• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.149-152
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• 1986

The effects of polyphosphates (STP, TSPP, SAPP and SHMP) and heart on phyrsicochemical properties of a restructured pork product were studied. Among phosphates studied, no significant differences were found in TBA value and WHC while STP and TSPP showed a significantly better effect on the reduction of cooking loss than SAPP and SHMP. When the products with beef heart (5%, 10%, and 15%) were compared with beef organoleptically, texture and color of the products showed no difference from those of beef regardless of levels of heart. Juiciness was better and cooking loss was lower in the products with heart than in beef. When pork heart was added, cooking loss and TBA value were not significantly different among products with different levels of heart (5%,7.5% and 10%). Color and juiciness were improved significantly with 7.5%, and 10% levels compared to 5% level. The measurements by a color difference meter showed that the improvement of color was mainly due to the increase in redness of tilt product.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.387-393
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• 1988

Changes in chemical composition, viscosity and color during fermentation of improved Kochoojang from four starch sources (wheat, barley, rice and glutinous rice) were examined. Analyses included measurements of moisture, reducing sugars, amino nitrogen, pH, total acidity, viscosity, color and sensory panel scores for viscosity, color, odor and taste. Changes in chemical composition were similar for all Kochoojang products. Decrease in viscosity was greatest during the first 10 days of fermentation. Hunter tristimulus values decreased gradually during fermentation, and total color difference after 60 days was greatest for rice flour Kochoojang. Sensory evaluation showed that the viscosity of rice flour Kochoojang was less desirable than that of the others. However, no significant differences were found in color, odor and taste of all Kochoojang products. A high negative correlation was observed between Hunter a value and visual preference.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.65-74
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• 2017

