• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.6851-6855
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• 2015

Background: This study aimed to examine the clinical significance of fatty acid synthase (FASN) expression in gastric cancer (GC), and investigate any prognostic role. Materials and Methods: FASN expression was assessed in gastric cancers by immunohistochemistry using 60 paraffin-embedded tissue specimens, and clinical data were collected by retrospective chart review. Moreover, FASN mRNA expression in 15 fresh resected specimens was evaluated by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Immunohistochemical staining of PTEN was performed to assess the correlation of PTEN with FASN in gastric cancer. Results: Increased expression of FASN was noted in gastric cancers. The frequency of FASN gene amplification was also significantly higher in gastric cancer than in adjacent normal tissue. FASN expression in human gastric cancer tissues was significantly correlated with patient TNM stage and peritoneal dissemination (p<0.05). Moreover, higher FASN expression significantly correlated with shorter overall survival (p<0.05). Here, upregulation of FASN negatively correlated with PTEN expression in gastric cancer. Conclusions: These findings indicate that FASN expression is upregulated in gastric cancer, and increased FASN may be critical to th peritoneal metastasis and survival. Our results suggest that FASN upregulation and PTEN downregualtion may be involved in peritoneal dissemination for gastric cancer progression.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5569-5571
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• 2012

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical significance of HMGB1 expression in T-cell lymphoma. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining for HMGB1 and survivin was performed with specimens from 120 cases of T-cell lymphoma and 40 cases of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia with antibodies against human HMGB1 and survivin. Results: The expression of HMGB1 and survivin was significantly higher in tissues of T-cell lymphoma than in reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Positive expression of HMGB1 and survivin was observed in 63.7% (65/102) and 61.8% (63/102) of T-cell lymphoma cases, respectively. While was associated with gender, age, and tumor location, significant correlations with malignancy and clinical stage were observed. Spearman rank correlation analysis revealed that the expression of HMGB1 and survivin was positively correlated in T-cell lymphomas (P<0.01). Conclusions: Expression of HMGB1 and survivin in T-cell lymphomas is significantly associated with malignancy and clinical stage, but not with gender, age and tumor location. Elevated expression of HMGB1 may be an important biomarker for the development and progression of T-cell lymphoma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2012

Objectives: Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C)and vascular endothelial growth factor feceptor-3 (VEGFR-3) in laryngeal squamous carcinoma and its relationship to lymph node metastasis were investigated. Methods: VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 gene expression in 30 cases of normal laryngeal mucosa tissue (NLM), primary laryngeal carcinoma cell carcinomas (PLC) and cervical lymph nodes (CLN) was examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Protein levels of VEGF-C expression were determined by immunohistochemical staining in 60 cases of PLC. Results: Expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 different among NLM, PLC and CLN in the same patient. In PLC, expression was significantly higher in lymph node positive group than in the lymph node negative group and associated with histological grade of differentiation; Expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 was not linked with age, sex, site or T stage. Conclusions: A close correlation was found between VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 expression and lymph node metastasis in PLC, suggesting a role in metastasis of laryngeal carcinomas.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3699-3703
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• 2013

Background: This study aimed to show the localization of estrogen / progesterone receptors, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2) and protein 53 (p53) by immunohistochemistry in a series of consecutive breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: The study covered invasive breast cancers from 299 patients presenting at the Oncogenetic Clinic and Pathology Centers of Ahwaz Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences Hospital in Iran during the time period from 2009 to 2011. The Scarff-Bloom Richardson scoring method was used. Results: Of the 299, 27% (80/299) were <40, 33% (100/299) were 41-50, and the remaining 40% (119/299) were>50 years old. The highest incidence of breast cancer in this study population was in the group of more than 50 year age, and the most common histological type of breast cancer was the invasive ductal carcinoma, which accounted for 68% (203/299) of the cases. Out of possible total of 207, 6% (13/207), 41% (85/207), and 53% (109/207) were scored as grade I, II, III, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated a lack of association between labeling for the markers studied and tumor size and age of the patients. We confirmed an association between ER labeling and nuclear grade of breast cancer. The conflicting results obtained compared with the literature be because of differences in the immunohistochemical techniques applied in the various studies and to the scoring systems used.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3479-3482
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• 2013

