• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2011

The exhibition industry, as technology-intensive, eco-friendly industry, contributes to regional and national development and enhancement of its image as well, if it joins cultural and tourist industry. Therefore, We need to revitalize the exhibition industry, as actively holding an exhibition event. However, to attract a number of exhibition audience, the work of enhancing audience satisfaction and awareness of value for participation should be prioritized after improving quality of service within exhibition hall. As one way to enhance the quality of service, it is thought that the way providing personalized service geared toward each audience is needed. that is, if audience avoids the complexity in exhibition space and it affords them service to enable effective time and space management, it will improve the satisfaction. All such personalized service affordable lets the audience's preference on the basis of each audience profile registered in advance online grasp. and Based on this information, it is provided with exhibition-related information suited their purpose that is the booth for the interesting audience, the shortest path to go to the booth and event via audience's smart phone. and it collects audience's reaction information, such as visiting the booth, participating the event through offered the information in this way and location information for the flow of movement, the present position so that it makes revision of existing each audience profile. After correcting the information, it extracts the individual's preference. hereunder, it provides recommend booth and event information. in other words, it provides optimal information for individual by amendment based on reaction information about recommending information built on basic profile. It provides personalized service dynamic and interactive with audience. This paper will be able to provide the most suitable information for each audience through circular and interactive structure and designed smart-phone application supportable for updating dynamic and interactive personalized service that is able to afford surrounding information in real time, as locating movement position through sensing. The proposed application collects user‘s context information and carrys information gathering function collecting the reaction about searched or provided information via sensing. and it also carrys information gathering function providing needed data for user in exhibition hall. In other words, it offers information about recommend booth of position foundation for user, location-based services of recommend booth and involves service providing detailed information for inside exhibition by using service of augmented reality, the map of whole exhibition as well. and it is also provided with SNS service that is able to keep information exchange besides intimacy. To provide this service, application is consisted of several module. first of all, it includes UNS identity module for sensing, and contain sensor information gathering module handling and collecting the perceived information through this module. Sensor information gathered like this transmits the information gathering server. and there is exhibition information interfacing with user and this module transmits to interesting information collection module through user's reaction besides interface. Interesting information collection module transmits collected information and If valid information out of the information gathering server that brings together sensing information and interesting information is sent to recommend server, the recommend server makes recommend information through inference with gathered valid information. If this server transmit by exhibition information process, exhibition information process module is provided with user by interface. Through this system it raises the dynamic, intelligent personalized service for user.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.528-533
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• 2014

Recently, people interest in environmental pollution and attempt to improve the indoor air quality contaminated with various pollutants since it is very important to construct healthy and comfortable living environment. In the current study, we used the technology that has first received the certification of green technology for improving the removal efficiency of malodor causing substances. This green technology is a new technology to increase the reactivity of the odorous substances with OH radicals for oxidation reaction by using an infrared lamp in the existing air purification system. Comparing the efficiency of the green technology with the infrared lamp to that of the existing technology of air cleaner, there was a difference in the decomposition efficiency depending on the initial concentrations and speciation of the odorous substances. The removal efficiencies of contaminants were enhanced by 16.9 and 13.2% at low and high concentrations, respectively.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.121-132
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• 2008

Recently, there is a growing interest in promoting safe and convenient roadway and traffic conditions for elderly drivers. This paper analyzed the driving characteristics, self recognition, and any inconvenience of elderly drivers over age 65 through an extensive survey, and drew some action plans to improve the driving conditions for elderly drivers. Survey results showed that the major trip purposes of the elderly driver were found to be commuting(50%) and business(33%), and this pattern was similar to the general drivers. The elderly drivers are interested in "safety", but "brand recognition" was the more important factor for the general drivers in the process of vehicle selection. The elderly drivers had no technical skill difference in driving as compared to the general drivers, but they fully recognized the physical deterioration such as reaction time and sight distance. In addition, the elderly drivers had a tendency to feel psychological contraction as to high workload driving conditions, thus it was necessary to make safe driving conditions by improving the design elements of traffic control devices on the roadways including visibility.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.245-251
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• 2015

