• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

This paper treats with transitional development of medico-hygienical situation in district Yanbian along with the evolution in specific field of medicine. This work is particularly important in shaping TKM identity as TCM embraces Chao medicine asserting it as one included in TCM. This research deals with themes of migration of Chao minorities to this territory and their medico-hygienical situation. Lifted bans on immigration in late Qing dynasty with uncertainty of Korea(Chosun) triggered the immigration to this district. The flow was heavily strengthened under the influence of Westerners and Japanese imperialism into china which consequently provoked the ruin of Qing dynasty, the civil war between republicans and communist and the socio-political changes in Korea. As population growths, the establishment of hospitals and immigration of healthcare professionals were also increased. Though this district is located in Chinese mainland the influence of Japanese was also relevant which lead to medical practice reflection both sides. Mutual combination and influence of western(contemporary) medicine, TCM and TKM practices made the particularity of chao medicine.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2009

The Sa-am acupuncture is the acupuncture method created during Chosun Dynasty. It is a unique acupuncture method that was created solely in Korea. Its theories are based on the 69th article of "Classic of Difficult Issues", or Nanjing (難經), which says "tonify its mother when deficiency occurs, and purgate its son when excess occurs" (虛則補其母, 實則瀉其子); the concept of "controlling the viscera which restrains the target" "抑其官" was added to this theory to form the principle of Sa-am acupuncture. It is significant that it turns to the basic principles of the Five Viscera and Six Bowels rather than the 體針 or 阿是針 of the existing acupuncure. Sa-am acupuncture was established in the middle of Chosun Dynasty and was popularized to the practitioners of Korean Medicine through transcripts and printed books. The medical books of at the time of Japanese imperialism that introduced Sa-am acupuncture are "經絡學總論", "舍岩鍼灸訣", "經濟要訣", "靑囊訣", "察病要訣", "濟世寶鑑", "經驗寢具編", and "舍岩 靑囊訣". The magazine that mentions the Sa-am acupuncture is "韓方醫藥". The books on Traditional Medicine that is related to Sa-am acupuncture were of great help in reconstruction of Sa-am acupuncture after the liberation of Korea and explaining the principle of Sa-am acupunture in various angles.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.63-76
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• 2012

Modern railway construction by Japanese had a great influence on the urbanization, transformation of urban structure and landscape during the Japanese imperialism and compressive increasing period in Iri(Iksan). This paper aims to find out the effect of railway on the modern urban structure and urban landscape in Iri(Iksan). Railways in Iri, Honam railway, Kunsan railway, Jeonla railway have been constructed progressively during 1911 and 1915 with Iri and old Iri(east-Iri) station. From the analysis of land registration maps and street plans, old photographies and historical records, some significant features underling railway construction can be followed in view of modern urbanization process in Iri. Firstly railways cut off the possibility of developing urban structure based on traditional spatial structure of Iksan. Secondly railways made dual spatial structure in Iri. Japanese and Korean life zone were divided into separate district around urbanization area and market place. Thirdly traditional space cognition system based on four cardinal directions were changed to front and rear space of railway station. Fourthly railways and stations caused neo-baroque spatial order and imperialistic urban landscape of Iri with axis, vista and gridiron plan. Fifthly break points and fringe belts garbling modern urbanization process are created. Sixthly modern cultural and consumptive urban spaces were taken their seats in relation with daily urban life.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.357-373
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• 2011

There have been great controversies over making English as an official language in Korea. They have been triggered since some scholars published books and articles claiming that officialization of English is the best option for Korean people who spend significant amount of their life time to learn English. Those who are happy about the idea believe that officialization of English will be a good help for Korean people to gain a high degree of English proficiency, while others worry about possible negative impact on Korean language and culture. There are more diverse views and opinions on this issue. The distance between pros and cons about officialization of English doesn't seem to be negotiated. This study has been conducted not for finding the solution to the controversies. It is for understanding how those whose successful career and high living quality depend on gaining high command of English feel about acknowledging English as an official language of Korea. The results show that overall ideas on the officialization of English of research subjects are similar with those of scholars in academia. Around two third of total number of the research subjects expressed their criticism against the idea. One interesting thing is that all of the subjects, regardless their positions, think that there are serious problems in English education policy and system in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.50-60
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• 2001

This study is to clarify the concept of \"Americanization\" among korean modern clothing culture by investigating magazines from 1920s to 1930s. The Americanization of modern clothing culture can be divided to New fashion, Sports-wear, and Cloth improvement. 1. New fashion, Western culture was the main stream of new fashion, and modern boys and girls could bear cultural privileged consciousness. And the spread of modern culture was so fast that exaggerated fashional preference provoked extravagancy and loss of individuality. 2. Sports-wear. Under the rule of Japanese imperialism, initial sports activity was encouraged to regulate colony by principle and order. Through the sports-wear, practicality of clothing, exposure of female body, and the concept of T.P.O.(Time, place, occasion) were introduced. 3. Cloth improvement. The capitalism and modern concept of \"time\" were introduced and promoted maximum productivity. And to increase productivity, imperialist educated conveniency of western clothes and inconveniency of traditional Korean clothes. These could affect Koreans to think themselves a sense of inferiority(uncivilized complex).ncivilized complex).

