exposure and obviously, on the alternative model systems used for toxicity assessment.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.73-83
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• 1994

Applications of liposomes as a drug carrier for the oral delivery of poorly-absorbable macromolecular drugs have been limited, because of their instability in gastrointestinal environments including pH, bile salts, and digestive enzymes. Two polysaccharides, dextran(DX) and pullulan(PL), were introduced to the preformed liposomes in order to enhance the stability. Palmitoyl derivatives of polysaccharides, palmitoyldextran(PalDX) and palmitoylpullulan(PalPL), were synthesizd and introduced to the liposomes during preparation for the same purpose of stability. The effects of these polysaccharides coating were evaluated basically by physical properties of particle size distribution and optical microscopy, then compared with uncoated liposomes by the observations of both in vitro stability and in vovo absorption characteristics. The geometric mean diameters of polysaccharide-coated liposomes were greater than that of uncoated liposome, showing the outermost polysaccharide-coated layer under the optical microscopy. In vitro stabilities of uncoated or polysaccharides-coated liposomes were measured by turbidity changes in various pH buffer solutions containing sodium choleate as bile salts. While uncoated liposome was very sensitive to bile salts, polysaccharides-coated liposomes were stable in relatively higher concentrations of sodium choleate, giving the results of better stability of PalDX- and PalPL-coated liposomes than that of DX- and PL-coated liposomes. After liposomal encapsulation of acyclovir(ACV), an antiviral agent as a model drug, it has been administered orally to rats as dose of ACV 40 mg/kg. Plasma concentrations of ACV were assayed by HPLC and analyzed by model-independent pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetic parameters of Cmax, tmax, and [AUC] have been compared.