• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권11호
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• pp.1198-1204
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• 2008

목 적: 아급성 괴사성 림프절염은 소아에서는 드문 질환으로 병인이 확실히 밝혀져 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 조직 절제 생검을 시행하여 아급성 괴사성 림프절염으로 진단 받은 소아를 대상으로 임상 양상과 방사선학적 소견, 면역조직화학적 소견을 고찰하여 아급성 괴사성 림프절염의 병인을 이해하는데 도움을 주고자 하였다. 방 법: 1998년 3월부터 2006년 7월까지 경상대학교 병원에서 아급성 괴사성 림프절염으로 진단 받은 17명의 환아를 대상으로 19개의 림프절 조직을 얻어 이에 대해 연구하였다. 의무기록을 기초로 하여 후향적으로 조사하였다. 방사선학적 소견으로는 컴퓨터단층촬영 소견을 분석하였고, 모든 예에서 절제 생검을 시행하여 얻은 조직을 이용하여 면역조직화학 염색을 시행하였다. 결 과: 나이는 5세에서 19세의 범위였다(평균 11.8세). 성별로 보면 남자가 10명, 여자가 7명으로 큰 차이가 없었고 주된 증상으로는 경부 종괴(17/19), 종괴 동통(6/17), 발열(12/19)이였다. 만져지는 림프절은 대부분은 경부 림프절로 방사선학적으로 측정한 최대 직경은 10예 모두 3 cm이하였고 좌측(3/10), 우측(2/10), 양측(5/10)에서 관찰되고 CT 소견상 6명(60%)에서 림프절 주위 침윤과 5명(50%)에서 육안적 괴사부위가 관찰되었다. 병리학적으로 증식형, 괴사형, 황색종형으로 나누었고 괴사형이 가장 많은 비율(58%)을 차지했다. 광학현미경상 Lesion (L), Perilesion (PL), Necrosis (N)으로 새롭게 분류하여 면역조직화학염색을 시행한 결과 모든 부위에서 CD4/CD8 비에서 CD8이 우세를 보였고 CD4는 주로 PL에서 CD8은 주로 L에서 염색 강도가 증가하였다. 결 론: 아급성 괴사성 림프절염에서 방사선학적 소견과 임상 증상, 병리학적 소견을 종합해서 비교함으로써 아급성 괴사성 림프절염의 병인을 이해하는데 도움이 되리라 생각된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.523-532
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• 1999

연구배경: 폐암은 조기진단이 어려운 대표적인 종양이다. 최근 정상세포에서 악성조직으로 진행되는 각각의 과정에 대한 연구가 활발해 지면서 폐암의 발병과 진행에 관계하는 여러 유전자와 염색체의 이상들이 발견되고 있다. 이에 근거하여 폐암 중에서도 객담 세포진검사나 기관지내시경 검사 등으로 진단이 용이하고, 조기진단의 의의가 높은 편평상피 폐암을 대상으로 종양세포와 인접 정상 세포에서의 p53 및 c-erbB2의 발현율과 그 의의를 알아보았다. 대상 및 방법: 1995년 5월부터 1996년 11월까지 15개월 동안 편평상피 폐암으로 진단되어 폐절제술을 받은 25명의 환자를 대상으로 하여, 종양부위 및 그 인접 정상세포에서의 p53과 c-erbB2의 발현 여부를 면역조직화학적 검사법을 이용하여 조사하고 폐암의 병리적 병기 및 환자의 생존기간에 따른 발현율의 차이를 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결 과: 25명의 환자 중에서 병리적 병기 I, II가 각각 5명, IIIA가 8명, IIIB가 4명 및 IV가 3명이었다. 종양조직에서의 p53은 12명(48%), erb-B2는 3명(12%)에서 발현되었다. 인접 정상 기관지세포에서는 erb-B2는 3명(12%)에서 발현되었으나 p53은 한 예에서도 발현되지 않았다. 종양세포에서, 병기 II기 이하인 군 10명과 IIIA기 8명 및 IIIB와 IV기의 7명으로 나눠서 비교한 결과 p53이 발현된 경우는 각각 2예, 4예 및 6예로 병기가 진행될수록 발현율은 유의하게 높아졌다(p=0.009 by test of trend). 그러나 종양세포에서 이들의 발현여부에 따른 생존기간은 차이가 없었다. 결 론: p53은 정상 기관지세포에서는 전례에서 발현되지 않았으나 페종양조직에서는 발현율이 48%로 나왔으며, 발현율은 병기가 진행할수록 높아졌다. 따라서 기관지 생검조직에 p53을 이용한 면역조직화학적검사를 병행할 경우 편평상피세포 폐암의 경우 조기진단이나 병기판정에 도움이 될 것으로 추정되나 더 많은 환자를 대상으로 한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.497-505
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• 1997