North Korea is one of the high vulnerable countries facing the threat of natural disaster and has experienced more frequent disasters in recent years. These disasters have significantly led to food shortages and large reductions in crop yields. In 2015, both North Korean officials and international agencies had identified the extreme drought event, the worst in one hundred years according to the North Korean government. The objective of this study was an assessment of the extreme drought events in 2014~2015, and to apply climatic drought indices for drought monitoring in North Korea. Characteristics of the extreme drought in North Korea are examined by using the weekly-based Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The drought characteristics illustrated by the SPEI results are compared with a Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) results and drought impact information to understand how these indices can explain the drought conditions within the country. These results demonstrated that the SPEI could be an effective tool to provide improved spatial and temporal drought conditions to inform management decisions for drought policy.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.881-886
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to Investigate the effects of green tea catechin on changes of mineral contents in chronic cadmium-poisoned rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100 $\pm$ 10g were randomly assigned one of normal group and three cadmium poisoned groups. Cadmium groups were classified to catechin free diet(Cd-0C group), 0.25% catechin diet(Cd-0.25C group) and 0.5% catechin diet(Cd-0.5C group) according to the levels of catechin supplement. Animals were raised for 20 weeks. Cadmium was supplied in drinking water which contained 50ppm Cd$^{2+}$. Effects of catechin were analyzed on changes of mineral contents in chronic cadmium poisoned rats by determining the calcium accumulation in bones, blood, urine and faces and phosphorus In blood and urine. Cd-poisoning inducted the decrease of red blood cell(RBC), white blood cell(WBC), contents of blood hemoglobin and hematocrit, but the levels of those indices were increased by catechin supplementation. The contents of tibia and femur in Cd-0C group was significantly lower than in normal group, but those of catechin supplemetation group was similar to normal group. The calcium contents of urine and faces were higher in Cd-poisoned groups than in normal group, but they was lowered by catechin supplementation. The phosphorus contents of blood and urine in Cd-0C group was significantly lower than in normal group, but that of catechin supplementation group was similar to normal group. Catechin supplementation improved the calcium metabolism in chronic cadmium poisoned rats by increasing the contents of minerals such as calcium and phosphorus in blood and femur and by lowering the urinary and fecal calcium.m.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.34-49
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate nutrition intake and diet quality according to beverage consumption status in elementary school students (ESS = 317), middle-school students (MSS = 431), and high-school students (HSS = 373). We analyzed data from the combined 2007-2008 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Subjects were divided into two groups, the non-beverage group and the beverage intake group according to beverage intake from drink types (fruit-vegetable drinks, carbonated drinks, and dairy drinks). Intake of dairy drinks was significantly lower in the carbonated drinks intake (CDI) group, compared with the non-CDI group in the MSS group. Intake of vitamin C was significantly higher in the fruit-vegetable drinks intake (FVDI) group, compared with the non-FVDI group. Intake of Ca and P was significantly lower in the CDI group, compared with the non-CDI group. Intake of vitamin B2, Ca, and P was significantly higher in the dairy drinks intake (DDI) group, compared with the non-DDI group. The mean adequacy ratio (MAR) of the FVDI group and the DDI group was significantly higher than those of the non-FVDI and non-DDI group. In diet quality, nutrients less than 1 on the index of nutritional quality (INQ) were significantly higher in the CDI group, compared with the non-CDI group. In conclusion, consumption of carbonated drinks dropped the diet quality however, consumption of fruit-vegetable drinks and dairy drinks improved the diet quality of micronutrients. Therefore, a well-planned diet must be used for replacement of nutrients lost from excessive intake of carbonated beverages during a time in life when growth is especially prominent.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.516-527
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate belief and attitudes on breastfeeding of physicians and nurses. A questionnaire was mailed to obstetricians, pediatricians and nurses at the department of pediatrics or obstetrics of university hospital and private hospital in Seoul and Choong-Chung Province) in South Korea. Total numbers of study subjects were 346 (pediatrician 67, obstetrician 41, nurse 238). The results were as follows : 1. The main reasons not to educate breast feeding in the hospitals were a lack of interest of the health professionals, a lack of educators and education programs. 2. The respondents thought that the best ways for lactating mother to get advices about breastfeeding during the first month were to give a call to health professionals in the hospitals where she had been delivered, or call to relatives or friends. 3. Breastfeeding attitudes of physicians and nurses did not differ according to gender, job, or type of the hospitals they work. 4. Breastfeeding attitudes were related with personal breastfeeding experience, breastfeeding knowledge, extracurricular education experience, encouragement experience. Physicians and nurses should give appropriate advices and support to lactating mothers to increase breastfeeding rate. They were, however, ill-prepared to counsel breastfeeding mothers. Therefore, it is necessary to instruct breastfeeding in the curriculum of the medical and nursing schools, and incorporate clinically based breastfeeding training into continuing education workshops. Improved breastfeeding education is a critical step in ensuring that health professionals are adequately prepared for this important role.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.208-214
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• 2010

The objective of this research was to analyze nutritional status and food consumption of children participating in the Posyandu nutrition program. A total sample of 300 children under five years had been drawn. Sample was divided into two categories namely high participation and low participation in the Posyandu nutrition program. The sample was selected from two sub districts of Cianjur District, West Java. The districts were areas with a high proportion of poor people and many of them take the benefits of Posyandu nutrition program conducted by the government. The participation of children (under five years old) in visiting Posyandus was relatively good, namely, 92.4% (for the high participation group). However, for the low participation group, the number of participating children was relatively low (28.3%). The average consumption of energy for children under five years old was still below the recommended dietary allowance < 80% of RDA, whereas the protein consumption was already above the RDA. The prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting among children were respectively 30.0%, 43.7%, and 12.3%. The activities at Posyandus had a positive impact on the nutritional status of children under five years olds, measured in terms of weight for age (W/A) and weight for height (W/H). The more frequent the visit to Posyandus, the better the nutritional statuses would be.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.381-387
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Vascular dementia (VaD) caused by reduced blood supply to the brain manifests as white matter lesions accompanying demyelination and glial activation. We previously showed that arabinoxylan consisting of arabinose and xylose, and arabinose itself attenuated white matter injury in a rat model of VaD. Here, we investigated whether larch arabinogalactan (LAG) consisting of arabinose and galactose could also reduce white matter injury. MATERIALS/METHODS: We used a rat model of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO), in which the bilateral common carotid arteries were exposed and ligated permanently with silk sutures. The rats were fed a modified AIN-93G diet supplemented with LAG (100 mg/kg/day) for 5 days before and 4 weeks after being subjected to BCCAO. Four weeks after BCCAO, the pupillary light reflex (PLR) was measured to assess functional consequences of injury in the corpus callosum (cc). Additionally, Luxol fast blue staining and immunohistochemical staining were conducted to assess white matter injury, and astrocytic and microglial activation, respectively. RESULTS: We showed that white matter injury in the the cc and optic tract (opt) was attenuated in rats fed diet supplemented with LAG. Functional consequences of injury reduction in the opt manifested as improved PLR. Overall, these findings indicate that LAG intake protects against white matter injury through inhibition of glial activation. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study support our hypothesis that cell wall polysaccharides consisting of arabinose are effective at protecting white matter injury, regardless of their origin. Moreover, LAG has the potential for development as a functional food to prevent vascular dementia.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2005

