• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.285-290
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• 1997

Previously, a 50% aqueous methanol extract of Galla rhois was shown to be the most potent tyrosinase inhibition activity with an {TEX}$IC_{50}${/TEX}(the concentration causing 50% inhibition of tyrosinase activity) of 0.2mg/ml of 205 crude drug extracts. To isolate tyrosinase inhibitors, the methanol extract was evaporated to a small volume in vacuo, and then partitioned stepwise with benzene and ethyl acetate(EtOAc). the EtOAc fraction was solubilized in 10% MeOH solution, and then fractionated successively by Diaion HP-20 and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and preparative HPLC. Three phenolic compounds were isolated, and characterized as gallic acid(GA), methyl gallate(MG) and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-$\beta$-D-glucose(PGG) by UV, IR, {TEX}${1}^H${/TEX}-&{TEX}${13}^C${/TEX}-NMR, and FAB-MS spectroscopy, PGG({TEX}$IC_{50}${/TEX}=50$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) showed a considerable inhibitory effect against mushroom tyrosinase, while GA({TEX}$IC_{50}${/TEX}=1.6mg/ml) and MG({TEX}$IC_{50}${/TEX}=234$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) did not show an appreciable effect. Meanwhile, MG inhibited greatly melanogenesis in a murine melanocyte cell line, Mel-Ab. MG and PGG showed typical noncompetitive inhibition patterns against mushroom tyrosinase. These results suggest that PGG and MG may be potentially useful as either anti-browning or anti-melanogenic agents in foods and cosmetics.

• 약학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.155-162
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• 1996

Hyperkeratinization is a dermatologic disorder, which is due to the increase of corneocyte cohesion force. Glycolic acid, an alpha hydroxy acid(AHA), has been used to breakdown the hyperkeratinization processes. However, it has a problem of skin irritation when applied topically, due to the strong acidity especially in high concentration. A molecular optimization of glycolic acid has been tried to reduce the skin irritation by the way of prodrug formation. Ethyl glycolate was synthesized by the esterification of glycolic acid with ethanol in acidic conditions in the presence of sulfuric acid, and examined under the spectroscopic trials, such as UV, IR, $^1H$-NMR, and GC-MS. The physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of the prodrug were also evaluated. Through the toxicological tests of both skin irritation and eye mucous irritation, it has been proved that ethyl glycolate was less irritant than glycolic acid, since the pH value of synthetic prodrug was higher than that of glycolic acid. In the penetration test through nude mouse skin by diffusion cell, ethyl glycolate was continuously hydrolyzed to glycolic acid, which was assayed form the receptor compartment. It was obtained that the penetrated amount of ethyl glycolate was five times higher than that of glycolic acid. These results suggest that ethyl glycolate might be a successful prodrug of glycolic acid to reduce the skin irritation and to increase the skin penetration as well.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.673-679
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• 2020

Background: Panax notoginseng saponin (PNS) is the extraction from the roots and rhizomes of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen. PNS is the main bioactive component of Xuesaitong, Xueshuantong, and other Chinese patent medicines, which are all bestselling prescriptions in China to treat cardiocerebrovascular diseases. Notoginsenoside R₁ and ginsenoside Rg₁, Rd, Re, and Rb₁ are the principal effective constituents of PNS, but a systematic research on the rare saponin compositions has not been conducted. Objective: The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic chemical study on PNS and establish the HPLC fingerprint of PNS to provide scientific evidence in quality control. In addition, the cytotoxicity of the new compounds was tested. Methods: Pure saponins from PNS were isolated by means of many chromatographic methods, and their structures were determined by extensive analyses of NMR and HR-ESI-MS studies. The fingerprint was established by HPLC-UV method. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was tested by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 -diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Results and Conclusion: Three new triterpenoid saponins (1-3) together with 25 known rare saponins (4-28) were isolated from PNS, except for the five main compounds (notoginsenoside R1 and ginsenoside Rg1, Rd, Re, and Rb1). In addition, the HPLC fingerprint of PNS was established, and the peaks of the isolated compounds were marked. The study of chemical constituents and fingerprint was useful for the quality control of PNS. The study on antitumor activities showed that new Compound 2 exhibited significant inhibitory activity against the tested cell lines.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.510-516
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• 2008