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.3-12
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• 2007

Modern architecture is very Important part of korean architecture history. Because It's a role in terms of connecting traditional and current architecture and introduction of western architecture. Accordingly, At this meaninglessly going out and leaving of modern architecture, the purpose of this study is systematic researching of the modern Government Office interior. This study to research into the period context at construction of the modern Government Office and tendency of architecture and interior at that time. And understand interior space organization of it. The modern Government Office adopted Neo-Baroque style from tendency of that time. Also, showed composite order which is mixed In the Creek temple, the Renaissance and the classic style representing the power. But, after late 1920 It adopted Modern Style. This characteristic is different from current composit order, which is comprehended by our. In order to understand aesthetic value of current straight interior space, It have to be Interacted the present and past. But It's averted because it was made In the period of Japanese imperialism. Therefore, We should explore history of interior design that is endowed with sociality and historicity between modern and future interior space as well as current.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.17-28
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• 2001

The purposes of this study were to arrange and analyze the Oriental Mode in 20th century fashion and to clarify that Oriental dress and its ornaments appearing as the main subject of Occident fashion gradually The results were as follows : First, Oriental Mode in 1900-1950s was prescribed as the 'Orientalism' to be expressed Occidental imperialistic viewpoint. Therefore, the Orient was used as the simple recording mark of the imperialism product or commercial motive and it was reflected in fashion. Second, it was explained in 1960-1970s as the 'Folklore Orientalism' that focus was moved into the folklore costume of Orient. Third, in 1980s, 'Ethnic' was conspicuous that reflected the traditional costume in the area of non-christianity. Especially, it was the decade that the Middle East attracted attention. Fourth, Oriental Mode in 1990s appeared as the 'Fusion' that Oriental and Occidental elements were mixed and compromised on equal terms. Fifth, it was expressed as a word 'Zen' that had natural fiber, moderate color and silhouette to be most basic and concise about human body at the end of 1990s. This study could confirm that the center of fashion was being converted into the Orient gradually. This may be understood as the pluralistic culture phenomenon. Namely, eclectic principle to recognize mutual style and individualistic nature and to utilize and mix was made, and this brought the conversion into Oriental sense of value.

• Archives of design research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 1998

The movie, (Jurassic Park) made by ultramodern Computer Graphics has earned 100 million dollors admission fee in 9 days after opening release and has earned 3000 million dollors that add direct income to relative field income composed by fancy industry, theme park, and so on. If you compare the income with hollywood movies with ours total amount of export, you will know the contents industry scale Many countries weight on contents industry in national supports movies, now. All image softwares that have same target movies, computer game, animation, etc. compress to contents to entertainment and was expected to secure the superiority on the 21th ultramodern media industry. The one have hegemony 21th information period if how much have the contents by the dizital broadcasting. But meaning of intercultural communication play on important part more value of contents than value of political and economical aspect.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.57-68
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of the use of the western building system with the change of the architectural design in the Japanese colonial period focused on the facility built by Joseon Government-General in 1910s. Through the 131 cases of governmental building, the tendency of the use of western building system. After 1910, Japanese Imperialism adopted the western wooden building system which main structure was made with combination of small pieces of timber for building the modern governmental facility because of the political and financial intention. So, all facilities were designed similarly by the structural module and the facade was finished by the feather boarding in the same with the 'sitamitakei-giyohu' in Japan. the functional requirements of each facility was not revealed. Such an western wooden building system was used until 1920s with the change of the facade by the mortar coating. But, in 1920s-1930s, the building system have begun to change. The use of the brick system caused some changes although the planing concept was still lasted. On the other hand, the use of the reinforced concrete led to more changes on the overall scheme.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.234-245
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• 2013

The modern fashion was developed the basis on the western dress structure and its historical flow was continued until today. Particularly, the Britain has coexised the unique cultural identity in the aristocratic high culture and rebellious tendency of the subculture so it is necessary to the consideration about whole culture in order to grasp the British fashion identity. The purpose of this study was shown the methodological framework of the culture identity research of one country through the background of this formation of culture and process high culture and subculture study by analysis the culture identity in the today's Britain. Also, the purpose of this study that it draws whether the feature of the British fashion shows up as any aspect in this culture identity. The range of this study subdivides and considers with the imperialism, industrial revolution, aristocratism, union nations, and geographical aspect as the island country into the economy, politics, society, and natural characteristic about the Englishness and the notion of British culture then it draws the dichotomy of the British fashion through the culture identity formed in this society cultural background with both sides in the high culture and subculture aspect.