• Experimental and Molecular Medicine
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• v.50 no.12
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• pp.3.1-3.14
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• 2018

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a pathological condition associated with osteopenia. $WNT/{\beta}$-catenin signaling is implicated in this process. Trabecular and cortical bone respond differently to $WNT/{\beta}$-catenin signaling in healthy mice. We investigated whether this signaling has different effects on trabecular and cortical bone in T1DM. We first established a streptozotocin-induced T1DM mouse model and then constitutively activated ${\beta}$-catenin in osteoblasts in the setting of T1DM (T1-CA). The extent of bone loss was greater in trabecular bone than that in cortical bone in T1DM mice, and this difference was consistent with the reduction in the expression of ${\beta}$-catenin signaling in the two bone compartments. Further experiments demonstrated that in T1DM mice, trabecular bone showed lower levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) than the levels in cortical bone, leading to lower $WNT/{\beta}$-catenin signaling activity through the inhibition of the IGF-1R/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase $3{\beta}$ ($GSK3{\beta}$) pathway. After ${\beta}$-catenin was activated in T1-CA mice, the bone mass and bone strength increased to substantially greater extents in trabecular bone than those in cortical bone. In addition, the cortical bone of the T1-CA mice displayed an unexpected increase in bone porosity, with increased bone resorption. The downregulated expression of WNT16 might be responsible for these cortical bone changes. In conclusion, we found that although the activation of $WNT/{\beta}$-catenin signaling increased the trabecular bone mass and bone strength in T1DM mice, it also increased the cortical bone porosity, impairing the bone strength. These findings should be considered in the future treatment of T1DM-related osteopenia.

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.85-108
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• 2018

This study pointed out the reality that many novice Korean language teachers who lack rater training are scoring the learners' writing skill. The study performed and analyzed a case where pre-service teachers were educated in order to explore the possibility of promoting rater training in a Korean language teacher training course. The pre-service teachers majoring in Korean language education at the graduate school scored TOPIK compositions and were provided feedback by the FACETS program, which were further discussed at the rater meeting. In three scoring processes, the raters scored with conscious of own rating patterns and showed positive change or over correction due to excessive consciousness. Consequentially, ongoing training can improve rating ability, and considering the fact that professional rater training is hard to progress, the method composed of FACETS analysis and rater training revealed positive effects. On the other hand, the rater training including native Korean and non-native(Chinese) speakers together showed no significant difference by mother tongue but by individual difference. This can be interpreted as a positive implication to the rating reliability of non-native speakers possessing advanced Korean language abilities. However, this must be supplemented through extended research.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.121-131
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• 2010

Technological innovation depends on the quality of workers, whose ability is the key component to raise business competitiveness. Our study evaluates how satisfactory is the training of workers at small and medium sized firms, and suggest how to improve upon it. We show the theoretical framework for the relation between customer satisfaction and their behavioral intent on the one side, and factors of training service quality. Our result show: (1) Factors affecting customer satisfaction are, in descending order of importance, expertise, policy, follow-up service, attitude and behavior, and convenience. (2) Contrary to established views on the service quality, satisfaction for training would not be the prerequisite variable for intent to act, in case of training service quality. (3) Satisfaction level for training depends on the type of organization in charge of training (government, university, or private sector.) It also varied among different types of business (L-type, A-type, and J-type.) Small and medium sized firms find it difficult to commit to training education due to lack of money and manpower. The recent expansion of free training service would address part of this problem. On the other hand, the outfit in charge of training could boost service quality by customizing their training program to the type of business they cater to.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1082-1097
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• 2011

Service training influences on students' attitude, working behavior, and the improvement of service performance skill. To raise self-efficacy and service orientation of students, it is necessary to create and maintain a motivating environment. In order to accomplish the purpose of this study, related theories are researched and analyzed through theoretical consideration and in order to understand the relationship between them, questionnaires about service training, self-efficacy and service orientation of students were prepared. The statistics analysis of the collected materials was made by use of the SPSS-WINDOWS 12.0 and AMOS 5.0 statistics package. When it comes to the summary of the results through the empirical analysis of this study, it is as follows: First, the service training have been positively effective to the students' self-efficacy. Second, the service training has been positively effective to the students' service orientation. Third, the students' self-efficacy has been positively effective to the service outcome orientation and service process one.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.137-154
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• 2008

