• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted for compare domestic experimental microparticulated diets with imported commercial microparticulated diets in olive flounder larvae, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck et Schlegel). Fish larve were fed four microparticulated diets from 8th day after hatching. Four diets were two commercial microparticulated diets D and H, and experimental microparticulated diets K1 and K2 formulated each with different protein sources (diet K1 ; squid meal, blood meal, yeast extract, chlorella powder, olive flounder muscle, Lys, and Met ; diet K2 ; whole egg protein, krill meal, short-necked clam meal, squid muscle, live yeast, yeast extract, and casein). There were no significant differences on body weight, body length and survival rates among four diet treatments up to the 40th day after hatching. At the 83th day after hatching, fish fed diet D had a significantly higher survival rate than that of fish fed diet K2, whereas there was no significant difference between to diet H and K1. Fish fed diet D had a significantly higher body weight than these of fish fed diaet K1 and K2, whereas there was no significant difference between fish fed diet D and H. There was no significant difference on EPA and DHA of body fatty acid composition among four diet treatments up to the 83th day after hatching. These results show that nutritionally well-ballanced domestic microparticulated diets for olive flouner lavae can be developed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.74-77
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• 2001

In order to investigate the distribution of paralytic shellfish poison, we examined the toxicity during from February to October in 2000. Of 591 shellfish samples, $17(2.88\%)$ samples were detected. Scapgarca broughtonii was highest collected $14.29\%(2/14)$. In the monthly detection rate of PSP, April was highest $13.3\%(8/60)$, in the regional collecting rate, Cheon-nam coastal area was highest $3.82\%(10/262)$, and in cases of imported area, China was $8.3\%(1/12)$. Imported area as well as domestic area samples should be strengthen to examine enduringly.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.342-351
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• 2006

This study was carried out to estimate the contents of heavy metals in big marine 17 kinds of fishes (n=89) which had been sold at wholesale market in Seoul from January to December in 2005. The contents of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chrome (Cr), copper (Cu) and arsenic (As) were measured by the mercury analyzer and atomic spectrophotometer (AAS) in the flesh, liver, and gill part. The values of heavy metals in fishes were as follows ($Mean{\pm}SD$, mg/kg). The average contents of heavy metals in the fishes were Hg $0.08{\pm}0.01mg/kg$, Pb $0.17{\pm}0.32mg/kg$, Cd $0.34{\pm}0.07mg/kg$, Cr $0.05{\pm}0.05mg/kg$, Cu $1.14{\pm}0.13mg/kg$, As $0.24{\pm}0.22mg/kg$. Of the heavy metals detected in 3 parts, liver was measured highly in the all heavy metals. Of the heavy metals detected in countries, Hg, Pb, and Cu were measured highly in New Zealand, Cd and As in Norway, Cr in Korea. The range of heavy metal contents in imported and domestic fishes are low level, except of mercury contents of imported Yellow porgy (n=2), compared with regulation value of anther nations and Korea. And the contents of heavy metal in the imported fishes are natural. By correlation coefficients between fish livers of all subjects, a significant correlation was found Hg (r=0.989, p<0.01), Pb (r=0.978, p<0.01), Cd (r=0.991, p<0.01), Cu (r=0.998, p<0.01), As (r=0.198, p<0.05) in fish livers and flesh.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.171-174
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• 2015

Previously, we had reported that some Miamiensis avidus, a major pathogen of scuticociliatosis in cultured olive flounder, strongly agglutinated by flounder immune sera could escape from the agglutinated mass within a few hours. In the present study, we observed that M. avidus not only escaped from the agglutinated mass but also conducted division(s) before shedding its old covering. Furthermore, ciliates that survived the antibody-dependent complement killing (ADCK) assay were not killed even when re-exposed to a freshly prepared ADCK assay. This result suggests that the liberated ciliates from the ADCK assay might change not only their i-antigen types but also the epitopes of major surface antigens, which debilitate antibody-mediated complement killing ability.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.215-221
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• 2016

