• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.759-764
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• 2002

A halophilic bacterium for the production of the immunostimulant was isolated from domestic marine, it was identified as Burkholderia sp. IS-203. The optimal conditions for the production of the immunostimulant were 1 % dextrose and 1 % yeast extract in artificial sea water for carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The initial pH and growth temperature for the prodution were 8.0 and $30^{\circ}C$ under the presence of oxygen, respectively.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.309-312
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• 2000

A halophilic bacterium was isolated from domestic marine. The bacterium was gram negative and motile. Transmission electron micrograph after cultivating for 6-, 20-, 72-, and 144 hrs showed that it was bacilli and contained intracellular granules, which were pleomorphic, larger in density by the time and considered to be PHB since they were positive on the sudan black B staining. The presence of sodium chloride was critical, because the isolated marine bacterium could not multiply and even produce any immunostimulant in the deficiency of sodium chloride. The strain produced an immunostimulant, which was investigated for the biological characteristics. The optimal conditions for the production of the immunostimulant were 1 % dextrose and 1 % yeast extract in artificial sea water for carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The initial pH and growth temperature for the production were 8.0 and $30^{\circ}C$ under the presence of oxigen, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.347-350
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• 2012

L-theanine was examined for its effects on the generation of superoxide anion, lysozyme and anti-protease in the plasma of catfish (Silurus asotus) by a single intraperitoneal injection with five different concentrations (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 mg/kg). When compared with the mock-injected group (0 mg/kg), both groups injected with 6 and 9 mg/kg were significantly enhanced in levels of superoxide anion in leukocytes, lysozyme and anti-protease in plasma. Based on the results, L-theanine is thought to function as an immunostimulant and/or immunomodulator on non-specific immune responses in catfish.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1145-1150
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• 2000

면역증강물질을 생산하는 균주를 해수로부터 분리하여 동정한 결과 크림색의 둥근 점질성의 집략을 나타내었으며, Gram 음성의 간산형이고, 미약한 운동성을 가지며 catalase 양성과 oxidase 음성 반응을 보였다. 균주를 6시간 , 20시간, 72시간, 및 144시간 뱅양하여 전자 현미경사에서 관찰한 결과 20시간 배양한 영양세포는 1.25~0.6$\times$0.6$\mu\textrm{m}$ 크기의 간균 형태를 갖추었으며 시간이 흐를수록 세포내 관립의 밀도가 증가하면서 세포형태가 다형태성으로 변하였다. 세포내 과립의 존재를 확인하기 위해 sudan black B로 염색한 결과 양성으로 polyhy-droxy butyrate로 예상되었다. 생육을 위한 최적 온도는 3$0^{\circ}C$, pH는 3.0~10.0이었으며, 호기성균이었다. D-Glu-cose, D-mannose, D-mannitiol. insitol, maltose 등의 당과 L-asparagine, L-glutamate 등의 아미노산을 이용하였고 특시, O/F test에서 glucose와 maltose를 산화 하였다. 이상과 같은 결과로 해양세균 유래인 Pseudo-mallei group의 Burkholderia 속으로 확인되었음로 본 균주를 Burkholderia sp. IS-203으로 명명하였다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2000

Thirty-one dairy cow from two farm(more than 500,000 cells/ml of bulk milk) in Kyongbuk northern province were selected because of their high somatic cell(more than 500,000 cells/ml of milk In individual cow). Each cow received. staphylococcus aureus vaccine(Labac Staph) and immunostimulant(Ultracon) by intramuscular injection to be repeated every fifteen days for S times. The present study was investigated variation of somatic cell after administration of Labac Staph and Ultracon, and antibiotics resistance of isolated staphylococcus spp from milk in selected cow. The results obtained through the survey were summarized as follows ; 1. Ten dairy cow was injected in A farm. Chronic mastitic two cow after 2rd injection was weeded out the herd. Decrease rate of somatic cell after 1st, 2nd, ,3rd, 4th and 5th administration were 41.4%, 35.6%, 56.4%, 65.4% and 36.7%, respectively. Twenty-one cow was injected in B farm. Chronic mastitic five cow after ,3rd injection was weeded out the herd. Decrease rate of somatic cell after 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th administration were 36.9%, 59.9%, 24.5%, 62.6% and 78.4%, respectively. 2. In A farm, isolated staphylococcus spp were identified as S hyicus 2 strains(11.8%), coagulase negative staphylococcus 15 stains(89.2%) and S epidermidis 6strain(35.3%). In B farm, isolated staphylococcus spp were identified as S aureus 19 strains(55.98%) and coagulase negative staphylococcus 15 strains (44.2%). 3. In A fm, antibiotics resistant rate of isolated staphylococcus spp was high at ampicillin, penicillin and kanamycin, and middle at neomycin, streptomycin and erythromycin. in B farm, antibiotics resistant rate was moderate at ampicillin, penicillin, gentamicin, ka-namycin, neomycin, streptomycin, erythromycin and tetracycline, and coagulase negative staphylococcus spp was moderate at streptomycin.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1999