Dopamine plays diverse roles in the fetal brain development and differentiation. However, the development of the dopaminergic neurons and its receptors has not been fully understood. In our studies, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical methods were used to investigate the ontogeny of dopaminergic neurons and its receptor subtypes during the fetal development of the rat. In situ hybridization data showed that dopamine $D_1$ and $D_2$ receptor mRNAs were expressed in the ventricular and subventricular zones of ganglionic eminence, thalamus, hypothalamus, and cortical neuroepithelium on gestational day 13. Expression of dopamine $D_1$ and $D_2$ receptors during gestational days 17 and 19 reached the same or similar level of that in the adult brain. Expression of $D_1$ receptor mRNA preceded that of $D_2$ receptor mRNA in the early developmental stage, although this pattern was reversed with the sharp increase of $D_2$ receptor mRNA soon after. $D_2$ receptor mRNA was expressed in substantia nigra of mesencephalon of the fetal rat brain. However, $D_1$ receptor mRNA was not detected in substantia nigra. Our results indicate that dopamine might function in the fetal brain during the early gestational period.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2008

Objectives : The present study was to investigate the effect of extract of Chelidonii herba (ECH) on the proliferation and activation of eosinophils which were prepared from lung cells of asthma-induced mouse by ovalbumin (OVA) treatment. Methods : C57BL/6 mouse was exposed to OVA three times a week for 6 weeks. The mouse lung tissues were dissected out, chopped and dossiciated with collagenase (1 ${\mu}g$/ml). Eosinophils were activated by rIL-3/rmIL-5 co-treatments. The lung cells were treated with ECH, incubated for 48 hr at $37^{\circ}C$, and analyzed by flow cytometery, ELISA, RT-PCR, and immuno-histochemical analysis. Results : In FACS analysis, number of granulocyte/lymphocyte, $CD3e^-$/$CCR3^+$, $CD3e^+$/$CD69^+$, $CD4^+$ and $CD23^+$/$B220^+$ in asthma-induced lung cells were significantly decreased by ECH treatment compared to the control group. And mRNA expression for IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, CCR3 and eotaxin in asthma-induced lung cells, which was induced by rIL-3 plus rmIL-5 treatments, was significantly decreased by ECH treatment. In ELISA analysis, production levels of IL-3, IL-5, IL-13 and histamine in asthma-induced lung cells, which were induced by rIL-3 plus rmIL-5 co-treatment, were significantly decreased by ECH treatment. ECH treatments significantly inhibited the proliferation of eosinohils prepared from asthma-induced mouse lung tissues compared to the non-ECH treated control cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that ECH treatment significantly decreased the levels of eosipnphil activation compared to non-treated cells. Conclusions : The present data suggested that Chelidonium majus L. may have an effect on the inhibition of parameters associated with asthma responses in eosinpophils, and thus implicate the possibility for the clinical application of Chelidonium majus L.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2006

