• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.108-113
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• 2020

Objective: Endometrial fibrosis, the primary pathological feature of intrauterine adhesion, may lead to disruption of endometrial tissue structure, menstrual abnormalities, infertility, and recurrent pregnancy loss. At present, no ideal therapeutic strategy exists for this fibrotic disease. Eupatilin, a major pharmacologically active flavone from Artemisia, has been previously reported to act as a potent inducer of dedifferentiation of fibrotic tissue in the liver and lung. However, the effects of eupatilin on endometrial fibrosis have not yet been investigated. In this study, we present the first report on the impact of eupatilin treatment on transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)-induced endometrial fibrosis. Methods: The efficacy of eupatilin on TGF-β-induced endometrial fibrosis was assessed by examining changes in morphology and the expression levels of fibrosis markers using immunofluorescence staining and quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: Eupatilin treatment significantly reduced the fibrotic activity of TGF-β-induced endometrial fibrosis in Ishikawa cells, which displayed more circular shapes and formed more colonies. Additionally, the effects of eupatilin on fibrotic markers including alpha-smooth muscle actin, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha, collagen type I alpha 1 chain, and matrix metalloproteinase-2, were evaluated in TGF-β-induced endometrial fibrosis. The expression of these markers was highly upregulated by TGF-β pretreatment and recovered to the levels of control cells in response to eupatilin treatment. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that suppression of TGF-β-induced signaling by eupatilin might be an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of endometrial fibrosis.

• 식물병연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.32-36
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• 2008

Ralstonia solanacearum에 의한 풋마름병은 토마토, 감자 등의 작물에 심각한 피해를 주고 있으나, 효과적인 방제법이 없는 실정이다. 일반 병원균의 생물적 방제를 위해 Pseudomonas속의 세균이 가장 일반적으로 이용되고 있는데, 이번 연구에서는 각종 작물의 재배지 토양에서 형광성 세균을 분리하여 Pseudomonas속 특이적 PCR과 항생물질(2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol) 생산 관련 유전자의 유무를 조사하였다. 분리된 150개의 Pseudomonas속 세균 중 항생물질 관련 유전자가 검출된 균은 2균주뿐이였으며, 그중 토마토 근권토양으로 분리된 P. putida P84 세균이 각종 식물 병원 세균에 대해 가장 높은 실내 항균력을 나타내었다. P84 균주의 탄소원별 증식효과는 glucose 첨가시에 가장 좋았으며, arabionse, inositol, melibiose 첨가시에도 우수한 증식효과를 나타내었다. P84세균을 이용한 토마토 풋마름병의 포트실험 결과에서는 60%의 방제효과를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.96-112
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• 2023

Rye (Secale cereale L.) is a valuable annual forage crop in Korea but there is limited information about the impact of chemical and biological additives on fermentation characteristics of the crop. This experiment was conducted to investigate fermentation dynamics of wilted forage rye treated with the following six additives; control (no additive), sodium diacetate applied at 3 g/kg wilted forage weight (SDA3), 6 g/kg wilted forage weight (SDA6), inoculations (10⁶ CFU/g wilted forage) of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), L. buchneri (LB), or LP+LB. The ensiled rye sampled at 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 45 days indicated that the acidification occurred fast within five days of storage than the rest of the storage period. The microbial inoculants decline the pH of ensiled forage, more rapidly than the control or SDA treated, which accompanied by the decrease of water-soluble carbohydrates and increase of lactic acid. Compared with the control silage, all treatments suppressed ammonia-nitrogen formation below to 35 g/kg DM throughout the sampling period. Suppression of total microbial counting occurred in SDA6, LP, and LP + LB. The lactic acid production rates were generally higher in microbial inoculation treatments. Acetic acid concentration was lowest in the LP-treated silage and highest in the SDA- and LB-treated silages. The in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility and total digestible nutrients were the highest in the silage treated with SDA (6 g/kg) at day 45 of ensiling. Based on lower ammonia-nitrogen concentrations and higher feed value, ensiling forage rye treated with SDA at 6 g/kg is promising through enhanced silage quality.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.387-398
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• 2023

Microtubule acetylation has been proposed as a marker of highly heterogeneous and aggressive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The novel microtubule acetylation inhibitors GM-90257 and GM-90631 (GM compounds) cause TNBC cancer cell death but the underlying mechanisms are currently unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that GM compounds function as anti-TNBC agents through activation of the JNK/AP-1 pathway. RNA-seq and biochemical analyses of GM compound-treated cells revealed that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and members of its downstream signaling pathway are potential targets for GM compounds. Mechanistically, JNK activation by GM compounds induced an increase in c-Jun phosphorylation and c-Fos protein levels, thereby activating the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor. Notably, direct suppression of JNK with a pharmacological inhibitor alleviated Bcl2 reduction and cell death caused by GM compounds. TNBC cell death and mitotic arrest were induced by GM compounds through AP-1 activation in vitro. These results were reproduced in vivo, validating the significance of microtubule acetylation/JNK/AP-1 axis activation in the anti-cancer activity of GM compounds. Moreover, GM compounds significantly attenuated tumor growth, metastasis, and cancer-related death in mice, demonstrating strong potential as therapeutic agents for TNBC.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1356-1363
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• 2014

