• KSBB Journal
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 1991

The aims of this study were investigated the antitumor effects and immunological activities of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) extracted from Proteus vulgaris RH-90 toward sarcoma-180 cells. LPS extracted from Proteus vulgris RH-90 was irradiated with gamma ray for detoxification. The tumor incidence of sarcoma-180 occurs all group which injected with gamma ray irradiated LPS and tumor of sarcoma-180 was necrotized with breeding in the injected group of l0$\mu\textrm{g}$ LPS. The inhibition ratio of tumor growth showed at the highest level of 60.88% when 5$\mu\textrm{g}$ gamma ray irradiated LPS was injected into mice. The prolongation ratio of life showed 20.72% when injected into mice with gamma ray irradiated LPS of 5$\mu\textrm{g}$. In the effect of immunological activity, the number of circurating leucocyte and peritoneal exudate cells were increased significantly in the treatment group than that control group, and dose-dependent response indicated by the increase of weights of immunorgans which revealed the improvement of immunity. The effect of macrophage on phagocytes, there were not found the differences between phagocytic and corrected phagocytic index.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.115-119
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• 2003

There has been continuing interest in the development of synthetic and natural compounds that modify the immune response particularly for the treatment of AIDS and cancer. During the past fifty years, numerous scientific studies have been published on ginseng. Modem human studies have investigated preventive effect of ginseng on several kinds of cancer, its long term immunological effect on HIV patients, its effect on cell mediated immune functions in healthy volunteers. Similarly non clinical studies on animal model system have studied the chemopreventive action of ginseng on cancer and immunological properties of ginseng. The precise mechanism of action of ginseng, however, not clearly understood. Considering its wide-ranging therapeutic effects, this study is being undertaken to elucidate the general mode of action of ginseng, especially to test our hypothesis that its biological action may be mediated by the immune system.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.796-801
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate antioxidant activity and anti-immunological inflammatory effect of Allium victorialis subsp. platyphyllum extracts (AVPEs). Antioxidant activities of AVPEs were determined by free radical scavenging assay and reducing power test. Leaf-part extract had comparatively better antioxidant activity than other-part extracts. Antioxidant activity of extracts had protective effect for human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) against superoxide anions secreted from activated neutrophils. Also, we observed AVPEs had inhibitory effects on the adherence of monocytic THP-1 to HUVEC monolayer to the basal level. Inhibitory effect on cell adhesion was caused by suppression of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha})-upregulated$ expression of vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin in HUVECs. From these results, we expect to support the evidence of anti-immunological inflammatory effects of Allium victorialis subsp. platyphyllum (AVP) as a Korean traditional pharmaceutical.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.662-669
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• 2017

Rubia cordifolia has been used to treat diseases for many years in China and India. Although the biological properties and major compounds of R. cordifolia have been extensively studied, the underlying mechanisms of its biological effects remain elusive. In terms of immunological effects, anti-inflammation effect of macrophage (Raw 264.7) simply has been reported. In this study, R. cordifolia was extracted in 70% ethanol and the extract did not affect to macrophage (Raw 264.7) pro-inflammation and T cell (Molt-4). However, in mast cell (RBL-2H3), it showed inhibition of degranulation. The inducing inhibitory effect on degranulation was related to concentration dependent variation in phosphorylation of ERK-1/2 and upregulating the JNK phosphorylation in RBL-2H3 cells. Based on these data, we concluded that R. cordifolia newly have anti-allergenic effects in RBL-2H3 and might be used as a therapeutic agent to treat or prevent allergic diseases such as asthma and atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.149-159
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• 1997

Chitin, a linked polysaccharide composed of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-$\beta$-D-glucopytanose residues, is distributed widely in nature. It has been utilized on various application field due to the development of chitin derivatives such as chitosan, partial deacetylated chitin, carboxylmethyl chitin, sulfated chitin, and so on. Chitin and chitosan have been recently interested in antitumor and antimicrobial activities, because of a powerful tumor inhibitory effect against experimental mouse tumors. Especially, the oligosaccharides obtained by partial degradation of them exhibited a remarkable antitumor effect against sarcoma 180, MM 48 and Meth Asolid tumors and antimetastatic effect against Lewis lung carcinoma in mice. This review describes on antitumor effects of chitin, chitosan and their oligosaccharides by their mechanism of action involving enhancement of immunological system.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.366-375
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• 2002

There has been continuing interest in the development of synthetic and natural compounds that modify the immune response particularly for the treatment of AIDS and cancer. During the past fifty years, numerous scientific studies have been published on ginseng (Foster and Chongxi, 1992). Modern human studies have investigated preventive effect of ginseng on several kinds of cancer (Yun et al, 1993,Yun, 1995,Yun and Choi, 1998), its long term immunological effect on HIV patients (Sankang, 1989, Cho et al, 1997), its effect on cell mediated immune functions in healthy volunteers (Scaglione et al, 1990). Similarly non clinical studies on animal model system have studied the chemopreventive action of ginseng on cancer (Kumar, 1993,98) and immunological properties of ginseng (Kim et al, 1990, Tomoda et al, 1993, Yun et al, 1993, Mizuno et al, 1994,Lee et al, 1997, Park et al, 2001,Yoshikawa et al, 2001, Wang et al, 2001). The precise mechanism of action of ginseng, however, not clearly understood. Considering its wide-ranging therapeutic effects, this study is being undertaken to elucidate the general mode of action of ginseng, especially to test our hypothesis that its biological action may be mediated by the immune system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.3-6
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• 2001