The increase of the supply of medical service and the increase of hospitals have intensified the competition of hospitals, and the advancement towards internationalization in the opening of medical industry has triggered the infinite competition of medical profession. In addition, the high expectation of customers and quality improvement in the medical care in accordance with the improvement of overall income, and the change of active role of medical consumers according to the popularization and the improvement of rights awareness reflect the customer needs and choice in the medical service. Customers wanted to receive the kind and pleasant service under the up-to-date medical service. Therefore, as a solution, hospital coordinators were emerged for the purpose of smooth treatment and customer satisfaction by generalizing all service of hospital. Accordingly, this thesis attempted to investigate the effect of hospital coordinator education curriculum on the education satisfaction and the quality of medical service. In order to solve the purpose of this study, I, author reviewed the existing literatures, established hypothesis, and verified hypothesis by using the variety of statistics techniques such as reliability, validity, frequency analysis, and regression analysis. The verification of hypothesis is as followings: First, among education training factors of hospital coordinators, the quality of instructor significantly affects the satisfaction of hospital coordinator education training. Second, among training factors of hospital coordinator, the attitude of trainee significantly affects the training satisfaction of hospital coordinator. Third, among education training factors of hospital coordinator, education course significantly affects the training satisfaction of hospital coordinator education. As the qualities of instructor are better equipped, the satisfaction of education becomes higher. It indicates that the education method of instructors is important as an index to represent the qualities of instructor such as the appropriateness of education method, preparation, passion, visual materials, the adequacy of education procession, and specialized knowledge, and it has important effect on the satisfaction of education. In order to enhance the satisfaction of hospital coordinator education, the creation of education environment, making trainee concentrate on the education, is required by appropriately allocating programs, arousing interest in education, based on the attitude of trainee, discussion, and preliminary programs, preparation, ahead of enforcement of education. Fourth, the satisfaction of hospital coordinator education training significantly affects the reliability among the qualities of medical service. Fifth, satisfaction of hospital coordinator education training significantly affects hospitality I kindness among the qualities of medical service. If the education satisfaction of trainee is high, it is effective in the practical application such as dealing with complaints, the duty performance for the patients, and so on in offering the medical service, related to reliability and furthermore, we can find the positive change in the attitude change of medical professions related to the reliability of hospital coordinator. In addition, in the process of offering medical services such as the kind explanation on the duty, rapid response to the customers inquiry, and tidy uniform, practical effect was verified. Sixth, the education training factor of hospital coordinator significantly affects the reliability among the quality of medical service. Seventh, the education training factors of hospital coordinator significantly affect hospitality/kindness. In the education of hospital coordinator, the methods to attract the interest of trainee by emphasizing reliability should be sought and for gaining the practical effect of hospital coordinator education, the sufficient preparation and investigation on the education curriculum should be prerequisite and under this condition, intensified discussion on the instructor and education course is needed. In the design of education course, more education hours and subjects should be allocated in the part of hospitality in order to improve the practical application of hospitality. Therefore, it is meaningful in a sense that this study newly approached the components of hospital coordinator education and the need to modify the quality components of medical service in accordance with the study subjects was raised. This study also finds its meaning in that it provides basic materials for the study of future hospital coordinator education by suggesting the system development model of hospital coordinator education through preliminary study of education training. In addition, this study is meaningful in the aspect that it suggested the direction of education training by showing how the hospital coordinator education training would applied to the hospital coordinator course of the Continuing Education Center at Pusan and Kyungnam National University to some extent. Since all investigation of this study was approached from the side of hospital coordinator, the thoughts of patients who are beneficiaries of medical service, and care givers cannot be identified. Therefore, the satisfaction of patients and care givers through the experience of medical service, which is the essential prerequisite of medical service, should be importantly considered and investigated. Accordingly, The study of comparing and analyzing the views of both patients and care givers should be carried out in the future.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.255-270
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• 2000