28개의 아미노산으로 이루어져 있는 Ghrelin은 위 기저부의 X/A-유사 신경내분비 세포에서 주로 합성 분비되는 물질로 음식의 섭취나 비만, 에너지 항상성 등을 조절하는 역할을 하며, 이러한 Ghrelin 활성화는 수용체인 G-protein coupled growth hormone secretagogue receptor-1a (GHS-R1a)와 결합을 통해 일어난다. 최근 보고된 자료에 따르면, ghrelin과 수용체는 위나 시상하부, 뇌하수체 등뿐만 아니라 T 세포나 단핵구 및 대식세포 등 면역 세포에서도 생성되며, 염증반응을 유도하는 사이토카인의 생성을 억제하는 역할을 한다. 또한 흉선의 퇴화 등 면역기관에 있어서도 중요한 호르몬으로 보고되고 있지만 그 기전이나 기능에 대한 연구가 아직 미미한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 흉선에서 T 세포의 성숙이나 세포활성을 억제하는 물질로 알려져 있는 덱사메타손(Dexamethasone; DEX)으로 세포사멸을 유도시킨 흉선세포에 ghrelin을 처리하여 세포사멸 억제효과를 알아보았다. 그 결과 Ghrelin은 세포사멸에 중요 단백질인 Caspase-3와 PARP 및 Bim의 활성화가 in vivo 및 in vitro 모두에서 효과적으로 저해됨을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이러한 세포사멸의 억제효과는 ghrelin을 처리할 경우 DEX에 의해 활성화된 Glucocorticoid 수용체(GR)의 인산화의 억제와 HSP90 등과 복합체를 이루고 있는 GR이 활성화되면서 분해되는 과정을 억제시켜 결과적으로 핵 안으로 이동하는 과정을 억제하는 기전을 통해 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과 등을 통해 볼 때, ghrelin은 약물이나 체내 생리적 스트레스 등으로 인해 발생하는 흉선 내 면역세포들의 세포사멸에 도움을 줄 것으로 사료되며, 나아가 이로 인한 흉선위축을 보호할 수 있는 치료 후보물질로서의 연구를 기대할 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1665-1670
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• 2006

The objective of this research was to provide the characterization and method for producing anti-E. coli O157:H7 antibodies in egg-laying hens and to determine if the antibody can restrain the proliferation of E. coli O157:H7 in-vitro. Selected antigenic fractions (whole cell, outer membrane protein and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) from E. coli O157:H7 were injected to hens in order to produce anti-E. coli O157:H7 antibodies. The immune response and the egg yolk antibodies of laying hens against the whole cell, outer membrane protein and LPS antigens were monitored by ELISA. The level of antibodies against whole cell antigen monitored through ELISA sharply increased after the initial immunization, and it was found to be maximum on day 49 however, the level was maintained up to day 70. Antibodies (5 mg/ml) directed against the whole cell inhibited E. coli proliferation 10-13 times more than outer membrane protein or LPS. The antibody response against the whole cell antigens appeared to have higher activity in restraining the proliferation of E. coli O157:H7 than antibody against outer membrane protein or LPS. Results reflected that increasing the IgY's in the egg yolk could prevent greater economic losses due to human and animal health from pathogenic bacteria i.e. E. coli O157:H7.

• 생약학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.368-376
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• 1999

Twenty-four Oriental herbal medicines including Platycodi Radix and Scutellariae Radix, etc., which have been used for the cure of hyperlipidemia, coronary heart, disease were evaluated for the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A(HMG-CoA) reductase inhibition and antioxidant effect on a free radical, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) in vitro, and antihyperlipidemic effect on hyperlipidemic rats induced by Triton WR-1339 in vivo. 80% MeOH extract of eight herbs including Scutellariae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Moutan Cortex Radicis, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam, Cinnamomi Ramulus and Crataegi Fructus inhibited the HMG-CoA reductase activities and exhibited a radical-trapping action on a stable free radical, DPPH. On Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic rats, four herbs including Scutellariae Radix, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam and Cinnamomi Ramulus showed respectively the significant suppression of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid and LDL-cholesterol levels and serum transaminase(ALT and AST) activities. From these results, it is suggested that each 80% MeOH extract of Scutellariae Radix, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam and Cinnamomi Ramulus have effective antihyperlipidemic action against hyperlipidemia.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2010