Background: Proliferation markers widely have been used to diagnose and determine the behaviour and prognosis of benign and malignant tumours. Minichromosome maintenance 3 (MCM3) is a novel proliferation marker. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare MCM3 with Ki-67 in diagnosis of salivary gland tumours. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, immunohistochemical expression of MCM3 and Ki-67 was evaluated in 15 pleomorphic adenomas (PA), 17 mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC) and 18 adenoid cystic carcinomas (ADCC). Labeling indices (LIs) for the two markers were calculated and compared. Results: MCM3 and Ki-67 LIs were significantly higher in MEC and ADCC compared to PA. The LI of MCM3 was significantly higher than that of Ki-67 in MEC and PA. There was no significant difference between the two markers in ADCC. A cut-off point of 8% with 74.3% sensitivity and 93.3% specificity for MCM3 was obtained to discern between benign and malignant tumors. Conclusions: These results suggest that MCM3 might be a useful proliferation marker for differential diagnosis and recognition of clinical behavior of salivary gland tumors.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.324-330
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• 2017

Objectives: There are only a limited number of studies on cyclin D1 and p63 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and leukoplakia. This study compared cyclin D1 and p63 expression in leukoplakia and OSCC to investigate the possible correlation of both markers with grade of dysplasia and histological grade of OSCC. Materials and Methods: The study included a total of 60 cases, of which 30 were diagnosed with OSCC and 30 with leukoplakia, that were evaluated immunohistochemically for p63 and cyclin D1 expression. Protein expression was correlated based on grades of dysplasia and OSCC. Results: Out of 30 cases of OSCC, 23 cases (76.7%) were cyclin D1 positive and 30 cases (100%) were p63 positive. Out of 30 cases of leukoplakia, 21 cases (70.0%) were cyclin D1 positive and 30 (100%) were p63 positive (P<0.05). Conclusion: The overall expression of cyclin D1 and p63 correlated with tumor differentiation, and increases were correlated with poor histological grades, from well-differentiated to poorly-differentiated SCC. Increased cyclin D1 and p63 expression was associated with the severity of leukoplakia. Based on these results cyclin D1 and p63 products can be a useful tool for improved leukoplakia prognosis.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2018

Background: Popeye deformity is common after rupture of the biceps muscle's long head tendon. Herein, we report on histological changes in biceps brachii muscles following tenotomy of the long head biceps tendon. Methods: Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats (12-week-old) underwent tenotomy of the long head biceps tendon in the right shoulder. At postoperative weeks 4, 7, and 10, the operative shoulders were removed by detaching the biceps brachii muscle from the glenoid scapula and humerus; the opposite shoulders were removed as controls. H&E staining was performed to elucidate histological changes in myocytes. Oil-red O staining was performed to determine fatty infiltration. Myostatin antibody immunohistochemistry staining was performed as myostatin is expressed by skeletal muscle cells during myogenesis. Results: H&E staining results revealed no changes in muscle cell nuclei. There were no adipocytes detected. Compared with that of the control biceps, the cross-sectional area of the long head biceps was significantly smaller (p=0.00). Statistical changes in the total extent of the 100 muscle cells were significant (p=0.00). Oil-red O staining revealed no fatty infiltration. Myostatin antibody immunohistochemical staining revealed no significant difference between the two sides. Conclusions: Muscular changes after tenotomy of the long head biceps included a decrease in the size of the individual muscle cells and in relative muscle mass. There were no changes observed in muscle cell nuclei and no fatty infiltration. Moreover, there were no changes detected by myostatin antibody immunohistochemistry assay.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.89-102
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• 2003

