• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.30 no.B
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• pp.125-135
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• 2010

The influences on water quality of each river by effluents from environmental facilities $located^{*}$ in 14 unit watersheds of North- and South-Han River, and Gyungan-cheon were analyzed. Also, the water quality modeling for study area was carried out to analyze the improvement effect of water quality by the strengthening of T-P effluent standard of environmental facilities. For the calibration and verification of model, water quality data and effluent loading calculated for 2006 were used. Data of low water period were used for calibration, and normal water period for verification. The results of calibration and verification were well matched with the real water quality dataset of revers. Also, the validity of the results were estimated using RI (Reliability Index) method. When the T-P effluent standards for environmental facilities were strengthened, T-P concentrations were predicted to improve from $0.025mg/{\ell}$ to $0.023mg/{\ell}$ in the outlet location of North-Han River, from $0.056mg/{\ell}$ to $0.040mg/{\ell}$ for South-Han River,and from $0.233mg/{\ell}$ to $0.146mg/{\ell}$ for Gyungan-cheon. Also, the T-P concentrations of tributaries including Jojong-cheon, Dal-cheong, Sumgang, Chungmi-cheon, Bokha-cheon, Heuk-cheon, and Wonju-cheon were predicted to improve from $0.063mg/{\ell}$ to $0.010mg/{\ell}$, from $0.091mg/{\ell}$ to $0.053mg/{\ell}$, from $0.199mg/{\ell}$ to $0.100mg/{\ell}$, from $0.168mg/{\ell}$ to $0.148mg/{\ell}$, from $0.186mg/{\ell}$ to $0.105mg/{\ell}$, from $0.019mg/{\ell}$ to $0.013mg/{\ell}$, and from $0.822mg/{\ell}$ to $0.236mg/{\ell}$, respectively.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2020

Background: The elevated risk of occupational infection such as tuberculosis among health workers in many countries raises the question of whether the quality of occupational health and safety (OHS) and infection prevention and control (IPC) can be improved by auditing. The objectives of this study were to measure (1) audited compliance of primary health-care facilities in South Africa with national standards for OHS and IPC, (2) change in compliance at reaudit three years after baseline, and (3) the inter-rater reliability of the audit. Methods: The study analyzed audits of 60 primary health-care facilities in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Baseline external audits in the time period 2011-2012 were compared with follow-up internal audits in 2014-2015. Audits at 25 facilities that had both internal and external audits conducted in 2014/2015 were used to measure reliability. Results: At baseline, 25% of 60 facilities were "noncompliant" (audit score<50%), 48% "conditionally compliant" (score >50 < 80%), and only 27% "compliant" (score >80%). Overall, there was no significant improvement in compliance three years after baseline. Percentage agreement on specific items between internal and external audits ranged from 28% to 92% and kappa from -0.8 to 0.41 (poor to moderate). Conclusion: Low baseline compliance with OHS-IPC measures and lack of improvement over three years reflect the difficulties of quality improvement in these domains. Low inter-rater reliability of the audit instrument undermines the audit process. Evidence-based investment of effort is required if repeat auditing is to contribute to occupational risk reduction for health workers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.610-614
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• 2008

In 2005, the revision of the Private Investment Law made the private investment objectives to extend a new area, such as institute and well-fare, military facilities by BTL(Build-Transfer-Lease). This revison will cause budget extension from 1.3 trillion to 1.6 trillion in military facilities BTL project Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the general problem of BTL and its cases. And then to be successful project, the problems must be improved. This study was focused on the improvement of regulations and analyzed the general problem from previous studies and the military projects. And then it conducted survey to soldiers for severity and performance. Finally it suggested the improvement of regulations of military facilities in BTL scheme from FGI.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.52-57
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• 2003

This study suggests several ways to improve the railroad facilities in the urban areas so as to maintain the urban railroad facilities and minimize their adverse impact on the roads around the facilities. Environmental problems such as noise and vibration can be minimized by constructing soundproofing walls and improving railway and train systems. To reduce the traffic congestion at the railroad crossings, current at-grade crossings should be changed to separated crossings. Moreover, the criteria by where railroad crossings are located should be revised. In the long term, the land use development for the railroad station and the surrounding areas needs to be changed. Several case studies of Japan's and France's major cities show the potential of successfully integrating the development of railroad facilities and their surrounding areas. In addition, there is a need to .consider institutional aspects, to improve the railroad facilities in the urban areas and to allow the integrated development of the railroad facilities and the surrounding areas.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.5-12
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• 2001