The effect of Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) and Rahnella aquatilis Ra39 against apple fire blight disease caused by Erwinia amylovora were tested as a possible alternative to streptomycin. In vitro studies, no inhibition effect against the pathogen was found when ASM was tested. Under greenhouse conditions, application of R. aquatilis Ra39 with the highly susceptible M26 rootstock resulted in a marked disease suppression. Application of ASM and strain Ra39 caused a high decrease of the disease, 82% and 58% respectively; this was correlated with a reduction of the growth of the pathogen within host plants up to 64% and 49.5% respectively. Further studies in the field under artificial infection condition during full bloom revealed that application of ASM and R. aquatilis Ra39 with Gala variety resulted in a control effect up to 21 and 29% respectively. In physiological studies, enhanced activities of PR-proteins (chitinase and $\beta$-1, 3-glucanase) were detected, which are well known as biochemical markers for systemic acquired resistance. Application of ASM to apple shoots caused the highest chitinase activity followed by strain Ra39. The enzyme activity was increased after 2, 4 and 6 days from application. In addition, ASM-treatment caused the higher $\beta$-1, 3-glucanase activity than strain Ra39. Maximum enzyme activity was recorded after 6 days from application and then decreased after 8 and 10 days from application.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2002

Objectives: To assess the scavenging effect of carnitine derivatives on oxidative damage to sperm during sperm processing, cryopreservation and thawing. Materials and Methods: Fresh semen samples from 20 normal healthy volunteers were collected by masturbation after at least 48 hours abstinence. After liquefaction of semen samples at room temperature, the specimens were diluted with sperm wash media (Ham's F-10, Life technologics) to a uniform density of $20{\times}10^6/ml$. L-carnitine or acetylcarnitine were added with various concentration of $0{\mu}M$, $10{\mu}M$, $30{\mu}M$ in semen sample or cryoprotectant. All specimens were cryopreservated at $-196^{circ}C$ $LN_2$ for 3 days. Sperm motility, vitality, fertilizing capacity, reactive oxygen species formation and the level of lipid peroxidation were analyzed by computer assisted semen analyzer, eosin-nigrosin stain, hypoosmotic swelling test, chemiluminescence and thiobarbituric acid method, respectively, during sperm processing, cryopreservation and thawing. Results: The sperm motility was only increased in proportion to the concentration of acetylcarnitine with no statistical significance (p>0.05). The sperm vitality was also significantly improved in proportion to the concentration of acetylcarnitine with statistical significance (p<0.05). The sperm fertilizing capacity was significantly increased in proportion to the concentration of L-carnitine and acetylcarnitine and reactive oxygen species generation and lipid peroxidation were significantly decreased with same fashion (p<0.05). On comparison of effects between L-carnitine and acetylcarnitine, acetylcarnitine was superior to L-carnitine on the improvement of sperm motility and vitality as well as the suppression of reactive oxygen species generation and lipid peroxidation. Conclusions: These results suggest that carnitine derivatives have a scavenging effect against oxidative damages during sperm processing, cryopreservation and thawing. Therefore, carnitine derivatives may be useful as an oral antioxidant in patients with male infertility due to increased ROS generation.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.14-26
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• 2016

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhizae Radix extract (SME) on endotoxin shock.Methods : We used two models; LPS-induced sepsis model for in vivo model, and murine peritoneal macrophages responses for in vitro. SME was administrated orally to mice. After 1 hr, LPS was injected intraperitoneally. Survival rate was checked each time per 12 hr for 5 days. Mice were sacrificed 3 hr after LPS injection, then blood samples and organs were harvested. Cytokines secretion was measured by ELISA. Organs tissues were observed with microscope. Murine peritoneal macrophages were cultured for 1 hr either in a medium alone or in a medium that contained SME, as indicated. Then, the cells were treated with LPS for 24 hr. mRNA levels of cytokines were measured by real-time RT-PCR. Cytokine levels in the supernatants were measured by ELISA. The amount of nitrite was measured by using the Griess method to evaluate NO production. The cell lysates were analysed by Western blotting using antibodies for iNOS and β-actin was used as an internal control to monitor equal protein loading.Results : SME improverd the survival rate of mice model. SME inhibited the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and organs damages on Endotoxin Shock model. SME suppressed cytokine expression, cytokine secretion,NO production, iNOS expression in LPS-induced murine peritoneal macrophages.Conclusions : The results suggest that SME has protective effects on endotoxin shock through suppression of inflammatory cytokines, organ damages, NO production and so on.