• Food Quality and Culture
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2008

In this study, consumer acceptance and sensory intensity evaluations were performed on sponge cakes prepared with domestic and imported cake flours. Specific volume data as well as cross-sectional photograph observations confirmed that the imported flour sample group had greater volume than the domestic flour groups. The imported flour sample group also had a significantly (p<0.05) higher mean overall acceptability score at 5.82; however, it was not significantly different from the domestic white flour sample group (5.40). There was no significant difference in overall texture acceptance between samples prepared with imported and domestic white flours; however, their scores were significantly higher than that of the domestic whole flour group (p<0.05). Consumer acceptances of color significantly decreased as the orders of cake group prepared using the imported, domestic white, and domestic whole flours with the values of 6.48, 5.72 and 4.61, respectively (p<0.05). Acceptance of the air cell and the acceptance and intensity of sweetness did not show significant differences between the imported and domestic white flour group.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.51-61
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• 2022

Purpose - This paper investigates how consumers' feelings of guilt affect their preference for imported products. Choosing imported products over domestic products reveals that consumers' motivation is to improve themselves. This study also tries to examine whether choosing imported goods has a restorative effect on feelings of guilt. Design/methodology/approach - We ran two experiments to test our hypothesis. Participants were recruited in China and the data analysis software used in this study was SPSS 26.0 for analysis. Findings - The results show that consumers with guilt feelings are more likely to import products than to consume domestic products, the second result shows that choosing imported products has an effect on guilt. In addition, consumers with low self-efficacy in a guilty condition prefer imported products to domestic products. Research implications or Originality - Based on previous research that focused on how guilt activates consumers' self-improvement goals, this study shows that when consumers experience feelings of guilt, they prefer imported products to reduce their negative feelings. These findings are discussed in the light of their implications for research on consumer self-motivation and ways of coping with it.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.69-80
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• 2012

This research is to figure out how people recognize and perceive on cosmetic attributions of imported brand and domestic brand. In other words, we are trying to analyze the brand images and figure out how they are different in demographic perspective. For this research, this research has been fulfilled from September 20th 2011 to November 5th. We have surveyed women with age between 20's to 50's. With 477 data, we have analyzed by using SPSS 18.0 Version of statistic package. We have used frequency analysis, t-test and one way ANOVA (chi-square test) for data processing method. By comparing and analyzing the 16 attribute types of imported and domestic cosmetics, there were no attention difference on 7 questionaries' but there were attention difference on 9 questionnaires'. 5 questionaries' which show higher recognition on domestic brand of cosmetic than imported brand were shown. 4questionaries' which show higher recognition on imported brand of cosmetic than domestic brand were shown. By examining the different recognitions between domestic brand and imported brand of cosmetics in demographic perspective, it did not show any attentive difference on domestic brand by district residence, age, academic ability, marriage, occupation and monthly income average. But it showed attentive difference on imported cosmetic brand. It showed that people who live in capital region, with younger age and who have not been married have high rate of preference on imported cosmetic brand. It also showed that people who have higher academic ability and with higher monthly income average have high rate of preference on imported cosmetic brand. Especially, specialized job showed highest preference.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.813-819
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• 2007

Physicochemical and sensory properties of sponge cakes using 2 kinds of domestic wheat flour(white flour, whole wheat flour) and imported cake flour were investigated. In the proximate analysis, white flour had higher contents of water and protein compared with those of imported flour. Whole wheat flour had the highest contents of protein, lipid and ash. Regarding the batter, imported flour sample showed lower specific gravity and higher viscosity than those of domestic flour sample, implying that there was more air incorporation and higher batter stability. As a result, imported flour batter produced larger cake compared to that of domestic flour batter. But indexes of symmetry and uniformity showed no significant difference among the samples. In textural analysis using rheometer, cakes with imported flour were softer compared with that with domestic flour. In gumminess and brittleness, cakes with domestic white flour showed the highest value while that with the imported flour showed the lowest value. For the color measurements of cake crumb, no significant difference in DE was found among the samples. Regarding the cross-sections of the cake observed using SEM, imported flour produced cake with smaller and more even air cells compared to that with the domestic flour cake. In sensory evaluation, cakes with the domestic white flour showed the highest moistness value. But there was no significant difference in springiness, firmness, adhesiveness and ease of swallow among the samples. In conclusion, cakes with domestic white flour and whole wheat flour were as good as that with imported cake flour for the sponge cake preparation.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2005

The purpose of the study was to get some information about the educational program for consumers in the community. For this, the author investigated the ability to identify the imported foods and the educational contents to be taught. The subjects for this study were 183 housewives living in Cheongju city, and the research was conducted from March 1 to March 15, 2003. A survey questionnaire was distributed, asking general matters regarding the subject, attitude when purchasing foods, the ability to identify the imported foods, educational contents to be taught, and the identification ability between the domestic and the imported foods. The data was analyzed for percentage, mean, standard deviations using SAS program, and was also examined with Chi-square or ANOVA. $92.3\%$ of housewives checked the label to distinguish between the domestic food and the imported one, among which $99.5\%$ preferred to buy the domestic brand. For major reasons of this preference, $46.3\%$ of them reported that the imported foods had many harmful substances. $66.1\%$ of the subjects, however, replied that they did not have the ability to discern the differences between the two. The identification information was received from 'TV or radio program', which $61.7\%$ of the subjects reported as such. $61.5\%$ of the subjects were inclined to receive education about the imported foods. For the educational contents, $75.4\%$ wanted to learn 'the method to identify the imported foods'. According to the identification test on the imported foods, they got 13.6 points on the average out of 40 points, which was quite low. The highest correct answer was for pteridium aquilinum ($63.7\%$), sesame ($49.2\%$), and yellow croaker ($45.6\%$), while the highest incorrect answer was for red pepper powder ($40.4\%$), chestnut ($40.6\%$), and dried pepper ($32.2\%$). The results suggested that most of the respondents had negative attitudes towards the imported agricultural products, but their identification ability was quite poor. Therefore, it is necessary to provide education and publicity work in relation to the identification methods for the imported foods so that consumers may have less risk from the imported agricultural products.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.15-25
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• 2003