New antitumor active polymers, poly(methacryloyl-2-oxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid-co-exo-3,6-epoxy-l,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic acid) [poly(MTCA-co-ETAc)], poly(methacryloyl-2-oxy-l,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid-co-hydrogen ethyl-exo-3,6-epoxy-l,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalate) [poly(MTCA-co-HEET)], and poly(methacryloyl-2-oxy-l,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid-co-a-ethoxy-exo-3,6-epoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthaloyl-5-fluorouracil) [poly(MTCA-co-EETFU)] were synthesized and characterized. Their antitumor activity, inhibition of DNA replication and antiangiogenesis were examined. The structures of the polymers were identified by FT-IR, $^1H$ and $^{13}C$-NMR spectroscopy. The number average molecular weights of the fractionated polymers determined by GPC ranged from 9,400 to 14,900, and polydispersity indices were less than 1.7. The in vitro cytotoxicity of these polymers was determined and their antitumor activity was evaluated. The $IC_{50}$ values (the drug concentration at inhibition of 50% tumor growth) indicated that the synthesized polymers were much better inhibitors of cancer cells and showed lower cytotoxicity than the free 5-FU. The in vivo antitumor activity of the conjugates was examined using mice bearing the sarcoma 180 tumor cell line. The life spans (TIC) of the mice treated with the conjugates were higher than those treated with the free 5-FU. In addition, the synthesized conjugates showed excellent antiangiogenic activity based on an embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.820-826
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• 2019

This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory potential of a grasshopper ketone (GK) isolated from the brown alga Sargassum fulvellum on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. GK was isolated and purified from the n-hexane fraction and its structure was verified on the basis of NMR spectroscopic data. GK up to $100{\mu}g/ml$ is not cytotoxic to RAW 264.7, and is an effective inhibitor of LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, $IL-1{\beta}$, and $TNF-{\alpha}$ was found significantly reduced in $0.1-100{\mu}g/ml$ dose ranges of GK treatment (p < 0.05). We confirmed the dose-dependent and significant inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 proteins expression. In addition, it has been shown that GK induces anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting MAPKs (ERK, JNK, and p38) and $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 phosphorylation. Our results show that the anti-inflammatory properties of GK may be due to the inhibition of the $NF-{\kappa}B$ and MAPKs pathways, which are associated with the attenuation of cytokine secretion.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2024

송라(Usnea diffracta Vain.)는 송라속(Usnea)에 속하는 지의류 중 하나이며, 이전 연구에서 항산화, 항균, 항염, 항종양 및 심혈관 보호 등의 약리학적 활성이 보고되어 있으나 피부 및 모발에서의 효능은 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 세포 수준에서 송라 추출물(UDE)의 항노화 및 모유두세포 증식에 대한 효과를 검증하였다. 실험 결과, 송라 추출물은 인간 섬유아세포에서 UVA에 의해 증가된 MMP-1의 발현 및 상위기전인 MAPKs (ERK, p38, JNK)와 AP-1 (c-Fos, c-Jun)의 활성을 유의적으로 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 송라 추출물은 인간 모유두세포의 증식을 유의하게 증가시켰으며, 모발 성장인자인 VEGF 및 KGF의 mRNA 발현을 유의하게 증가시켰다. 이로 인하여, 모발 증식 및 성장인자의 발현에 관여하는 ERK/CREB의 인산화를 농도 의존적으로 증가시켰다. 송라 추출물의 주성분 확인을 위해 송라 추출물을 농축 후 Prep-LC를 이용하여 main peak로 나타난 분획을 분리 정제하였고, NMR 및 Mess 분석을 통해 diffractaic acid로 동정하였다. Diffractaic acid는 인간 섬유아세포에서 UVA에 의해 증가된 MMP-1의 발현을 유의적으로 감소시켰으며, 인간 모유두세포의 증식을 농도 의존적으로 증가시켰다. 이를 통해 송라 추출물은 항노화 및 모유두세포 활성 증가 효능을 갖는 화장품 천연소재로서의 활용 가능성을 입증하였다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.924-928
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• 2009