Alternative hosts increase the difficulty of disease management in crops because these alternate hosts provide additional sources of primary inoculum or refuges for diversity in the pathogen gene pool. Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass), Bromus inermis (smooth bromegrass), Pascopyrum smithii (western wheatgrass), Stipa viridula (green needlegrass), and Thinopyrum intermedium (intermediate wheatgrass), commonly identified in range, prairie, verge, and soil reclamation habitats, serve as additional hosts for Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, the cause of tan spot in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A. cristatum (five lines), B. inermis (seven lines), P. smithii (four lines), S. viridula (two lines), and T. intermedium (six lines) were tested for their reactions to 30 representative P. tritici-repentis isolates from races 1-5. Plants were grown until the two-three-leaf stage in a greenhouse, inoculated individually with the 30 isolates, held at high humidity for 24 h, and rated after 7 days. All lines developed lesion types 1-2 (resistant) based on a 1-5 rating scale. Also, leaves from an additional plant set were infiltrated with two host selective toxins, Ptr ToxA as a pure preparation and Ptr ToxB as a dilute crude culture filtrate. All lines were insensitive to the toxins. Results indicate that these grass hosts have a limited or nonsignificant role in tan spot epidemiology on wheat in the northern Great Plains. Additionally, the resistant reactions demonstrated by the grass species in this research indicate the presence of resistance genes that can be valuable to wheat breeding programs for improving wheat resistance to P. tritici-repentis.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.5-12
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• 2011

This study was focused on the reactivity of furnace slag against cadmium to design the vertical drain method with reactive column for improving contaminated sea shore sediment. The kinetic sorption test was performed by changing the initial concentration and pH. Using pseudo-second-order model, the reactivity of furnace slag was quantitatively analyzed. Equilibrium removal amount ($q_e$) of furnace slag increased and rate constant ($k_2$) decreased with the increase of initial cadmium concentration. With the increase of pH, the equilibrium removal amount ($q_e$) and rate constant ($k_2$) increased in the same initial concentration. Required retention time was related to the inverse of the product of the equilibrium removal amount ($q_e$) multiplied by rate constant ($k_2$). The required retention time could be used to design the length of reactive column.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to analyze the effects of an exercise program on body composition and physical fitness of obese female college students. Method: Data was collected from September 29, 2003 to December, 29, 2003. The research design was arandomized control group pretest-posttest experimental design. The subjects were college nursing students at K University. Forty four students, 20 in the experimental group and 24 ina control group, with more than $30\%$ body fat were randomly assigned. The subjects in the experimental group participated in an exercise program for 12 weeks, sixty minutes per session, five times per week. Body composition and physical fitness was measured by a body composition analyzer, cardiovascular endurance, muscle endurance, muscle strength(grip strength, back strength), flexibility, balance, agility(whole body reaction time) and power(standing long jump). Result: Body weight(F=4.76, p=0.035), body fat(kg)(F=5.68, p=0.022) and body mass index(F=5.73, p=0.021) of the experimental group were significantly different from the control group, but there were no significant differences in body fat($\%$), lean body mass, muscle mass and WHR. Back strength(F=6.50, p=0.015), flexibility(F=14.62, p=0.000), muscle endurance(F=7.98, p=0.007), power(F=5.76, p=0.02l) and balance(F=2.46, p=0.018) of the experimental group were significantly different from the control group, but there were no significant differences in cardiovascular endurance, grip strength or agility. Conclusiton: The exercise program was effective in improving body weight, body fat(kg), body mass index, back strength, muscle endurance, flexibility, balance and power of obese female college students.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.19-29
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• 2015

