• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.233-237
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• 2015

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in Brunei Darussalam, accounting for almost 20% of the total. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a member of the erbB family of tyrosine kinase receptor proteins, which includes c-erbb2(HER2/neu), erb-B3, and erb-B4. EGFR overexpression is found in a third of all epithelial cancers, often associated with a poor prognosis. Materials and Methods: Protein expression of EGFR in 27 cases of lung cancer tissue samples and 9 cases of normal lung tissue samples was evaluated using an immunohistochemical approach. Results: The results demonstrated significant increase and overexpression of EGFR in Bruneian lung cancer tissue samples in comparison to normal lung tissue. However, there was no significant relationship between clinicopathologic variables (age and sex) of patients and EGFR protein expression. Conclusions: EGFR is overexpressed in Bruneian lung cancer patient tissue samples in comparison to normal lung tissue samples. This may indicate that EGFR protein over expression plays an important role in the genesis of this type of cancer in Brunei Darussalam.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.3079-3083
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• 2013

Objective: To investigate the effects of endostar, a recombined humanized endostatin, plus cisplatin on the growth, lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of the Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) in mice. Methods: A tumor model were established in C57BL/6 mice by intravenious transplantation of LLC cells. Then the mice were randomized to receive administration with NS, endostar, cisplatin, or endostar plus cisplatin. After the mice were sacrificed, tumor multiplicity, tumor size and lymph node metastasis were assessed. Then the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-c (VEGF-C) and podoplanin were determined by immunohistochemical staining. Results: Endostar plus cisplatin significantly suppressed tumor growth. lymphatic metastasis and prolonged survival time of the mice without obvious toxicity. The inhibition of lymphatic metastasis was associated with decreased microlymphatic vessel density (MLVD) and expression of VEGF-C. Conclusions: Endostar combined with cisplatin was more effective to suppress tumor growth and lymphatic metastasis than either agent alone. Thus this may provide a rational alternative for lung carcinoma treatment.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제28권2호통권70호
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• pp.224-240
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Jiyu-tang on gastric and ileac mucosal ulcer induced by indomethacin in mouse. Methods : The normal group was that no inflammation elicited mouse. Control group is that water administered mouse after gastro-inflammation elicitation. Sample group is that Jiyu-tang administered mouse after gastro-inflammation elicitation. Results : In the common morphology and histochemical change, control group were observed various injury by hemorrhagic erosion, while sample group was noticeably decreased than control group. In the immunohistochemical change, the distributions of COX-1 treated with Jiyu-tang noticeably increased than control group(p<0.05). The distributions of COX-2, MAC 387 and HSP-70, PCNA and TUNEL treated with Jiyu-tang noticeably decreased than control group(p<0.05). Conclusions : According to the above results, it is supposed that Jiyu-tang is applicable to gastric and ileac mucosal ulcer.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.53-68
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• 2009

Objectives: This study demonstrates the neurological effects of Bojungikki-tang and Bojungikki-tang-gamibang on the focal cerebral ischemia of rats with ischemic damage caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Methods: Rats were treated with Bojungikki-tang and Bojungikki-tang-gamibang extracts for about five days after MCAO, and the size and volume of cerebral infarction and the ratio of cerebral edema were observed. From the immunohistochemical view, significant changes of outbreak of Bax, Bcl-2, c-Fos, HSP72, and iNOS were observed in the brain tissues. Results: Bojungikki-tang repressed only brain edema and iNOS revelation led by focal cerebral ischemia, when considering significance. In contrast, Bojungikki-tang-gamibang demonstrated significant suppression of cerebral infarction, brain edema, Bax, c-Fos, HSP72, and iNOS induced by focal cerebral ischemia. Conclusions: Bojungikki-tang is considered functional treatment for cerebral ischemic damage; it can be effective to relieve secondary brain edema and immune response. Bojungikki-tang-gamibang can have a direct function to alleviate brain infarct and to control the natural death of nerve cells which cerebral ischemic damage brings about.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.59-70
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• 2008

Objectives: Investigation of the antidepressant effects of Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium(CR) Methods: In order to investigate the antidepressant effects of Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium(CR), we performed the forced swimming test. Also the expression of CRF, HSP70 and c-fos was measured with immunohistochemical method at PVN. Results: 1. The duration of immobility in the forced swimming test was significantly decreased in the CR 100mg/kg, 400mg/kg groups. 2. In the Control group, CRF expression was significantly increased in the PVN. Also, these CRF increase were significantly reduced in the CR 100mg/kg and 400mg/kg treated group. 3. HSP70 expression was significantly decreased at PVN in the CR 100mg/kg and 400mg/kg treated group. 4. C-fos expression was significantly decreased at PVN in the CR 100mg/kg and 400mg/kg treated group. Conclusions: According to the results, it can be considered that Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium has antidepressant effect.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2014

