• Wind and Structures
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.559-575
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• 2016

In order to investigate the influence of different blade positions on aerodynamic load and wind loads and load-effects of large scale wind turbine tower under the halt state, we take a certain 3 MW large scale horizontal axis three-blade wind turbine as the example for analysis. First of all, numerical simulation was conducted for wind turbine flow field and aerodynamic characteristics under different halt states (8 calculating conditions in total) based on LES (large eddy simulation) method. The influence of different halt states on the average and fluctuating wind pressure coefficients of turbine tower surface, total lift force and resistance coefficient, circular flow and wake flow characteristics was compared and analysed. Then on this basis, the time-domain analysis of wind loads and load-effects was performed for the wind turbine tower structure under different halt states by making use of the finite element method. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: The halt positions of wind blade could have a big impact on tower circular flow and aerodynamic distribution, in which Condition 5 is the most unfavourable while Condition 1 is the most beneficial condition. The wind loads and load-effects of disturbed region of tower is obviously affected by different halt positions of wind blades, especially the large fluctuating displacement mean square deviation at both windward and leeward sides, among which the maximum response occurs in $350^{\circ}$ to the tower top under Condition 8; the maximum bending moment of tower bottom occurs in $330^{\circ}$ under Condition 2. The extreme displacement of blade top all exceeds 2.5 m under Condition 5, and the maximum value of windward displacement response for the tip of Blade 3 under Condition 8 could reach 3.35 m. All these results indicate that the influence of halt positions of different blades should be taken into consideration carefully when making wind-resistance design for large scale wind turbine tower.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.135-136
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• 2011

It is very crucial that small and medium-sized enterprises, called SMEs, should play a pivotal role in creating jobs and contributing to export. Day by day under the influence of the increment globalization of the world market and the rapid changes of business environment, our country has been heavily dependent on export to the foreign countries. Therefore, both enterprises' Marketing Mix such as Product, Price, Place and Promotion and global competitiveness are essential elements to raise the volume of export. The purpose of this research is to find out the relationships between Marketing Mix and Marketing Performance. The considerable number of 338 domestic export SMEs was surveyed to verify the hypothesis and research model through a covariance structure analysis via AMOS 18.0, accompanied by the confirmatory factor analysis to prove suggested potential variables. After the strenuous empirical analysis, the relationship between marketing mix elements and marketing performance, the place and promotion element of 4Ps' Mix proved to have a postive impact on marketing performance. This research focused on Marketing Mix as major elements in marketing performance. Theoretical and practical implications are generated to help both enterprises and policy-makers that cover comprehensive government policies for SMEs.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.483-510
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• 2016

Disruptive technology is increasingly gaining attention by industries, standards development organizations (SDOs), academia, government and regulatory bodies due to its massive scope of impact on the incumbents and consumers. Companies that take a lead in new technologies intend to dominate the global market by making their technologies into an international standard. However, they tend to seek ways of by-passing the slow procedures of formal SDOs that often hinder prompt action in response to rapid changes in technology and market situations. In the area of disruptive technologies, there is a need to harmonize standardization efforts in formal SDOs for various companies and stakeholders to reap the benefits of technological development and diffusion of innovation. This paper examines the reasons why standardization is more active using market-based mechanisms than through formal SDOs for disruptive technologies. We conducted a Delphi study to investigate standardization strategies in the area of disruptive technologies. This research found that experts understood the core element of disruptive technologies as creating new markets and changing the competition basis in existing industries through the transformation of consumers' behavior. Based on these core characteristics, experts agreed that flexibility and speed are the most important factors for standardization. Results also show that the perception that standardization activities are not directly connected to companies' profit-making is the key barrier to links between research and companies' participation in standardization. This research provides implications for formal SDOs and policymakers.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.121-132
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• 2017

In this study, there is a purpose of research to secure competitiveness through the effective utilization of intangible corporate resources of founded enterprises. For this research, we conducted a survey on the way the customers who used the products of the BI center and founders less than 7 years evaluated the founded company. Schmitt's empirical element was examined as a theoretical background, and it was examined whether these empirical factors and attitudes acted as a preprocess in the decision-making process as a repurchase intention. The Result of research is as follows. First, It clearly indicated that customer experience and search experience affected the degree of re-purchase. Second, customer's experience (use experience, search experience, contact experience) were grasped with significant influence on customer's attitude. Third, we discovered that customer's attitude had mediated between customer's experience (use experience, search experience) and re-purchase. This research suggests that if we manage empirical factors well, we can increase the degree of re-purchase and cope appropriately with the limitations of small and medium enterprises.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.51-61
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• 2012

