• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.2 s.150
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• pp.221-232
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• 2006

The purposes of this paper were to identity the present condition of the imported fashion luxury brands' market arid to analyze the differences of marketing strategies according to the types of retailers. We selected 3 department stores, 5 luxury brands, 5 stores in Dongdeamun Market, and 5 internet luxury shopping malls, and conducted key informant survey to 20 experts. The brands in department stores consisted the goods according to VIPs' pre-orders, sales of the previous year, and fashion trends, and offered the differentiated customer services to VIPs. The stores in Dongdaemun Market bought the products from the parallel importers or imported the goods from the original nations of the brands by themselves. The goods in stock and steady sellers were comprised of the main portion of all products, and leather goods were dominated. The price of goods in stock was about $30\∼50\%$ lower than the normal price of department stores, but the new products' price was only about 10$\%$ lower than that of department stores. Luxury shopping malls could be classified into two types; one conducted both product buying and commission sale, and the other conducted commission sale only. In former case, however, the product buying portion was under 30$\%$. Product assortments and the price strategy were similar to the stores of Dongdeamun Market, and CRM was conducted partially.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.475-504
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• 2009

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze and investigate why and how these 4 factors (the images of country of origin, imported luxury brand, objective products' characteristics and Projective consumer's peculiarity) impact product preferences & purchasing intention of consumers who plan to buy "Imported Luxury Branded goods". For this study the research directions are: 1. To find each impact of Country of Origin and Brand image which influence "the preference of imported luxury brand items". 2. To analyze the difference of "the effects of Country or Origin" which impacts product preference when consumers buy imported luxury branded goods, which have different purchasing risks. 3. To verify the difference of products' characteristics that have different purchasing risks through comparing the image of country of origin and brand. 4. To analyze and compare "the purchasing behavior of Korean consumers" for achieving research universality. In order to verify that those 4 factors (the images of country of origin, imported luxury brand, objective products' characteristics and prospective consumer's peculiarity) impact on product preferences & purchasing intention of consumers, the linear structural equation model was developed. According to this research model, 9 hypotheses were designed.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.65-86
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• 2013

The purpose of this study compare the difference between purchaser of counterfeit goods and non-purchaser about how self-esteem and conformity influence upon purchase intention of luxury counterfeits goods. Until existing research on purchase intention of luxury counterfeit goods have focused on the consumers' sense of superiority such as conspicuous consumption, hedonic consumption and symbolic consumption. This thesis, however, has focused on individual's psychological variables such as self-esteem and influence of reference group. The results are as follows. The purchaser of counterfeit goods tend to depend on others heavily and show a high purchase intention. On the other hand, the non-purchaser with high self-esteem are less inclined to buy counterfeit goods, and purchase intention level will also be lowed down. This thesis tries to support the assumption that personal psychological difference exist between purchaser and non-purchaser, and this result seems to correspond with the preceding studies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.146-159
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• 2018

This study analyzed what premium features significantly affect customer satisfaction and their recommendation, and what factors significantly affect product attributes. In the process, first, the loyalty program and the customer compensation program were studied to determine the impact of the customer satisfaction and recommendation. The study analyzed that quality and design of product properties had significant effects on all factors, but the brand was not significantly affected. Second, while superiority, differentiation and scarcity of luxury items are significant to customer satisfaction but superiority is only significant in relation to recommendation intention. Third, the preceding study shows that the customer compensation program has a significant impact on sales growth, but the study found that it was not for imported luxury car customers. Fourth, if the royalties program is low in awareness, it has been analyzed that the scarcity and customer satisfaction relationships among luxury goods have been adjusted. On the contrary, if there is a high level of awareness, it is analyzed that there is a control effect customer satisfaction and differentiation among luxury brands. In the conclusion, in order to satisfy customers at the import luxury car market, the differentiation of luxury goods by standard index must be strengthened and the brand must be strengthened among the attributes of the product. In addition, by raising awareness of the royalties program, the relationship between differentiation and customer satisfaction can be enhanced.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.93-106
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• 2016