녹차에 관한 최근까지의 연구결과에서, 녹차는 생리활성의 촉진작용뿐아니라 항암, 항산화, 고혈압 억제효과, 체중 조절 등 다방면의 약리효과를 보이는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 아울러, 녹차의 항균 및 항진균 작용에 관한 연구결과도 발표되고 있으며, 본 연구팀에 의해서도 녹차추출물의 항균작용을 확인한 바 있어, 본 연구에서는 탁월한 항균작용을 소유하고 있는 녹차분획물질을 분리하여 그 분자구조를 동정하는데 목적이 있다. 따라서, 녹차추출물에서 탁월한 항균력을 가지는 항균활성물질을 HPLC 분리방법 및 NMR 분석법으로 분리 동정한 결과, 각각 (-)-epicatechin gallate 및 (-)-epigallocatechin gallate로 확인되었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.442-446
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• 2006

참죽나무는 멀구슬과 나무로서 한국과 중국에 널리 분포하고 있다. 한방에서는 장염(腸炎), 이질(痢疾), 개선(疥癬) 등의 치료에 이용되고 있다. 본 연구는 참죽나무 잎에서 3종의 flavonol glycosides를 분리하여 NMR을 통해 구조를 확인한 결과, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside (1), quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (2)와 quercetin-3-O-glucoside(3)로 구조 동정되었다. 분리된 화합물들의 생리활성은 matrix metalloproteinase-2 저해 활성과 인체암 세포주에 대한 세포독성과 apoptosis실험을 통하여 항암효과를 조사하였다. 그 결과 인체암 세포주에 대한 세포독성과 apoptosis 저해활성은 나타내지 않았으나, MMP-2활성저해 조사에서는 강한 저해 효과를 나타내었다. 특히 quercetin-3-O-glucoside는 암세포에 직접적인 독성을 보이는 것이 아니라 암의 침윤과 전이에 특이적으로 작용하는 물질로 보여진다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.1527-1535
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• 2018

Bacterial strain BAS23 was isolated from rice field soil and identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Based on dual culture method results, the bacterium BAS23 exhibited potent in vitro inhibitory activity on mycelial growth against a broad range of dirty panicle fungal pathogens of rice (Curvularia lunata, Fusarium semitectum and Helminthosporium oryzae). Cell-free culture of BAS23 displayed a significant effect on germ tube elongation and mycelial growth. The highest dry weight reduction (%) values of C. lunata, H. oryzae and F. semitectum were 92.7%, 75.7%, and 68.9%, respectively. Analysis of electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and $^1H$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy revealed that the lipopeptides were iturin A with a C14 side chain (C14 iturinic acid), and a C15 side chain (C15 iturinic acid), which were produced by BAS23 when it was cultured in nutrient broth (NB) for 72 h at $30^{\circ}C$. BAS23, the efficient antagonistic bacterium, also possessed in vitro multiple traits for plant growth promotion and improved rice seedling growth. The results indicated that BAS23 represents a useful option either for biocontrol or as a plant growth-promoting agent.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.114-119
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• 2011

황백으로부터 n-BuOH 추출물에서 약 50%의 hyaluronidase 저해효과가 있음이 확인되었다. n-BuOH 분획 농축물을 Sephadex LH-20 및 MCI gel CHP-20 column chromatography로 정제한 결과 저해활성을 가지는 Jatrorrhizine을 분리, 동정하였다. 황백추출물과 Jatrorrhizine은 모두 농도 의존적으로 NO 발현을 억제하였고, 100 ${\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 60% 이상의 억제 효과를 나타내었다. 황백추출물과 Jatrorrhizine의 iNOS와 COX-2의 억제력을 살펴본 결과, 100 ${\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 45% 및 29%의 저해효과를 나타내었다. 따라서 황백추출물 및 Jatrorrhizine은 LPS로 유도되어진 대식세포주인 Raw264.7 세포에서의 염증반응의 억제효과를 기대할 수 있었다.