Due to the shortage of the fingerling/juvenile mud loach, Misgurnus mizolepis in Korea, these fish have been imported from China. However, the mortality rate during and after their transportation is very high. In this study, we examined various physiological and histological parameters to evaluate the effect of salt treatment on the survival and recovery of mud loaches in holding farms during the quarantine process. Glucose, osmolality, $Na^+$, $Cl^-$, and histological changes were assessed for three different salinities. Non-treated fish (control 0.0%) exhibited lower levels of osmolality, and $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ concentrations compared with those kept in solar salt solution (0.5% and 1.0%). Glucose levels in control fish were higher than those in fish exposed to 0.5% and 1.0% solar salt solution. Histologically, control fish showed thinner epidermis of skin, branchial hyperplasia and lamellar fusion with an abundance of eosinophilic granule cell-like cells. After solar salt solution treatment, damaged gill structures in the fish almost recovered within 5 days. The present study demonstrates that mud loaches transported from China suffer from skin and gill damage and physiological dysfunction which may increase the mortality and morbidity. Moreover, saline treatment might alleviate the stress responses and ionic/osmotic imbalances, and help heal gill damage.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.109-126
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• 2019

Import refusals can be considered a new method of non-tariff barriers. This study aims to analyze reputation spillover effects on fish and fishery products imported from ASEAN countries to the U.S. FDA. The supply of aquatic products is not stable due to various factors such as reduction of fish stocks and climate change. Fish is a basic food ingested directly, but there are many ways to control the safety of aquatic products. ASEAN countries account for about 20% of U.S.imports in fish and fishery products. For Southeast Asian countries, fish and fishery products comprise a high proportion of exports revenue. Despite the large share of exports to the U.S., Southeast Asia countries have been receiving many import refusals from the United States. In this study, a theoretical model for examining import refusals is suggested using the negative binomial counting process. The reputation spillover effect, was divided into two spillover effects of 'neighbor reputation' and 'sector reputation'. Results show that there exists a neighbor reputation spillover effect. It can be said if there was a import refusal of the same product from neighboring countries in the preceding year, the home country have a possibility to experience import refusals of the same product. Therefore, it is interpreted that neighboring countries have good standard compliance can help home countries to effectively reach the target markets. Our findings have a important policy implication for ASEAN exporters of fish and fishery products.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.293-299
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• 2015

The feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of one experimental diet (EDP) and five different commercial diets (CEPs) on growth and body composition for juvenile parrot fish, Oplegnathus fasciatus. An EDP was formulated to contain 50% crude protein (CP) from fishmeal, casein, zein and wheat flour and 15% crude lipid (CL) from squid liver oil. Five CEPs for seawater fish were two domestic E commercial diet (DECD) and C commercial diet (DCCD), three imported H commercial diet (IHCD), L commercial diet (ILCD) and O commercial diet (IOCD) containing 53.1~66.6% CP and 10.7~14.6% CL, respectively. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of juvenile parrot fish initially weighing $1.14{\pm}.01g/fish$ (mean${\pm}$SD) in a flow-through seawater system with a water temperature of $19.0{\sim}25.0^{\circ}C$. Weight gain (WG) and feed efficiency (FE) were significantly greatest in fish fed the DCCD and IOCD; intermediate responses were observed for fish fed the ILCD, while the IECD, IHCD, and the EDP produced the lowest WG and FE values. Survival with no significant difference approached 100% for fish fed the all six diets in this experiment. Whole-body moisture, protein, lipid and ash contents were not affected by the different type of diets. Therefore, type of diets appeared to be important factor in influencing WG and FE of juvenile parrot fish; the best diets for juvenile parrot fish was determined to be the domestic commercial C and the imported commercial O diets containing high protein (61.3, 66.6%) and lipid (14.6, 13.0%) in natural seawater based on highest WG, and FE, respectively. This study indicates that the two commercially formulated diets containing two highest proteins and lipids used in this experiment could be practical diets for juvenile parrot fish; these differences of growth performance between experimental diet and commercial diets may be reason for different dietary protein and lipid levels.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.11-13
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• 1996