As the exiting school facilities become old and unfit for new curriculum, the systematical remodelling process based on its educational and physical functions is required. due to the inadequate maintenance and repairing practices, unnecessary costs are expended. Therefore, this study aims to establish a remodelling decision-making model for improving the educational environment of the existing school facilities. According to the budget system, it proposes the concept of remodelling that includes the activities of extension, reconstruction, repair and improvement. This study classifies the performance evaluation for school facilities as that of safety, durability and educational function, and articulates the assessment standards, methods and elements. In the end, it suggests a rational model for remodelling decision-making that can provide efficient and comprehensive remodelling process, economic and sustainable school development.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.247-253
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• 2005

In this stydy, the characteristics of the spatial location based on rural environment pollution facilities which can cause environmental pollution and thus lower the value of rural amenity was analyzed. This study showed that livestock feedlot occupied the highest percentage among the facilities analyzed and the size of facilities increased with increasing distance from the residential area. In addition, the facilities showed two typical characteristics in terms of their spatial distribution; uneven and even distribution which are characterized by concentrated distribution in a certain area and by scattered distribution in a wide area, respectively. As the facilities including livestock feedlot have a great potential to cause environmental problem such as air, water, soil and noise pollution, it is necessary to develop systematic plans for the management and improvement of the facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.21-32
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• 2008

The major issues that higher education has recently faced are the shortage of students of school age, the changing environment of higher education and the evolving technology. These challenges have urged the university facilities and space to be managing more efficient and more effective. This study assures that the strong strategy is to operate more like business while retaining unique higher education values and a sound facilities management system and appropriate budget help to ensure that university facilities are good for student and teacher's demand. With such faith, this study explores the facilities/space maintaining status and the facility management system of national universities and collages. It finds that there are some problems to adapt new managing methodologies in national universities and that there are also some gaps and perceived constraints to effective space management. This study proposes the alternatives for the facilities managing system that involves the improvement of manpower structure, the expansion of budget scale and the establishment of appropriate facility management system. Finally it provides the practical tools for the effective space and facilities management such as space charging, space standards, central timetabling, space utilisation survey and facilities performance indication.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.15-24
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• 2006

The 7th National Curriculum requires the part of a school library for supporting porformance evaluation, optional actives, and extracurricular activities. The school library which is very important part of school education needs support of necessary resources and adequate facilities for performing its functions effectively and efficiently. This reserch is based on the school library for present education to need. And, the objective of this reserch is to grasp the present condition of school library and to show improvement device for planning efficiently the time when school library is designed in future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 1999

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the Rural Settlement Development(RSD) driven by government in historical view, and its effects on the facilities and houses of rural village in the country. Through the study, we have come to the results that the major concerns of the RSD projects since 1950s has been transferred to as following. First, the reformation of inter-facility; dressing room, kitchen, bath-house, etc of rural houses, from that of outer facility; roof, fence and etc. Secondly, the substantial objects of the projects of village settlement improvement have been changed from partial reformation of individual houses, public facilities, etc early, to comprehensive reformation by master plan for village settlement recently. Lastly, those have been established that the process of planning village settlement available to carry out landuse division and the various program for village improvement, based on its inherent circumstances.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.107-112
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• 2005

Renovation of existing sports facilities or construction of temporary ones for international complex games requires a wide variety of hundreds of sub construction projects to be awarded at the same time but there are few precedents required regarding the study of tendering process required in such cases. As award of construction contracts to build sports facilities for various international complex games is a critical determinant of fate of international complex games in the initial phase, it is very critical that adequate construction tendering process bedetermined. This research is aimed to study tendering cases for renovation or construction of critical international sports facilities to enhance efficiency of facility construction and define most reasonable tendering approach to satisfy schedule constraints often associated with international complex games and contribute to improvement of international competitiveness of their host cities and propose a direction for further development. This study also provides inputs to subsequent sports events of comparable scale to minimize trial and error.