• 영어영문학
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.551-564
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• 2018

Laodiceanism is the blueprint from which Hardy draws one of his most ingenuous effects: the creating of a Laodicean around which the novel constructs its ambiguity. Hardy's command of "ingenuity" joins both the leading heroine Paula and the minor character Dare into the same category of a Laodicean. Alongside Paula, Dare is the most important ingredient in the novel in that he acts as an enigmatic persona defying the reader's attempts to establish a coherent type. This paper aims to offer a close reading of Dare's life story, which is chosen for discussion as he has been deemed as a simple functionary and thus apparently escaped serious critical notice thus far. It is stressed that the structure of sensations Dare embodies is fascinating in the sense that it is a locus where the coexistence of both meaning and nonmeaning would not amount to harmonious peace or stability so much as permits the impossibility of single and central significance. In this coexistence is inscribed a notion that the binaries in opposition are endlessly inter-mingled in dialogic tension, which is the hallmark of Laodiceanism that Hardy aims to present through the creation of Dare.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.587-599
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• 2011

이 연구에서는 '생각하는 과학' 활동을 경험한 중학생들이 이를 경험하지 못한 통제집단과 비교하여 변인 통제 전략의 적용과 변인의 효과를 추론하는 능력에 대해 분석하였다. 연구 결과 변인 통제 전략 유형은 조작변인의 인식과 변인 통제의 여부에 따라 변인 통제전략 성공형, 변인 통제전략 미완성형, 부분통제형, 통제 불가능형, 변인 통제전략 실패형으로 구분하였다. 실험집단이 통제집단에 비해 변인 통제 전략을 보다 정화하고 효과적으로 사용하였다. 직관적으로 알 수 있는 변인의 효과 추론 능력을 분석한 결과 가역적 사고가 가능한지의 여부와 변인의 효과를 추론할 수 있는지에 따라 변인효과 추론 가능형, 변인효과 추론 불가능형, 가역적 사고 불가능형으로 구분하여 유형화하였다. 실험집단 학생들이 변인효과 추론 가능형에서 통제집단보다 두 배 이상 많았다. 보상논리 조작을 포함하는 가역적 사고가 가능한 학생들은 형식적 조작기 이상의 학생들에게서 가능하였다. 직관적으로 얻기 힘든 변인의 효과를 추론하는 능력은 두 집단 모두 형식적 조작기 후기에 도달한 인지 수준의 비율과 비슷하였으며, 추론에 성공한 학생들의 비율은 실험집단이 통제집단 학생들 보다 1.5배 정도 더 많았다. 따라서 변인 통제능력과 변인을 추론하는 능력을 향상시키기 위해서는 '생각하는 과학' 활동 프로그램이 큰 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 한국연극학
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• 제53호
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• pp.57-87
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• 2014

This article re-reads the messages of the text, 'Incendies', the uncanny actions and the strange words of protagonist Nawal, through the ideas of Jacques Lacan, particularly his notion of sexuation with posing questions about most of the previous reviews which are based on femininity or motherhood. For Lacan, masculinity and femininity are not biological essences but symbolic positions, and the assumption of one of these two positions is fundamental to the construction of subjectivity. So 'man' and 'woman' are merely signifiers that stand for these two subjective positions. Each side is defined by both an affirmation and a negation of the phallic function, by both an inclusion and exclusion of absolute non-phallic jouissance. Unlike the man, the woman is 'not-all' identified with the phallic function, demonstrating the undecidability and impossibility of totalising the woman. Although the woman is bound to do castration through being subject to the phallic function, she is also related to the signifier of the barred Other, S(Ⱥ) which stands for a gap or lack in the Other. Thus, as a consequence of not being entirely within the symbolic, she has an Other Jouissance, Feminine Jouissance, because it's possible to face emptiness of the Symbolic, the Real only in the place of the woman for new Ethics/Politics. This paper finds that Nawal is not completely defined by the phallic function and she is a subject of death drive that practices the signifying cut with passing through the fantasy as a screen for the desire of the Other. Nawal is situated on the position of the woman as 'not-all' unlike masculinity in Lacanian sexuation. This article shows that her strange acts are love, that is the true ethical acts. Above all her acts are related to the ethics of pure desire beyond the ethics of the Good of Aristotle. In that sense the character of Nawal of 'Incendies' is similar to the one of 'Antigone' as a character in all aspects. In psychoanalysis they all are true subjects that face a void, emptiness in a symbolic structure. They assume underlying impossibility of being/the Symbolic. They don't represent the images of compromise and peace in the normally accepted meaning of the word. A love that they show is not compassion but blind recognition of the excluded, embracing uniqueness of the excluded. This thesis finds resultingly Nawal's acts which can't be understood from viewpoint of feminism practice the ethics of the real, the politics of the real.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제52권
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• pp.1-29
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• 2018