Inflammation is an outcome or an end effect of disruption of complex immunological balance. A variety of approaches to control immunological unbalance have been tried, and some of them are in practice in the clinic. Since inflammatory disorders are reflection of very complex immunological responses, it should be difficult to have such disorders under complete control. Thus, most of the drugs, being marketed and under development, possess some degrees of undesired side offsets originating from disruption of immunological balance. Steroids are excellent drugs suppressing inflammation in short term, however, long-term use of steroids would incur a serious side effect of "rebound". Another example is TNF-${\alpha}$-neutralizing agents, such as enbrel and infliximab. TNF-${\alpha}$ has been known to play a key role in the exacerbation of inflammation, and knock-out of TNF-${\alpha}$ is regarded essential to control of chronic inflammation. The TNF-${\alpha}$-neutralizing drugs in the market are regarded very efficient in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Upon long term use, however, those drugs cause sepsis to a certain proportion of patients. It is ironical that a high plasma level of TNF-${\alpha}$ is known to be responsible for sepsis, and that the drugs scavenging TNF-${\alpha}$ cause sepsis. The above two examples illustrate well the difficulty of discovering an anti-inflammatory drug without unwanted immunological side effects. An anti-inflammatory drug would make a case in the market, as long as the drug has huge therapeutic benefits compared to its expected but unwanted immunological side effects, where cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors are positioning. In this presentation, will be discussed general aspects of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition in conjunction with 3(2Η)furanone derivatives, a novel class of COX-2 inhibitors.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.20-52
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• 1999

In order to investigate the effect of Naetakchungumsankamibang(NTCGS) water extract on the skin tumor induced by 3-MCA and immunological responses in mice, the cytotoxicity against SK-MEL-2 cells and total number of tumors induced by 3-MCA were measured. The numbers of WBC, platelets and RBC, plaque forming cells, hemagglutinin titer, hemolysis titer, carbon clearance, proliferation of splenocyte by thymidine uptake assay, splenic leukocyte by FACS analysis and $TNF-{\alpha}$ were also measured for the evaluation of the immunological responses. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In cytotoxicity against SK-MEL-2 cells, concentration inhibiting cell growth up to below $20\%$ of control was recognized at 1mg/ml of NTCGS. 2. In Inhibitory effect on the skin tumor induced by 3-MCA, the results showed a strong inhibitory effect of NTCGS. 3. In hematological changes in the tumor bearing mice, the numbers of WBC decreased significantly in NTCGS treated group as compared with control. 4. In hematological changes in the tumor bearing mice, the numbers of platelets increased significantly in NTCGS treated group as compared with control. 5. In hematological changes in the tumor bearing mice, the numbers of RBC increased with no significance in NTCGS treated group as compared with control. 6. Effects of the plaque forming cells in the tumor bearing mice, NTCGS treated group exhibited a significant effect compared with control. 7. In terms of the effects on hemagglutinin titer, NTCGS treated group showed higher level than control, without significance. 8. In terms of the effects on hemolysis titer, NTCGS treated group showed higher level than control, without significance. 9. In terms of the effects on phagocytic index K in Balb/C mice, NTCGS treated group showed significant difference from control. 10. In terms of the effects on proliferation of splenocyte by thymidine uptake assay, NTCGS showed significant effect at the concentration of 0.5mg/ml. 11. In terms of the effects on splenic leukocyte of Balb/C mice by FACS analysis, NTCGS treated group showed significantly higher level of helper T cell, B cell and macrophage than in control. 12. In terms of the effects on the secretion of $TNF-{\alpha}$, the treated group showed significant effect at the concentration of 1mg/ml of NTCGS. Based on the results summarized above, NTCGS is considered to have antitumor activity and immunological responses against skin tumor, and to be usable fur the treatment.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.179-186
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• 2004

In order to search for the ways of use in distilled liquid of Shogunjung-tang, an oriental medical prescription, the study examined the differences in the activated degree of cells and immunological effects, which are supplied by restoratives such as the existing extracted liquid and distilled liquid of Shogunjung-tang. As seen from the above results, both the extracted liquid of Shogunjung-tang and distilled liquid have remarkable efficiency in the increase of cells, the efficient condition of immunity activation degree possibly formed by these two and activation of cells and organism, in which distilled liquid in the beginning and the extracted liquid later tend to show its efficiency.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2008

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary organic acid mixture(lactic acid 12%, formic acid 9%, citric acid 5%, butyric acid 5% and phosphoric acid 6%) on growth performance, organ weight, blood immunological parameter and intestinal villi morphology in broilers. Dietary treatments included 1) CON (basal diet), 2) OA1 (basal diet + 0.1% organic acid mixture) and 3) OA2 (basal diet + 0.2% organic acid mixture). Four hundred eighty hatched Arbor Acre broiler chickens were housed in 24 pens of 20 birds each. Eight replicate pens were allotted into each treatment by completely randomized design. Daily weight gain, feed intake and feed/gain were not significantly different among the treatments. In organ weight, that of gizzard was significantly heavier in OA2 than CON (Linear effect = 0.034). However, those of spleen and intestine were not significantly different among the treatments. Blood immunological parameters such as RBC, WBC and lymphocyte were not significantly difference. In intestinal villi morphology, villi length was increased in OA1 compared to CON (Quadratic effect = 0.050). In conclusion, 0.2% organic acid mixture was effective to improve gizzard weight of broilers.