This study provides references to reduce consumer dissatisfaction by identifying the level of consumer dissatisfaction after the purchase and use of imported famous brand goods. In addition, it was aimed to provide basic materials for consumer education programs that will induce the rational consumption of imported famous brand goods. The survey was conducted on females in their 20s and 30s. A total of 483 questionnaires were used for the analysis. The results were as follows：(1) Consumer dissatisfaction with the purchase and use of imported famous brand goods showed a slightly higher level than the median and, (2) consumers had a lower level of consumer dissatisfaction when they had a higher ability to use internet information, greater financial stress, a higher educational level, and a greater availability of consumer education through newspapers and magazines. Additionally, consumers had a higher level of consumer dissatisfaction when they had greater holdings of imported famous brand goods, greater monthly income, and more experiences with overseas travel.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.58-71
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were to investigate the differences inbrand identification ability, opinions on purchasing imported casual wears and purchase behaviors among the high school students grouped by the attitudes toward imported casula wears. Data were obtained from 452 high school students in Seoul by using self-administered questionnaires. Chi-Square Analysis and ANOVA by SAS statistical package were used for data analysis. The subject with favorable toward imported casual wears suggested higher price levels as appropriate price levels of jeans, were more positive about purchasing imported causal wears than the less favorable. Those with more favorable attitudes tended to purchase at individual stores and to have more experiences in purchasing imported brands, spent higher amount of monthly clothing expenditures, searched information mostly through the conversation with peers, and indicated design as the most important evaluative criteria used when purchase clothing. Most of the high school students relied on their parents as the sources of allowances to purchased clothing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.225-230
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• 1998

A comparative study of major brands of domestic and imported cigarettes saled in market has been conducted. The total amounts of total particulate matter(TPM), tar and nicotine delivered from cigarettes, as well as the amounts of tar, nicotine in puff by puff were determined in the mainstream smoke of 6 brands. In addition, the relative amounts of vapour phase in 3rd puff smoke were determined. Results showed that the amounts of TPM and tar delivered from domestic brands were similar to the imported brands and the amounts of total nicotine delivered from domestic brands were higher than those of imported brands. As the domestic cigarettes nicotine/tar(N/T X 100) ratio was 9.5-10.3, the imported one's was 5.6-8.1. However, the amounts of tar and nicotine in puff by puff for the domestic brands were lower than those of the imported cigarettes and the relative amounts of vapour phase in 3rd puff smoke for the domestic cigarettes were lower than those of the imported cigarettes.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2001

This study is designed to find out the physicochemical quality and the morphological features of Korean wheat flour and imported wheat flour with a view to shed light on their difference. In terms of components, Korean wheat flour and imported wheat flour are similar, but the latter turns out to be better than the former when it comes to crude protein, the ratio of water absorption and the power of maintenance. Yet Korean wheat flour turns out to be better than imported wheat flour. In terms of the chromaticity of wheat flour, the latter turns out to be higher than the former when it comes to L value, while the former turns out to be higher than the latter when it comes to a value and b value. In terms of the morphological features of wheat flour, both are in the shape of an oval with starch particles irregularly attached to gluten. And imported wheat flour is getter than Korean wheat flour in terms of the size of particles.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.684-689
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• 2006

This study evaluated the physicochemical characteristics of domestic and imported packaged Kimchi in Korea. Six types of domestic and imported Kimchi were collected from a supermarket. According to the results, the salt concentrations of the domestic and imported Kimchi were 3.83% and 3.06%, respectively. The total lactic acid content was 0.33% for domestic Kimchi, and 0.29% for imported Kimchi. The total vitamin C content was found to be higher in the domestic Kimchi (30.9mg%) than in the imported Kimchi(25.9mg%). These results suggest that both are within the standards of the Korea Food and Drug Administration in terms of food containment: 1% or lower for acid, and $1{\sim}4%$ for salt. For the number of aerobic bacteria present in each of them, both contain approximately $10^4{\sim}10^5\;CFU/g$g, which is safely under the FDA standard of $10^7{\sim}10^8 \;CFU/g$. Therefore, neither is harmful at all in terms of the number of bacteria but continuous monitoring will be necessary. from texture analysis, the hardness and chewiness of the domestic Kimchi was better than the imported Kimchi. The hardness and chewiness of the domestic Kimchi indicated a better production process than imported Kimchi. There may not be a particular difference in terms of the sensory evaluation apart from its crispy taste. However, this also needs to be continuously monitored while the Kimchi is undergoing the fermentation process.