The aims of this study are to elucidate the relationship between the luxurious trends of costumes and the importation of Ming's patterned textiles in the $17^{th}$ century, and to analyze the similarity between certain Joseon and Ming fabric patterns. After Imjinwaeran[임진왜란] and Byungjahoran[병자호란], more diverse Joseon textile patterns appeared. Generally, wars lead to a shortage of luxury goods and basic commodities. However, $17^{th}$ century Joseon had an abundance of luxury goods, which allowed even some commoners to have clothing made of Chinese silk. That was the result of free trade between the Koreans and the Chinese merchants in Joseon. Ming's merchants followed the Ming's troops into the Korean Peninsula and targeted Koreans to sell their goods, such as fur coats and fur hats. Free trade between Ming and Joseon took place at Junggang [중강] and Donggangjin [동강진]. Joseon imported Chinese textiles there and resold them to Japanese merchants. Some of the Changgi Chung's excavated fabrics might be an evidence of the import from the Ming. These fabrics had the inscription and were similar to Ming fabrics. It can be assumed that trade occurred between Joseon, China, and Japan, as fabrics found in the countries had similar patterns such as flower, bee, and four seasons, which represented longevity. Furthermore, Chinese fabrics might have triggered Joseon's weaving skills to develop, which led to the ability to weave refined and beautiful brocade satin at Sangbang [상방]. According to Uigwe[의궤], Sangbang could weave silk fabrics in the 1620s and 1630s. The improvement of weaving techniques might make it possible to weave some popular patterns at Sangbang.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.56-68
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• 2016

Popular culture has symbolic meaning and has been constructed through different mass media. Newspapers played a significant role in 1950s and 1960s public culture. In particular, editorial cartoons in newspapers expressed social aspects of the age implicitly through satire and criticism. This study examines delivered culture by reflecting the past social aspects and inquiring on clothing featured in the editorial cartoon "Gobau". As for a research method, literature research was conducted on clothing of the age with a review of "Gobau". As for a research range, examination was done based on the complete works of Gobau composed of 5 volumes published as a first edition by Hankookmunhwasa on November, 1973. Early "Gobau" cartoons from 1951-1963 were published in 5 volumes; therefore, research was conducted for the era from 1950s to the early 1960s. Clothing expressed in "Gobau" were reviewed, classified into formative characteristics and internal meaning. Internal meaning was examined by dividing into the expression of social aspects and criticism of society. The research findings are as follows. First, clothing in "Gobau" reflected characteristic in direct manner. There was a coexistence of Hanbok and western-styled, clear distinction between men's trousers and women's skirt. Besides, various kinds of women's western-styled dress appeared in the 1960s. Second, they showed the dress culture that reflected past social aspects. Many aspects were included to reconstruct old and worn clothes due to scarce resources after the Korean War, and cherishing clothes, buying fabric directly to making clothes, making clothes from dressmaking shop, and restrictions on imported goods and luxury items. Third, the study also examined the social norms for fashion. It contained negative perspectives on women wearing pants, short skirts, and new hair styles (like perms) from western culture as well as lipstick.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.45-59
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to discover the present situation of fashion journalism, which is a collaborator and watchdog of the fast-growing fashion business industry, then to proffer fundamental data for the setting of desirable fashion journalism in the field of newspaper. Unlike magazine and internet news service which are focused on a specific group, daily newspaper has a far-reaching influence without regarding the age, gender and social status of the readers. Therefore, how newspaper deals with fashion and fashion phenomena has immense influence on the attitude and understanding of common people on fashion. Defining fashion journalism is an activity of gathering and mediating of various ideas and opinions on fashion, the beginning of fashion journalism of newspaper traces back to the late of 19th century. From then to the period of Japan's occupancy by force, newspaper used fashion articles to lead enlightenment of lifestyle. After Korean War, newspaper was one of the main path of in-flowing western culture and fashion trend till 1970s. During $1980s{\sim}1990s$, fashion articles in newspaper were separated from woman and family section and fashion journalism made their own way to a specialized field. In the beginning of 21st century, fashion journalism in the field of newspaper is armed with more various and profound contents then ever, but it is also true fashion journalism is not free from accusation of commercialization and agitation of preference on imported luxury goods. Today fashion articles of daily newspapers are not subordinated to the common idea, 'fashion is only for women'. Fashion articles deals with men as well as women. Information on new products is regarded more important than fashion trend. Articles are not restricted in the fashion section. It means fashion journalism is expanding its territory to business section, opinion section and so on. However, fashion news dealing with aged people or young children are very rare. It suggests target readers of fashion news are concentrated on the people who have a considerable buying power. An main article usually has more than 3 photos. That means not only photos in fashion news are established as essential visual information today but also commercialization of fashion news makes rapid progress in this field. Also the considerable dependancy on the information sources from manufacturing side can be a problem of sustaining accuracy and impartiality of news.