Ergasilus sieboldi, a parasitic Copepoda, was detected from the gill of Silurus asotus fingerling(7~10 cm long) cultured at a fish farm in Chungnam Province (Fig. 1 and 2). The infected fish did not show any particular external symptoms except a feeble swimming around the boarder of the pond. The isolated parasite was of 1.07 mm in body length with two egg sacks of 1.05 mm and one pair of hook-shaped secondary tentacle. Bychowsky(1963) described that this parasite infected the gill of Salmonidae, Serranidae, Cyprinidae and Siluridae and that the fish in the Baltic Sea, Black Sea. Caspian Sea. Japanese sea zones, Siberian rivers and Lake Bikal were infectd. Bychowsky further pointed out that heavily infected fish with this parasite become emaciated and slow in growth. and often die. As this parasite infected on the peri-branchial area. the infected fish showed a severe disturbance of respiration. Urawa et ai.(1980) studied on the development of Neoergasilus japonicus. an Ergasilidae, which infects Japanese freshwater fish. In Korea, Chun(1985) reported the identification of Ergasilus sieboldi from imported carp. and Neoergasilus and Pseudogasilus japonicus from bluegills. respectively. Chun also identified Pseudoergasilus zacconis in cultured ayu(Plecoglossus altivelis). However. this report deals with the detection of Ergasilus sieboldi from cultured catfish(Silurus asotus) for the first time in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.731-737
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• 2017

Substitution effect of fish meal and Saccharina japonica with soybean and rice bran in extruded pellet (EP) on juvenile abalone was determined. Two thousand five hundred and twenty juvenile abalone were distributed into 36 plastic containers. Four EP were prepared and extruder-pelletized. Twenty percent fish meal, 12% soybean meal and 14% Saccharina japonicawere included in the Control diet. Fifty percent of fish meal, combined 50% of fish meal and Saccharina japonica, and 100% of fish meal and Saccharina japonica were substituted with the same amount of soybean meal, and combined soybean meals and rice brans, referred to as FS50, FS50+SS50 and FS100+SS100 diets, respectively. Four domestic and 3 imported commercial diets for abalone and salted Saccharina japonica were prepared. The diets were fed to abalone once a day for 16 weeks. The highest survival was obtained in abalone fed FS50+SS50 diet. Weight gain and SGR of abalone fed FS50+SS50 diet was higher than those of abalone fed the FS50 and FS100+SS100 diets. Proximates of abalone was affected by dietary nutrient composition. In conclusion, 50% fish meal and combined 50% fish meal and Saccharina japonica could be replaced with the same amount of soybean meal and combined soybean meal and rice bran in EP of abalone.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.201-205
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• 2001

As a series of studies on improving the processing suitability of imported Pacific saury, oxidative stability of seasoned-dried Pacific saury treated with liquid smoke (T2 product) was examined during storage, comparing with control (C, seasoning only) and T1 (treatment of 0.05% BHT instead of liquid smoke). The pH of T2 treated with liquid smoke was relatively lower than those of C and T1 during storage. The contents of volatile basic nitrogen in all products increased continuously during storage. In the changes of TBA and POV of products during storage, the POV of T2 was lower than that of T1, and the TBA values of T1 and T2 were lower than that of C product. The major fatty acids were 22 : 1n-11, 20 : 1n-11, 16 : 0, 14 : 0, 22 : 6n-3, 20 : 5n-3, 18 : 4n-3, 16 : 1n-7, 14 : 1n-7 and 18 : 1n-9 in the both C and T2 products. The contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids in hath C and T2 somewhat decreased with increasing storage period, while those of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids increased.