'선물'은 서양 문화의 이해에서 핵심적인 코드 중 하나이다. 이 글에서는 선물에 대한 연구에서 혁혁한 업적을 남긴 모스, 데리다, 리쾨르의 선물론을 비교, 분석함으로써, 선물 자체에 대한 이해와 이 개념과 밀접하게 관련이 있는 '용서' 개념의 이해를 위한 초석을 놓고자 한다. 모스에 따르면 선물은 없다. 선물은 주는 것, 받는 것, 갚는 것이라는 세 가지 의무의 지배를 받는 경제적 교환으로 이해된다. 다만 모스는 주는 것이 의무라는 점에 주목하면서 도덕 정립의 가능성을 제시한다. 데리다는 이론적으로 선물 이해의 폭을 최대한 확장시키고 있다. '시간'이라는 요소에 주목하면서 선물은 찰나적으로만 존재하고, 시간이 지나면 결국 경제적 교환이 되고 만다는 점, 곧 선물의 아포리아를 지적한다. 리쾨르는 선물 개념에 적용되는 등가성의 논리와 이를 바탕으로 이루어지는 '정의'를 벗어나 넘침의 논리에 입각한 '사랑'과 '초윤리' 정립의 가능성을 제시한다. 리쾨르는 또한 이런 선물 개념을 토대로 '용서' 개념을 제시함으로써 다수의 인간들이 살아가고 있는 이 세상에서 윤리가 힘을 얻고, 도덕과 인간성이 회복되는 사회를 지향하는 기획에의 동참을 촉구하고 있다.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.186-193
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• 2008

We propose a novel real-time obstacle avoidance method for rescue robots. This method, named the ELA(Emergency Level Around), permits the detection of unknown obstacles and avoids collisions while simultaneously steering the mobile robot toward safe position. In the ELA, we consider two sensor modules, PSD(Position Sensitive Detector) infrared sensors taking charge of obstacle detection in short distance and LMS(Laser Measurement System) in long distance respectively. Hence if a robot recognizes an obstacle ahead by PSD infrared sensors first, and judges impossibility to overcome the obstacle based on driving mode decision process, the order of priority is transferred to LMS which collects data of radial distance centered on the robot to avoid the confronted obstacle. After gathering radial information, the ELA algorithm estimates emergency level around a robot and generates a polar histogram based on the emergency level to judge where the optimal free space is. Finally, steering angle is determined to guarantee rotation to randomly direction as well as robot width for safe avoidance. Simulation results from wandering in closed local area which includes various obstacles and different conditions demonstrate the power of the ELA.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.68-75
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• 1997

In this paper, we propose the improved initial image estimation method for a fast fractal image decoding. When the correlation between a domain and a range is given as the linear equation, the value of initial image estimation using the conventional method is the intersection between its linear equation and y=x. If the gradient of linear equation is large, that the difference of the value between each adjacent pixels is large, the conventional method has disadvantage which has the impossibility of exact estimation. The method of the proposed initial image estimation performs well by two steps. he first step can improve the disadvantage of the conventional method. The second step upgrades the range value which was found previous step by referring information of its domain. Though the computational complexity for the initial image estimation increses slightly, the total computational complexity decreases by 30% than that of the conventional method because of diminishing in the number of iterations.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.224-238
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• 1998

