• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.125-132
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• 2011

Objectives : An aim of study is to investigate effects of curculiginis rhizoma in vitro (factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor assay, prothrombinase assay, prothrombin time (PT) assay, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) assay) and in vivo experiment (blood clotting time, thromboxane B2 content assay in serum and weight of thrombus by AV-shunt rat model). Methods : We gained a human serum and used serum in vitro study such as factor X activity (FXa) inhibition, prothrombinase inhibition, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time. Fifteen SD rats were divided into three groups (intact control group and two experimental group treated with extract of Curculiginis Rhizoma(ECR)). Rats were orally administrated DW (intact control group), 600 mg/kg concertration of ECR and 200 mg/kg concertration of ECR. After one hour, we anesthetized rats and made arteriovenous (AV) shunt rat models to study weights of thrombus, took a hole blood to study content of thromboxane B2 and blood clotting time. Results : In vitro, ECR increased a inhibitory activity of FXa, prothrombinase and aPTT compared than intact control group. Especially ECR made significant increase of FXa and prothrombinase inhibitory activity (p<0.05, p<0.01). And PT were increased in ECR control group compared with intact control group. In vivo, a blood clotting time of experiment group treated with ECR 600 mg/kg were significantly increased compared with that of intact control group (p<0.05) and content of thromboxane B2 was significantly decreased in group treated with ECR 600 mg/kg in seum. The weight of thrombus were significantly reduced in group treated with ECR 600 mg/kg compared with intact control group (p<0.05). But in vivo experiment study, those of group treated with ECR 200 mg/kg were reduced compared with those of intact control group without statistical significance. Conclusions : ECR has a antithromboic activity in internal course with inhibitory activity of FXa and prothrombinase in vitro, it required to research more study for effective compounds.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 1986

In order to study the antioxidative action of the effectient garlic components, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity were compared through the in vitro and in vivo experiments. RESULTS : 1. Observing the effects on peroxidase activity of efficient components in vitro, garlic oil, alliin and ethanol fraction showed effective, which was similar to the trend of TBA value, peroxide value and induction time for the first period of lipoperoxide formation in vitro. 2. In vivo experiment with peroxidase activity, the ethanol fraction and garlic oil were effective when intraperitoneally administered as well as orally administered. 3. Considering the superoxide disutase activity in vitro, the garlic oil, alliin and ethanol fraction were effective in efficient components. But non-kaolin fraction inhibited the activity on the contrary. 4. In terms of the efefcts on superoxide dismutase activity in vivo, alliin and garlic oil wee effective in intraperitoneal adminstraton and the ethanol fraction and alliin in oral administration.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.79-105
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• 2006

Objective : This research aims to investigates the effects of CMT and HCMT on Dementia. and we also want to know the different effect of CMT, HCMT by drug types. Methods : The research is progressed by two types of experiment. one experiment is BV2 microglial cell line treated by LPS in vitro and another experiment is memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine in vivo. Results : The CMT and HCMT is effective in BV2 microglial cell line treated by LPS in vitro and in the serum of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine in vivo. But, there is no significant difference between CMT and HCMT extract&nano powder in experimental conclusion. Conclusions : These results suggest that the two drug types of CMT and HCMT may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Dementia. Investigation into the further study two drug types of the CMT and HCMT for Dementia is suggested for future research.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.379-389
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• 1993

Several studies have shown that extracts from yellow-green vegetables reveal antitumor activities. In the present study we investigated the effect of phytol in order to elucidate the immunological mechanism of antitumor activity of this substance. The results obtained from the experiment as follows: 1) Phytol showed cytotoxic effect on sarcoma 180 cells in vitro. 2) When phytol was injected into the peritoneal cavity of mice transplanted with sarcoma 180 cells, the average survival time (24.0 days) tended to increase as compared with the nontreated control (19.2 days). 3) When sarcoma 180 cells were injected subcutaneously into the right groin of mice, and then phytol was injected into the peritoneal cavity, the tumor inhibition ratio was 33%. 4) The natural killer(NK) cell activity was significantly augmented by phytol in vitro and in vivo. Similar augmentations of NK cell activity were obtained with culture supernatants of phytol exposed spleen cells and peripheral blood mononuiclear cells. 5) Phytol on the macrophage from peritoneal cavity showed a higher effectiveness in vivo than in vitro. These results indicate that phytol shows the inhibitory effect for growth of sarcoma 180 cells in vitro, also it can augment macrophage and NK cell activities in vivo.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.187-203
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the antimetastatic and immunomodulating effects of Patriniae Radix. Methods : Acute and subacute cytotoxicity experiment of Patriniae Radix was performed. Antimetastatic experiment was administered in vitro and in vivo. To observe the immunomodulating effects of Patriniae Radix, FACS analysis and ELISA assay were performed. Results : There was no acute and subacute toxicity responses in mouse treated with Patriniae Radix. Antimetastatic experiment in vitro and in vivo showed that Patriniae Radix has antimetastatic effects. This research revealed that Patriniae Radix mediate cellular immunity response. As compared with control, the population of total T cell, helper T cell, cytotoxic T cell and macrophage were increased. The production of Th 1 type cytokines from splenocyte and cytokines which is associated with anti-tumor activity form macrophage were increased significantly. Conclusion Patriniae Radix Herbal-acupuncture appears to have considerable activity on the treatment of liver metastasis from colon26-L5 carcinoma cell line, and deserves further evaluation in this setting.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.219-230
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• 2004