Kyong-Eui Railway used to be one of the major cross-country railways connecting Busan and Shineuiju. Being the central axis of logistics and transportation in Korea, it also signifies a symbolic meaning of the people's desire for the unification of divided Korean peninsula. A steam locomotive that had stopped in Jangdan Station was bombed out during the Korean War. The locomotive has been neglected and covered with rust in DMZ over a half century, and now is becoming a historic reminder of divided Korea. The initial design approach was based on the three main perspectives of the relocation plan of the steam locomotive in Jangdan Station which is designated as the registered cultural asset no. 78: historical significance, role of a monumental space, and influence on and from the local culture and tourism. Three design subjects were especially highlighted which would represent the identity of the cultural asset, the stream locomotive. First, a vertical watching deck was installed to provide various view points toward the locomotive while ensuring the security of visitors as well as the cultural asset. Second, the Dokgae bride area has good design potentials being on the railway. However, the site is too narrow. Thus, a new ramp and a stairway were placed responding to the existing topography so that the pedestrian environment could be secured last, to respect the local context where the locomotive was originally located, mulberry trees in the locomotive were transplanted as well. Flowering plants were planted around the display area for better ventilation to minimize the negative impact on the locomotive.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.5-15
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• 2015

One-dimensional rainfall laboratory tests using gneissic weathered soil were conducted to investigate effect of antecedent rainfall on infiltration characteristics. Experimental results using samples from Chuncheon and Chungju sites showed that rainfall onto the ground surface decreased initial negative pore water pressure of unsaturated soils, which recovered gradually after the end of rainfall. Rainfall intensity increases water infiltration rate, and infiltration rate during main rainfall is faster than that of the preceding rainfall. It is considered that higher water saturation after antecedent rainfall increases water infiltration rate during main rainfall. In particular, Chungju sample with higher clay content had slower recovery of negative pore water pressure and infiltration rate. Numerical results using finite element slope stability analysis showed that reduction of initial negative pore pressure due to rainfall infiltration deteriorates slope stability, and diffusion of pore water pressure after the end of rainfall further reduces FS of the slope in the short term. Main rainfall after prior rainfall further reduced factor of safety of the unsaturated slope. Pattern of antecedent rainfall has a significant impact on the magnitude and distribution of initial pore water pressure in unsaturated soils which are controlling factor to assess factor of safety of unsaturated slope during rainfall.

• Atmosphere
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.357-372
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• 2016

Northeast Asian regions have recently become the main source of anthropogenic and natural aerosols. Measurement of aerosols on the sea in these regions have been rarely conducted since the experimental campaigns such as ACE-ASIA (Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment) in 2001. Research vessel observations of aerosol mass and chemical composition were performed on the Yellow and south sea around the Korean peninsula. The ship measurements showed six representative cases such as aerosol event and non-event cases during the study periods. On non-event cases, the anthropogenic chemical and natural soil composition on the Yellow sea were greater than those on the south sea. On aerosol event cases such as haze, haze with dust, and dust, the measured mass concentrations of anthropogenic chemical and element compositions were clearly changed by the events. In particular, methanesulfonate ($MSA^-$, $CH_3SO_3^-$), a main component of natural oceanic aerosol important for sulfur circulation on Earth, was first observed by the vessel in Korea, and its concentration on the Yellow sea was three times that on the south sea during the study period. Sea salt concentration important to chemical composition on the sea is related to wind speed. Coefficients of determination ($R^2$) between wind speed and sea salt concentration were 0.68 in $PM_{10}$ and 0.82 in $PM_{2.5}$. Maximum wave height was not found to be correlated to the sea salt concentration. When sea-salt comes into contact with pollutants, the total sea-salt mass is reduced, i.e., a loss of $Cl^-$ concentration from NaCl, the main chemical composing sea salt, is estimated by reaction with $HNO_3$(gas) and $H_2SO_4$(gas). The $Cl^-$ concentration loss by $SO_4^{2-}$ and $NO_3^-$ more easily increased for $PM_{10}$ compared to $PM_{2.5}$. The results of this study will be applied to verifying a dust-haze forecasting model. In addition, continued vessel measurements of aerosol data will become important to research for climate change studies in the future.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1299-1308
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• 1994

This paper is considered on the dynamic behavior and the dynamic impact coefficient on the cable-stayed bridge under the vehicle load. The method of static analysis, that is, the transfer matrix method is used to get influence values about displacements, section forces of girder and cable forces. Gotten influence values were used as basic data to analyse dynamic behavior. This paper used the transfer matrix method because it is relatively simpler than the finite element method, and calculating speed of computer is very fast and the precision of computation is high. In the process of dynamic analysis, the uncoupled equation of motion is derived from simultaneous equation of the motion of cable-stayed bridge and vehicle travelling by using mode shape, which was borne from system of undamped free vibration. The solution of the uncoupled equation of motion, that is, time history of response of deflections, velocity and acceleration on reference coordinate system, is found by Newmark-${\beta}$ method, a kind of direct integral method. After the time history of dynamic response was gotten, and it was transfered to the time history of dynamic response of cable-stayed bridge by linear transformation of coordinates. As a result of this numerical analysis, effect of dynamic behavior for cable-stayed bridge under the vehicle load has varied depending on parameter of design, that is, the ratio of span, the ratio of main span length, tower height, the flexural rigidity of longitudinal girder, the flexural rigidity of tower, and the cable stiffness, investigated. Very good agreements with the existing solution in the literature are shown for the uncracked plate as well as the cracked plate.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.277-306
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• 2008