확장된 마크흐름선도(EMFG: Extended Mark Flow Graph)는 이산 시스템을 개념적으로 또는 상세하게 설계할 수 있는 강력한 도구 일 뿐만 아니라 시스템을 직접적으로 구현하기 위한 적당한 표현이다. 그러나 EMFG의 다소 복잡한 표현으로 인해 수학적인 해석이 불가능하여 시스템의 설계나 해석에 어려움이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수학적인 해석이 가능하도록 EMFG의 표현을 재정의하였고, 표현 불가능한 부분이 가능하도록 트랜지션에 출력 역 아크를 도입하였다. 또한 EMFG의 회로변환에서 잘못 변환되는 부분들을 해결하였으며, 수식을 사용한 회로변환 방법을 제안하였다. 마지막으로 기존의 EMFG와 재정의된 EMFG를 비교하였고, 재정의된 EMFG로써 0101 감지기 회로를 설계하고 대응하는 회로로 변환하였다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1865-1873
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• 2017

The feature-based visual SLAM requires 3D positions for the extracted feature points to perform 3D-2D motion estimation. LiDAR can provide reliable and accurate 3D position information with low computational burden, while stereo camera has the problem of the impossibility of stereo matching in simple texture image region, the inaccuracy in depth value due to error contained in intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameter, and the limited number of depth value restricted by permissible stereo disparity. However, the sparsity of LiDAR data may increase the inaccuracy of motion estimation and can even lead to the result of motion estimation failure. Therefore, in this paper, we propose three interpolation methods which can be applied to interpolate sparse LiDAR data. Simulation results obtained by applying these three methods to a visual odometry algorithm demonstrates that the selective bilinear interpolation shows better performance in the view point of computation speed and accuracy.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제44권
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• pp.57-84
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• 2009

This Study attempts to compare and analyze on Principle of Change Circumstances under th CISG, PICC and PECL which are covered international commercial contract. In many international commercial contract, time is very important because delays in performance are sanctioned heavily by substantial penalty clauses. When change in circumstances affects contract performance, the contract will often not be suspended or terminated. Therefore, principle of change circumstances is being prepared of fluidity of contract environment and its effect in general. Taking into consideration the problems relating to the renegotiation or adaptation in the cases of radical change of circumstances where the CISG applies, it is suggested that the contracting parties should make clear their intentions, that is, whether they will provide for the possibility of renegotiation where the price of goods has been altered by inserting a hardship clause or for the possibility of mutual discharge from liability in the cases of economic impossibility or hardship by inserting a force majeure clause. Such provision will be desirable especially in situations where there is a long term contract, the price of goods sold tends to fluctuate in the international commerce, or where especially in contracts subjected to arbitration, the parties subject their contract to legal sources or principles of supranational character. Therefore, this study has shown that the hardship provisions in the CISG, PICC and PECL has similarities to each a validity defense and an excuse defense. it was provisions that CISG governs this issue in Article 79, PICC Article 6.2.1, 6.2.2, 6.2.3 and PECL Article 6.111.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2012

Purpose - The purpose of this research was to suggest purchasing decision factors through understanding the context of purchasing behavior and to figure out variables related to purchasing decision, purchasing cognition, and attitude. Research design / data / methodology - By random sampling, 200 consumers who are over 20, have purchased Digital·home appliance on TV home shopping, and have lived in the Seoul area were chosen as sample subjects. Questionnaires data were obtained from all subjects by self-administration method. Results - Result of analysis could be summarized as following. Analysis of the cognition of digital/home appliance product features, and influence of digital/home appliance product feature to purchasing intention are presented in the following order; price (3.50), diversity (3.10), brand (3.00). Also, analysis of the cognition of TV home shopping feature and influence of TV home shopping feature to purchasing of digital/home appliance are presented in the following order; awareness (3.63), safety of delivery (3.38), safety of transaction (3.28), product test (3.27). Conclusions - Purchasing attention of TV home shopping features presented difference in awareness, safety of delivery, safety of transaction, and product testing factors. In order to vitalize home shopping, impossibility of quality confirmation should be overcome and reinforcement of brand power should be considered.