This experiment was performed to examine the in vitro and in vivo affects of the two different haplotype strains of mice, BALB/c and C3H/HeN infected with Echinostoma hortense, and the manifestation of the profiles of cytokine in the splenocytes. In the in vitro experiment, the two mice's splenocytes were divided and stimulated with antigen of crude extracts and the antigen of excretory and secretory products of an adult warm and the manifestation of cytokine mRNA was verified with RT-PCR. As a result, the two different strains of mice both strongly manifested the Th2 cytokine rather than the Thl cytokine and in the case of the Th2 cytokine, the BALB/c mice manifested more strongly than the C3H/HeN mice. In the experiment using the ELISA method, the protem cytokine manifestation had the same result as the mRNA experiment. In the in vivo experiment, the mice was infected via oral route with the metacercaria of the Echinostoma hortense and the manifestation of cytokine was verified by RT-PCR and ELISA and the results were the same as the in vitro experiment. Therefore, in the two strains of BALB/c and C3H/HeN, the C3H/HeN showed a higher susceptivity to the Echinostoma hortense.

• Proceedings of the Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.13-17
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• 2003

In this paper, the design parameters for the magnetic field source at extremely low frequency are proposed. This facility can be used for in vivo experiments with small animals to investigate biological response to the driving magnetic fields. In case that the exposed animals are motionless, the animals may be affected by the directivity of driving field. To avoid this effect, a 2-axis ELF magnetic field driving apparatus was designed, The optimum location and number of turns of each coil were obtained by numerical analysis. Applying these data to the MATLAB code (for computation), the magnetic field distribution was obtained. The calculation result for a well-designed facility showed that the space in which the amplitude of the magnetic field lies within the 95% of the magnetic field distribution was more than 60% of each axis length.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 2002

The remote monitoring system including hemodynamic information and pump status of the implanted animal could be helpful during the in vivo experiment or clinical trial for an artificial heart Implantation. In order to monitor the course of the in vivo experiment continuously and anywhere, web-based remote monitoring system was developed, which can monitor pressures(AoP, LAP, RAP, PAP) and flow information as well as the pump operating conditions. The system consists of data sending, storing viewer part. The data sending part was constructed using component object model and the viewer part was constructed using the Java applet. In addition, the dialog box was introduced to communicate earth other instantly and the alarming function was also introduced when the hemodynamic values were out of the desired ranges. The developed remote monitoring system was applied during the in vivo experiment of the BVAD (Bi-ventricular Assist Device) implantation for 1 month and showed designed work without failure.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.151-155
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• 2011

The fungus Botrytis cinerea causes fruit rot of strawberry and the damages can result in harvest losses upto 50%. Proper timing of fungicide application is essential for successful control of Botrytis fruit rot, fenhexamid plus iminoctadine tris, cyprodinil plus fludioxonil, fludioxonil alone, and Bacillus subtilis QST713 were applied to individual buds, flowers, and green and red fruit of cultivar 'Seolhyang' ex vivo. Cyprodinil plus fludioxonil or fludioxonil alone was applied i) before and after a 5-hr period of low-temperature ($0^{\circ}C$) incubation ex vivo ii) in field trials. Strawberry flowers and red fruit were more susceptible to B. cinerea than the green fruits. Incidence of Botrytis rot with fenhexamid plus iminoctadine tris and cyprodinil plus fludioxonil was the lowest at flowering, whereas B. subtilis QST713 did not significantly among treatments. In 2010, incidence of Botrytis fruit rot was significantly reduced when fludioxonil was applied two times at 1 week intervals from 50% bloom in field trials. Cultivars Redpearl and Seolhyang were more susceptible to low-temperature than cvs. Maehyang and Akihime. Cyprodinil plus fludioxonil application was effective when applied before onset of the low-temperature treatment period. Fludioxonil showed the most effective when it was sprayed one and more than two times in before and post low-temperature condition, respectively. These results demonstrate that fungicide selection and timing can interact with stage of fruit development and low-temperature in determining effectiveness of suppression of Botrytis fruit rot.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 1999

Ketoprofen together with various permeation enhancers was incorporated into a novel soft hydrogel which is semi-solid in a container and to form a thin film within a few minutes after applying on the skin. The effect of various enhancers on the skin permeation of ketoprofen from a soft hydrogel was investigated using in vitro and in vivo method. In vitro rat skin permeation of ketoprofen from soft hydrogel was conducted using modified Keshary-Chien diffusion cells. In vivo ketoprofen absorption was also investigated in rats, and the results were compared with that of commercial products. Anti-inflammatory activities were determined using carrageenan-induced paw edema method and adjuvant-induced arthritis method in rats. The anti-inflammatory activity of ketoprofen soft hydrogel formulation with that of commercial products were compared. In vitro as well as in vivo studies showed that $HPE-101^{\circledR}$ was the most effective skin permeation enhancer among those used in this study. Addition of an adhesive (polyisobutylene) in the soft hydrogel decreased skin permeation of ketoprofen. Paw edema and anti-arthritis tests showed that soft hydrogel containing $HPE-101^{\circledR}$ was more effective than the commercial products, which was consistent with the in vivo absorption experiment results.