Purpose : To investigate clusterin expression in the acini and ductal cells of rat submandibular glands after Co-60 gamma irradiation. Materials and Methods : The male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing approximately 250 gm were divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group was irradiated with a single absorbed dose of 2, 5, 10, and 15 Gy on the head and neck region. All the rats were sacrificed at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after irradiation. The specimens including the submandibular gland were sectioned and observed using a immunohistochemical method. Results : In the 2 Gy group, clusterin expression was similar to that of the control group at 1 day after irradiation and it was observed in the striated ductal cells at 3 days after irradiation. In the 5 Gy group, clusterin expression was observed in the striated ductal cells at 1 day after irradiation and gradually increased in the 10 and 15 Gy groups. In the 15 Gy group, clusterin expression was prominent in the striated ductal cells at 1 day after irradiation, but it gradually decreased with the experimental period. The destruction of the striated ductal cells was observed in the 2 Gy group at 21 days after irradiation and in the 5, 10, and 15 Gy groups at 7 days after irradiation. The destruction of the acinar cells was observed in the 2 Gy group at 28 days after irradiation and in the 5, 10, and 15 Gy groups at 14 days after irradiation. Conclusion : Clusterin expression was induced by low doses of irradiation and it appeared to be involved in the regulation of cellular response to irradiation.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.51-65
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• 2012

Objectives : In this study the antidepressant effects of mixture of Lycii Radicis Cortex and Gardeniae Fructus on the change of HPA-Axis and Catecholamine system was investigated Methods : The forced swimming test was performed. The expression of CRF, c-Fos in the PVN, and TH in the VTA and LC were measured with immunohistochemical method. And the experimental groups were divided into the Extraction after Mix group(A) and Mix after Extraction group(B). The effects of both group were compared. Results : The duration of immobility in the FST was decreased significantly in three groups except B100(P<0.01). B100 was shown the significant increase(P<0.05). The expression of CRF in PVN was decreased significantly in all group(P<0.05~P<0.01). The expression of c-Fos in PVN was decreased in A100, A400 and was increased significantly in B100, B400(P<0.05). The expression of TH in VTA and LC were decreased significantly in all group(P<0.001). Conclusions : Effects of Extraction after Mix group(A) and Mix after Extraction group(B) on the HPA-Axis system and Catecholamine system were validated.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.520-532
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Coicis Semen Extract (CSE) on the experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice. Methods : Experimental colitis was induced by daily treatment with 5% DSS in the drinking water for 7 days in 6-week-old male ICR mice. The colitic mice were divided into three groups: the normal (N) group consisted of mice that were not inflammation-induced. The control (C) group was composed of untreated colitis elicited mice. The sample (S) group was administered CSE after colitis elicitation. The effects on colonic mucosal ulcers were evaluated by the morphological, histological and immunohistochemical change of the large intestine. Results : Inhibition of LPS-induced NO decreased in the S group. Inhibition of LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 mRNA noticeably decreased in the S group from 0.25 mg/ml. In the common morphological and histochemical change, the erosion and the infiltration of inflammatory cells increased in the C group, while they noticeably decreased in the S group. The length of colon was shortened more in the C group than in the S group. The distributions of MUC2 and Hsp70 treated with CSE increased noticeably more in the S group than in the C group (p<0.05). It was confirmed histochemically and immunohistochemically that the distributions of iNOS, COX-2, MAC387, serotonin, apoptosis and PCNA treated with CSE decreased in the S group more than in the C group (p<0.05). Conclusions : It is confirmed that CSE has cytoprotective effect, so can alleviate inflammation process. Therefore, it is expected to have potential protective effect on colitis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제74권6호
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• pp.264-268
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• 2013