Knowledge1 is considered to be a key element of understanding how organizations gain and sustain competitive advantages. But very few firms are capable of creating the requisite knowledge and thus, firms should acquire and exploit new knowledge through knowledge transfer processes. The empirical part of this study involves examining relationships among adaptability of knowledge and knowledge transfer and marketing performance and testing the moderating roles of absorptive capacity, socialization and local marketing knowledge. This study is organized as follows: (1) Previous literature on knowledge, knowledge transfer and absorptive capacity is summarized, followed by the development of hypotheses derived from the knowledge-based view and absorptive capacity. (2) The hypotheses are tested with data collected from MNCs' subsidiaries performing marketing activities in Korea.Thestudyisclosedwithfindings,implications,andconclusions. Following six research hypotheses are drawn from literature review in related areas: H1: Adaptability of knowledge transferred from the MNCs' headquarters and other subsidiaries is positively associated with knowledge inflows into the receiving subsidiary. H2: The level of marketing knowledge transferred from the MNCs' headquarters and other subsidiaries is positively associated with marketing performance of the receiving subsidiary. H3: Increases in potential absorptive capacity will enhance the relationship between adaptability of knowledge and the level of marketing knowledge transfer. H4: Increases in realized absorptive capacity will enhance the relationship between the level of knowledge transfer and marketing performance of the receiving subsidiary. H5: Increases in socialization activity among the headquarters and subsidiaries will enhance the relationship between adaptability of knowledge and the level of marketing knowledge transfer. H6: Increases in the level of locally developed marketing knowledge will enhance the relationship between the level of knowledge transfer and marketing performance of the receiving subsidiary. The research framework that illustrates the proposed hypotheses is presented in figure 1. The unit of analysis for this study is knowledge transfer from the MNCs' headquarters and other subsidiaries to their subsidiaries operating in South Korea. The population for this study consists of subsidiaries established either as joint ventures or as wholly-owned subsidiaries. A group of 603 foreign firms were drawn from diverse industry organizations and business societies. After personal contact, telephone, fax, and e-mail to request that the respondents complete the questionnaire, 282 valid questionnaires from 133 initial sample companies were collected. The results of the empirical analyses significantly support all of the proposed hypotheses except hypothesis 3. Adaptability of external knowledge promotes knowledge transfer and the relationship is moderated by a firm's potential knowledge absorptive capacity. On the other hand, knowledge transfer improves a firm's marketing performance and a firm's realized knowledge absorptive capacity and local marketing knowledge moderate the relationship. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings in this study are as follows: (1) firms must take seeking, transferring, sharing and exploiting of external knowledge into serious consideration, while simultaneously creating knowledge to support the necessary business operations, remain competitive, and achieve superior performance. (2) Firms should continuously seek to develop their knowledge absorptive capacity (both potential and realized capacity) to absorb, learn and utilize valuable external knowledge. (3) Firms should emphasize not only absorptive capacity, but also development of local knowledge. Firms with strong absorptive capability and local knowledge can learn and transfer more external knowledge, which can be translated into greater levels of competence and performance.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.103-119
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• 2020

This study aimed to derive theoretical and practical implications by analyzing the relationship between adversity quotient, entrepreneurial orientation, and customer orientation, which are the internal competency of start-up entrepreneurs affecting the performance of a small business CEO. As in previous domestic studies, we deviated from analyzing internal competency as a single-dimensional functional relationship to business performance, and attempted to explain the relationship between the internal competences of start-up entrepreneurs. Empirical analysis was conducted by setting the adversity quotient as an independent variable, the entrepreneurial orientation as a parameter, and the customer orientation as a dependent variable. As a result of the analysis, first, it was found that control and ownership, which are sub-elements of adversity quotient, have a positive effect on entrepreneurial orientation and customer orientation. Second, entrepreneurial orientation was found to have a positive effect on customer orientation. Third, it was found that only the ownership of the adversity quotient had a positive effect on customer orientation through the mediating effect of entrepreneurial orientation. In other words, it was found that the entrepreneur's ownership influences customer orientation through entrepreneurial orientation. On the other hand, endurance, sub-element of adversity quotient, was found to have no significant effect on entrepreneurial orientation and customer orientation. This means that in the rapidly changing New Normal era, endurance of entrepreneur can no longer have a large impact on entrepreneurial orientation and customer orientation. This study gives implications for the entrepreneur's competencies that must be developed first and the tendency to be developed together. Furthermore, it can be helpful in policy designing start-up support programs and guidelines for investors' investment standards.