Purpose: Chronic nicotine administration induce various effects in whole organs of the body; however, little is known about salivary gland. In the present study, we pursued the links between systemic nicotine and the histomorphological changes of the salivary gland in mice. Methods: Twenty-five C57BL6 mice were allocated into two groups. The control group (n=9) received distilled water only for 8 weeks by gavage. The experimental nicotine group (n=16) was administered nicotine $5{\mu}g/g$ with distilled water. Animals were sacrificed at 8 weeks; then, submandibular glands were excised and processed for histologic evaluation. Volumetric changes in acinar cells were evaluated by H&E staining. The expression of calponin-positive myoepithelial cells and Ki-67-positive proliferating acinar cells were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results: The nicotine group showed significantly decreased number of calponin-positive myoepithelial cell process compared with the control group. There were no significant differences in average volume of acinar cell and the number of Ki-67-positive acinar cells between both groups. Conclusions: These findings suggested that chronic nicotine administration may cause decreased function of myoepithelial cells in submandibular glands of mice, and these can partly explain xerostomic conditions in chronic smokers.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.403-408
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• 2011

Objective : Contrary to some clinical belief, there were quite a few studies regarding animal models of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) $in$ $vivo$ suggesting that prior use of statins may improve outcome after ICH. This study reports the effect of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitor, simvastatin given before experimental ICH. Methods : Fifty-one rats were subjected to collagenase-induced ICH, subdivided in 3 groups according to simvastatin treatment modality, and behavioral tests were done. Hematoma volume, brain water content and hemispheric atrophy were analyzed. Immunohistochemical staining for microglia (OX-42) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was performed and caspase-3 activity was also measured. Results : Pre-simvastatin therapy decreased inflammatory reaction and perihematomal cell death, but resulted in no significant reduction of brain edema and no eNOS expression in the perihematomal region. Finally, prior use of simvastatin showed less significant improvement of neurological outcome after experimental ICH when compared to post-simvastatin therapy. Conclusion : The present study suggests that statins therapy after ICH improves neurological outcome, but prior use of statins before ICH might provide only histological improvement, providing no significant impact on neurological outcome against ICH.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.78-87
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• 2002

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ginseng Radix (Panax ginseng C.A. MEY.), Zizyphi Spinosae Semen (Zizyphus spinosa HU.) and Rehmanniae Radix Preparat (Rehmannia glutinosa LIBOSCH.) on the serotonin- immunoreactivity cells in the Caudal raphe nuclei, Rostal raphe nuclei and hippocampus of the mouse brain. Methods : The mice were stressed by restraining for one hour and treated with herbal medicine by oral feeding. The mice were killed after one hour and observed by electron microscope after immunohistochemical staining. Results : In the caudal raphe nuclei of the medulla oblongata, the highest number of 5-HT immunoreactivity cells were observed at the Zizyphi Spinosae Semen-treated group, while the lowest level among the herbs treatment group was shown at the Ginseng Radix group. In the hippocampus, serotonin-immunoreactive cells were expressed significantly at the CA3 area while the lowest level of it was shown at the control group. In the midbrain, immunoreactive cells were expressed higher than other groups, while observed at the lowest level in the control group. Conclusions : The extracts of Zizyphi Spinosae Semen, Rehmanniae Radix Preparat and Ginseng Radix show a certain degree of effect on the change of serotonin immunoreactive neurons as an index of nerve disorder.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.493-496
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• 2009

Purpose: Glomus tumors are neoplasms that are composed of modified smooth muscle cells of the glomus body and multiple glomus tumor comprises 10% of all glomus tumors. We report a case of disseminated multiple glomus tumors. Methods: A 14 - year - old boy presented with multiple subcutaneous purple nodules on the right cheek, back, right arm, right hand dorsum, right fourth finger, and left ankle. Nodules on the back and right fourth finger were completely excised under local anesthesia and histopathologic examination was followed. Results: Histopathologic findings showed numerous dilated, cavernous - like, thin - walled, vascular spaces surrounded by one or a few layers of glomus cells. On immunohistochemical examination, glomus cells stain for smooth muscle actin, and endothelial cells stain for CD31. Those revealed multiple glomangiomas. Conclusion: A review of Korean literature revealed only one reported cases of disseminated multiple glomus tumors, so this is the second case to be reported in the Korean literature. In case of multiple soft tissue tumors, thorough physical examination and preoperative evaluation is needed.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.915-926
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• 2006

Objectives : Yanggyuksanhwa-tang is a prescription used for cerebral infarction clinically it is known that this formula reduces body fat, serum cholesterol and triglyceride in hyperglycemia and obesity patients. According to previous research data, controlling these types of lipid is considered to decrease the risk of cerebral infarction. Based on this fact, we investigated the relationship between hyperlipidemia and cerebral infarction, and the effect of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang on hyperlipidemic cerebral infarction. Methods : We induced cerebral infarction by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in high-fat diet rats, and the rats were administered Yanggyuksanhwa-tang. Results : Infarct area and serum lipid were measured, and the level of elements such as c-Fos, Bax and caspase-3 in penumbra of infarct were expressed by immunohistochemical staining. Conclusions : Yanggyuksanhwa-tang showed neuroprotective effect through preventing neuronal cell apoptosis as well as reducing serum lipid level in hyperlipidemic condition.