The immunostimulating effect of aloe on respiratory burst activity was investigated by measurements of the chemiluminescent responses (CL) of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) kidney phagocytes in vitro. The phagocytes incubated with 0.5 and $1{\mu}g/ml$ of aloe for 24 hours showed significantly increased respiratory burst activities compared to control. The result of this study suggests that aloe can be used as an immunostimulant for olive flounder culture.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.185-199
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• 2021

Vibriosis is an important septicemic bacterial disease that affects a variety of commercial fish species, including cultured Dicentrarchus labrax. Nanotechnology has become an important modern tool for fish diseases prevention. Furthermore, nanomaterials have the ability to prevent and treat fish diseases. The current study was aimed to identify the causative agent of massive mortality of D. labrax commercial farm in Alexandria, Egypt. Experimental infection and the median lethal dose (LD50) of pathogenic isolate were assessed. Also, the effect of ginger nanoparticles (GNPs) and Sacchromyces cerevisiae as feed additives for prevention of vibriosis in D. labrax was carried out. Similarly, the tissue immunstimulant genes, IL-1β and TLR2 were measured in the spleen of feeding groups. The clinical signs of naturally diseased D. labrax showed corneal opacity and paleness of gills with excessive mucous secretion. The post-mortem abnormalities were severe hemorrhage and adhesion of internal organs. After bacteriological isolation and identification, the causative agent of mortality in the current study was Vibrio alginolyticus. The LD₅₀ of V. alginolyticus was 1.5×10^5.4 CFU/ml. The experimentally infected D. labrax showed ulceration, exophthalmia and skin hemorrhages. The post-mortem findings of the experimentally infected D. labrax revealed internal hemorrhage, spleen darkness and paleness of liver. There is no mortality and 100% RPS in groups fed GNPs then injected with V. alginolyticus, in those fed a combination of GNPs and S. cerevisiae and a group fed normal diet then injected with physiological saline (control negative), respectively. Contrarily, there was 10% mortality and 87.5 RPS in the group fed S. cerevisae then injected with V. alginolyticus. On the other hand, the control positive group showed 79% mortality. The spleen IL-1β and TLR2 immunostimulant genes were significantly increased in groups of fish fed GNNP, S. cerevisiae and a combination of GNPs and S. cerevisiae, respectively compared to control group. The highest stimulation of those immunostimulant genes was found in the group fed a combination of GNPs and S. cerevisiae, while fish fed S. cerevisiae had the lowest level. Dietary combination of GNPs and S. cerevisiae was shown to be efficient in preventing of vibriosis, with greatest stimulation of spleen IL-1β and TLR2 immunostimulant genes.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.550-556
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• 1998

In order'to reduce loss of shrimp productivity by viral diseases on the cultured shrimp, we were develope the effective shrimp virus control system. Virus is inactivated by above 5 ppm of chloride and treatment of 50% fresh water. Mortality of infected shrimp is decreased by feeding of immunostimulants such as peptidoglycan and schizophyllan. Mg(OH)$_2$ was one of improvement agents which have best effect on pH, ignition loss(IL), chemical oxidation demand(COD) and total sulfide of water and sediment of shrimp farm.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.277-298
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• 1986

This paper reviews the mechanisms effecting host defense in the mammary gland and assesses their possible in preventing of bovine mastitis. The streak canal is the first line of defense against invading mastitis pathogens, providing a physical barrier and antibacterial substances. The milk leukocytes are a second defense line by ingesting pathogens breached the streak canal by multiplication, physical passage, and propulsion during milking. Leukocytosis in milk and enhancement of the phagocytic defense machanisms of the udder were accomplished by inserting intramammary devices. Milk antibodies serum derived and synthesized in mamma tissue aggregate and opsonise bacteria, agglutinate and neutralise toxins, and inhibit. binding of bacteria to epitherial surfaces. Vaccination generally has been unsuccessful because protection is not absolute, but immunization is useful in controlling specific pathogens. Immunostimulant to enhance locally the protective nature of antibody-producing plasma cells concentrated in internal teat end tissue may be effective in reducing the occurrence of infection, but ineffective in preventing intramammary infections.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.260-267
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• 1995

A lectin from the edible mushroom, Lentinus edodes, was purified through physiological saline extraction, ammonium sulfate fractionation and column chromatographies. On polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 0.05M fraction from hydroxyapatite column exhibited adjacent four sharp bands. The partially purified lectin agglutinated the erythrocytes of rabbit, mouse and rat, but not agglutinated human erythrocytes. The lectin's mitogenic effects were tested by its application to human and murine splenic lymphocytes. The results showed that the 0.05M fraction from hydroxyapatite was mitogenic, and the optimal dose of Lentinus edodes lectin was slightly lower than Con A by the culture with murine splenic and human peripheral lymphocytes. Meanwhile, its ability to agglutinate transformed cells was tested by its administration to continuous cell lines L1210 and HeLa cells. The leetin was found to be an agglutinin of tumor cell lines tested by L1210 and HeLa cells.