Objective: The expression of CRF(corticotropin releasing factor), CRF-R(receptor) and CRF-BP(binding protein) in CNS neurons projecting to the stomach and ST36 using the pseudorabies virus in the rat was investigated. Methods: After survival times of 5 days following injection of PRV-Ba-Gal, The thirty rats were perfused, and their brain were frozen sectioned($30{\mu}m$). These sections were stained by PRV-Ba-Gal histochemical staining method and(or) CRF, CRF-R and CRF-BP immunohistochemical method. The common expressed areas of the brain projecting to the stomach and zusanli(ST36) following injection of PRV-Ba-Gal were observed with light microscope. Results: 1) The dense accumulation of CRF-immunoreactive terminals is seen in the area postrema, n. tractus solitarius, external zone of the median eminence, with some immunoreactive CRF also present in the internal zone. 2) Aggregates of CRF-R immunoreactive perikarya are found in area postrema, n. tractus solitarius, lateral reticular n., gigantocellular reticular n., locus coeruleues, paraventricular n. of hypothalamus, median eminence, preoptic n., arcuate n. and hind limb area of cerebral cortex. 3) Aggregates of CRF-BP immunoreactive perikarya are found in area postrema, n. tractus solitarius, lateral reticular nucleus, gigantocellular reticular n., locus coeruleues, paraventricular n. of hypothalamus, median eminence and arcuate n.. Conclusions : These results suggest that PRV-Ba-Gal labeled areas projecting to stomach and ST36 may be related to the central autonomic pathways. A part of CNS neurons projecting to the stomach and ST36 were related to expression of CRF, CRF-R and CRF-BP related to the stress in central autonomic center.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.2655-2660
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• 2016

Background: Prostate cancer is the second most common male cancer and remains a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Heterogeneity regarding recurrence, tumor progression and therapeutic response reflects the inadequacy of traditional prognostic factors and underlies interest in new genetic and molecular markers. In this work, we studied the prognostic value of the expression of 9 proteins, Ki-67, p53, Bcl-2, PSA, HER2, E-cadherin, $p21^{WAF1/Cip1}$, $p27^{Kip1}$ and $p16^{ink4a}$ in prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 50 prostate cancers diagnosed in Pathology Department of Farhet Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia, during a period of 12 months. Clinico-pathological data and survival were investigated. Protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on archived material. Results: Expression or over-expression of Ki-67, p53, Bcl-2, PSA, HER2, E-Cadherin, $p21^{WAF1/Cip1}$, $p27^{Kip1}$ and $p16^{ink4a}$ was observed in 68%, 24%, 32%, 78%, 12%, 90%, 20%, 44% and 56% of cases, respectively. Overall five-year survival was 68%. A statistically significant correlation was observed between death occurrence and advanced age (p=0.018), degree of tumor differentiation (p=0.0001), perineural invasion (p=0.016) and metastasis occurrence (p=0.05). Death occurrence was significantly correlated with the expression of p53 (p=0.007), Bcl-2 (p=0.02), Ki-67 (p=0.05) and $p27^{Kip1}$ (p=0.04). Conclusions: The p53, Bcl-2, Ki-67 and $p27^{Kip1}$ proteins may be useful additional prognostic markers for prostate cancer. The use of these proteins in clinical practice can improve prognosis prediction, disease screening and treatment response of prostatic cancer.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.97-107
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• 2015

Objectives Hataedock is the treatment that dispels toxic heat and meconium gathered at the fetus for the new born baby by orally administered herbal extracts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether Hataedock alleviate inflammatory skin damages in AD-induced NC/Nga mice through regulating of skin barrier maintain and Th2 differentiation. Methods We established an AD model in the 3-week-old NC/Nga mice through the repeated application of DNFB (dinitrochlorobenzene) on days 28, 35, 42 after Hataedock treatment which was orally administered. We identified the changes of skin barrier and Th2 differentiation through the histological and immunohistochemical changes of protein kinase C (PKC), interleukin (IL)-4, degranulated mast cell, Substance P and MMP-9. Results Our results suggested that Hataedock treatment significantly down-regulated levels of PKC by 82% (p < 0.001), as well as IL-4 by 56% (p < 0.001). Hataedock also suppressed mast cell infiltration, ear edema formation. and Substance P in the tissue of NC/Nga mice were decreased by 57% (p < 0.001), and MMP-9 by 55% (p < 0.001). Conclusions These results suggest that Hataedock alleviates AD through the down-regulation of PKC and Th2 cytokines, which are involved in the initial steps of AD development. Hataedock have potential application for the treatment of AD.