Because the accuracy is essential, in order to get the fluency in speaking, both of them are very important in English education and in-service training programs. To get the accuracy and the fluency, the causes and phenomena of the unnatural pronunciation have to be surveyed first of all. Therefore, this article surveyed the problematic and unnatural pronunciation of Korean English teachers in elementary and secondary schools using CSL and Multi-speech. And also, tried to pinpoint what the causes of unnatural pronunciation are\ulcorner Next a procedure or steps were offered for them to speak naturally through in-service training programs. Through this analysis, it was found that elementary teachers have unnatural pronunciation below, within and beyond word level, and the secondary teacher has unnatural pronunciation within and beyond word level. Therefore, pronunciation training courses have to put emphasis on segment features first, and move to suprasegmental features for elementary teachers. For secondary teachers, pronunciation training courses have to focus on word level and move to suprasegmental features, in other words beyond word level. And these pronunciation training courses have to be run integrated.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 1989

Secondary schools in Korea have been faced with with several critical problems with regard to science education, with one of the most fundament problems being associated with secondary school science teacher education and in-service training. Therefore this study, which is a part of project for the improvement of science teaching in secondary schools, had its purposes to inquire into the following are as. ${\circ}$systems for science teacher education ${\circ}$curricular contents and its operations of science teacher education ${\circ}$systems for in-service teacher training and its operations ${\circ}$analyses of problems associated with science teacher education and in-service teacher training. In order to fulfill these objectives this study used methods of literature review, survey, and interviews. The major findings are as follow: ${\circ}$curricular hours of subject matter education are not sufficient for competent science teacher. opportunities for self-training in major are as are seldom given to the most of the science teachers ${\circ}$systematic organization for in-service traings is in urgert need. In addition to there-findings strategies for improving science teacher education and in-service trainings are suggested in this paper.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.263-271
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• 2017

Teacher reeducation is required to be comfortable with the 'Integrated science' subject as introduced in the 2015 revised curriculum. In this research, we designed in-service teacher training programs according to the types of secondary school science teacher's certificates, and developed ways to improve in-service science teachers' competencies. Through Delphi surveys with 22 science education experts, we investigated the features of the 2015 revised 'Integrated science' curriculum in light of its characteristics, purposes, contents system, contents, and so on, and explored teachers' competencies to teach the subject. Based on the analysis of the features of each type of secondary school science teachers' certification and required teacher competencies for teaching 'Integrated science', we developed three types of teacher training programs: in-service training courses for understanding the 2015 revised 'Integrated science' (Type A), in-service training courses for 'Integrated science' (Type B), and in-service teacher training certificate program for 'Integrated science' (Type C). For each teacher training program, we suggested the target of the training program in light of teacher certificates, operation systems, and ways to organize the program. In addition, we also suggested ways to improve 'Integrated science' teacher education programs for pre-service as well as in-service teachers, and examined ways to improve educational requirements for qualification in 'Integrated science' teaching based on the opinions of experts. Discussed in the conclusion are ways to design in-service teacher training programs for 'Integrated science' teaching and ways to improve 'Integrated science' teacher training.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.171-182
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• 2012

This study examines current In-service Teacher Training Programs in Mathematics Education in order to explore policy alternatives. The data analyzed from the training programs was provided by 16 local education offices in Korea. The following amendments are suggested: First, a conference between the 16 offices should be initiated to discuss improving the quality of the programs. Second, the training programs should be customized according to the needs of the teacher trainees. Third, a support policy provided by the government, such as implementing compulsory teacher training programs, should be, in some cases, mandated.

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.169-199
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine Korean teachers' needs in in-service teacher training and variables related to their needs. This study was conducted with teachers from Korean language centers in Korean universities. The following three research questions were investigated: (1) What are the teachers' experiences of Korean language teaching and in-service teacher training? (2) What are the teachers' needs and expectations for the content and components of in-service education programs? Are there any disparity between teachers' needs and institutional needs? (3) What are the variables to be considered in designing an effective in-service teacher education program? In order to answer the research questions, a survey was developed and distributed to university Korean language institutions and Korean language teachers. The results indicated that both institutions and teachers are highly aware of the importance of the need for in-service teacher training. The results also suggested that a more teacher-centered, bottom-up approach should be implemented for successful outcomes of teacher education programs. Based on the results, this study offers a summary of the need for in-service teacher training and variables (both individual teacher variables and environmental variables) to be considered in designing the content and components of a teacher education program.