This study was conducted with the purpose of suggesting the improvement plan of political for activating the Geo-Spatial Big Data Services. To this end, we were review the previous research for Geo-Spatial Big Data and analysis domestic and foreign Geo-Spatial Big Data propulsion system and policy enforcement situation. As a result, we have deduced the problem of insufficient policy of reaction for future Geo-Spatial Big Data, personal information protection and political basis service activation, relevant technology and policy, system for Geo-Spatial Big Data application and establishment, low leveled open government data and sharing system. In succession, we set up a policy direction for solving derived problems and deducted 5 policy issues : setting up a Geo-Spatial Big Data system, improving relevant legal system, developing technic related to Geo-Spatial Big Data, promoting business supporting Geo-Spatial Big Data, creating a convergence sharing system about public DB.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.55-71
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• 2011

Objectives : The purposes of this preliminary study was to examine the feasibility of recruiting women into a clinical trial designed to examine the effects of acupuncture in treating urinary incontinence (UI) in premenopausal women with delivery history and the feasibility of performing the study procedures. We also tried to determine if there was preliminary evidence to suggest that acupuncture may be effective in reducing UI and improving disease-specific quality of life. Methods : This study was a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Subjects between the ages of 20 and 49 years were randomly assigned to a treatment(n=11) or control group(n=11) and analyzed. Both groups were supposed to do Kegel exercise at home during 4 weeks and acupuncture was applied to the treatment group twice a week(8 sessions) additionally. Subjects performed 1 hour pad test and completed a 3-day urination diary, international consultation on incontinence modular questionnaire(ICIQ), and incontinence - quality of life(I-QOL) at base line and 5 weeks. Results : Both group showed improvement in 1 hour pad test and the reducing amount of UI was significantly larger in treatment group(p=0.0182). The significant improvements in ICIQ and I-QOL were also observed in treatment group and sustained until the follow-up measurement at 16 weeks. Any adverse reaction related to acupuncture did not happen. Conclusions : It was feasible to recruit subjects and perform the study procedures. The positive results of this study support the requirement for additional research investigating the efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of UI in women.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.129-138
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• 1999

If rumen bacteria can be manipulated to utilize nutrients (i.e., ammonia and plant cell wall carbohydrates) more completely and efficiently, the need for protein supplementation can be reduced or eliminated and the digestion of fiber in forage or agricultural residue-based diets could be enhanced. However, these approaches require a complete and accurate description of the rumen community, as well as methods for the rapid and accurate detection of microbial density, diversity, phylogeny, and gene expression. Molecular ecology techniques based on small subunit (SSU) rRNA sequences, nucleic acid probes and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can potentially provide a complete description of the microbial ecology of the rumen of ruminant animals. The development of these molecular tools will result in greater insights into community structure and activity of gut microbial ecosystems in relation to functional interactions between different bacteria, spatial and temporal relationships between different microorganisms and between microorganisms and reed panicles. Molecular approaches based on SSU rRNA serve to evaluate the presence of specific sequences in the community and provide a link between knowledge obtained from pure cultures and the microbial populations they represent in the rumen. The successful development and application of these methods promises to provide opportunities to link distribution and identity of gastrointestinal microbes in their natural environment with their genetic potential and in situ activities. The use of approaches for assessing pupulation dynamics as well as for assessing community functionality will result in an increased understanding and a complete description of the gastrointestinal communities of production animals fed under different dietary regimes, and lead to new strategies for improving animal growth.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.67-73
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Lespedeza Caneata (LC) extracts on atopic dermatitis. For the experiment, mice were divided into a normal group, an AD group, and AD-LC groups (100 mg/Kg, 300 mg/Kg, and 500 mg/Kg). For the AD and AD-LC groups, 1% DNCB $200{\mu}{\ell}$ was applied at a hair-removed site for 2 weeks, and then 0.1% DNCB $150{\mu}{\ell}$ was applied every 2 days for 4 weeks. Skin thickness is a symptom of atopic dermatitis, and in this experiment, the AD group had the thickest skins, and the AD-LC group (500 mg/Kg) had the same skin thickness as the normal group. Mast cells show inflammatory reaction, and in this experiment, the AD group had the largest number of mast cells. Collagen fibers are usually observed on normal skins, and in this experiment, the AD-LC group (500 mg/Kg) had a uniform level of those fibers. Based on the study results, it turned out that LC extracts have the anti-atopic efficacy improving keratinization, erosion, and uredo.