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine serum antioxidant nutrients and the relationship between serum antioxidants and risks of chronic diseases in obese Korean children Methods: Normal weight Korean school children (0=170), mean age of 11.5$\pm$1.5, and obese (body fat mass > $28\%$) children (0=176), mean age of 11.0$\pm$1.8, were recruited Fat mass ($\%$) was determnined by Bioelectrical Impedance (BEI), and body mass index (BMI) was calculated Fasting blood was collected to measure serum antioxidant nutrients, vitamin A, vitamin E and zinc. Serum lipid profiles including total cholesterol (TC), high density cholesterol (HDL) and triglyceride (TG), and blood glucose, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPI) were also determined. Differences in serum blood measurements between obese and normal children were assessed by independent t test. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between variables. Results: Blood glucose, GPT, total cholesterol, and triglycerides concentrations were significantly higher among obese boys, compared to normal boys (p<005). Significantly lower concentrations of serum vitamin E, after adjustment for TG and TC, was shown in obese boys (0.26 mg/mg) and obese girls (0.31 mg/mg), compared to normal boys (0.36 mg/mg) and girls (0.38 mg/mg) (p<0.05). Fat mass ($\%$) was negatively con-elated with serum vitamin A and vitamin E. Conclusion: Obese Korean children showed insufficient serum vitamin E concentration and increased risk for diabetes, atherosclerosis, and liver disease. Since lower vitamin E concentration was negatively con-elated with atherogenic index, improved vitamin E status in children may decrease the risk of atherosclerosis later in life.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.188-202
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Brain aging is a major risk factor for severe neurodegenerative diseases. Conversely, L-histidine and L-carnosine are known to exhibit neuroprotective effects. The aim of this study was to examine the potential for L-histidine, L-carnosine, and their combination to mediate anti-brain aging effects in neuronal cells subjected to D-galactose-induced aging. MATERIALS/METHODS: The neuroprotective potential of L-histidine, L-carnosine, and their combination was examined in a retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiated SH-SY5Y cell line exposed to D-galactose (200 mM) for 48 h. Neuronal cell proliferation, differentiation, and expression of anti-oxidant enzymes and apoptosis markers were subsequently evaluated. RESULTS: Treatment with L-histidine (1 mM), L-carnosine (10 mM), or both for 48 h efficiently improved the proliferation, neurogenesis, and senescence of D-galactose-treated SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, protein expression levels of both neuronal markers (β tubulin-III and neurofilament heavy protein) and anti-oxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase-1 and superoxide dismutase-1 were up-regulated. Conversely, protein expression levels of amyloid β (1-42) and cleaved caspase-3 were down-regulated. Levels of mRNA for the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α were also down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, we provide the first evidence that L-histidine, L-carnosine, and their combination mediate anti-aging effects in a neuronal cell line subjected to D-galactose-induced aging. These results suggest the potential benefits of L-histidine and L-carnosine as anti-brain aging agents and they support further research of these amino acid molecules.