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal pulmonary fibrotic disease. In general, the exaggerated activation of the coagulation cascade has been observed during initiation or maintenance of the fibrotic disease. In our recent study, immunohistochemical expression of protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), which plays a key role in coagulation cascade, was observed in surgical specimen of IPF patients, and associated with poor clinical outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the overexpression of PAR-2 in inflammatory cells from peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in IPF patients. Methods: From May 2011 to March 2012, IPF patients and controls were enrolled in Seoul National University Hospital. Peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were collected for analysis of PAR-2 expression. Flow cytometry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used for PAR-2 receptor and mRNA assessment. Results: Twelve IPF patients and 14 controls were included in this study. Among them, flow cytometry analysis was conducted from 26 peripheral blood (patient group, 11; control group, 13) and 7 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (patient group, 5; control group, 2). The expression of PAR-2 receptor was not different between patient and control groups (p=0.074). Among all 24 population, PAR-2 mRNA assessment was performed in 19 persons (patient group, 10; control group, 9). The mRNA expression of PAR-2 was not significant different (p=0.633). Conclusion: In IPF patients, PAR-2 receptor and mRNA expression were not different from control group.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.658-671
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• 2018

Objective: Nandrolone decanoate (ND) is an anabolic-androgenic steroid frequently used for clinical treatment. However, the inappropriate use of ND results in the reduction of serum testosterone level and sperm production. The suppressive effect of ND on testosterone production has not been investigated in detail. The present study was designed to examine the effect of ND on the expression of steroidogenic enzymes in the rat testis. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats at 50 days of age were subcutaneously administrated with either 2 or 10 mg of ND/kg body weight/week for 2 or 12 weeks. The changes of transcript and protein levels of steroidogenic enzymes in the testis were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analyses, respectively. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis was employed to determine the changes of immunostaining intensity of these enzymes. The steroidogenic enzymes investigated were steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage enzyme, $17{\alpha}-hydroxylase$, $3{\beta}-hydroxysteroid$ dehydrogenase, and cytochrome P450 aromatase. Results: The treatment of ND resulted in depletion of Leydig cells and sloughing of germ cells in the testis. The ND treatment caused significant expressional decreases of steroidogenic enzymes at transcript and protein levels, and the destructive effects of ND on the testis were more apparent with a higher dose and a longer period of the treatment. Evident reduction of immunostaining intensity present in Leydig cells was clearly detected by the ND treatment. Conclusion: The exposure to ND in young male results not only in histological changes of the testis but also in aberrant gene expression of testicular steroidogenic enzymes, consequently leading into the reduction of testosterone production in the testis and thus likely disruption of spermatogenesis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.61-81
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• 2004

Background and Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acupuncture and electroacupuncture on the DCX, PSA-NCAM, and pCREB expression in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR). Materials and Methods : SHR were divided into five groups: control group, acupuncture group, 2Hz electroacupuncture(EA) group and 100Hz EA group. We evaluated the changes of the DCX, PSA-NCAM, and pCREB positive cells using immunohistochemical method. In the olfactory bulb, we investigate the optical densities of the immunoactive cells. In the dentate gyrus and the piriform cortex, we count the immunoactive cells under the $100{\times}$ visual field optical microscope. Results : 1. The optical densities of DCX-positive cells in the subependymal zone were significantly decreased in all groups, compared to the control group. 2. The counts of DCX-positive cells in the dentate gyrus were significantly increased in all groups, compared to the control group. The counts of DCX-positive cells in the piriform cortex were significantly increased in the acupuncture and 100Hz EA group, compared to the control group. 3. The optical densities of PSA-NCAM-positive cells in the subependymal zone were significantly decreased in the acupuncture and 2Hz EA group, compared to the control group. 4. The counts of PSA-NCAM-positive cells in the dentate gyrus and the piriform cortex were significantly increased in all group, compared to the control group. 5. The counts of pCREB-positive cells in the dentate gyrus were significantly increased in all groups, compared to the control group. The counts of pCREB-positive cells in the piriform cortex were significantly increased in the acupuncture and 100Hz EA group, compared to the control group. Conclusion : We conclude that acupuncture and EA may affect neuronal cell proliferation, differentiation and plasticity in the brain.