• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2019

Purpose: To present characteristic findings of Tc-99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HMDP) scintigraphy, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for osteonecrosis in the mandible, especially osteoradionecrosis(ORN) and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw(MRONJ). Materials and Methods: Thirteen patients with MRONJ and 7 patients with ORN in the mandible underwent Tc-99m HMDP scintigraphy, CT, and MR imaging (T1-weighted images[T1WI], T2-weighted images[T2WI], short inversion time inversion recovery images[STIR]), diffusion-weighted images[DWI], and apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC] mapping). The associations of scintigraphy, CT, and MR imaging findings with MRONJ and ORN were analyzed using the chi-square test with the Pearson exact test. Results: Thirteen patients with MRONJ and 7 patients with ORN in the mandible showed low signal intensity on T1WI and ADC mapping, high signal intensity on STIR and DWI, and increased uptake on scintigraphy. Periosteal bone proliferation on CT was observed in 69.2% of patients with MRONJ(9 of 13) versus 14.3% of patients with ORN(1 of 7)(P=0.019). Conclusion: This study presented characteristic imaging findings of MRONJ and ORN on scintigraphy, CT, and MR imaging. Our results suggest that CT can be effective for detecting MRONJ and ORN.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.358-365
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• 2019

This study was conducted to estimate the dimensions of horticultural products and the mean plant height of plug seedlings using three-dimensional (3D) images. Two types of camera, a ToF camera and a stereo-vision camera, were used to acquire 3D images for horticultural products and plug seedlings. The errors calculated from the ToF images for dimensions of horticultural products and mean height of plug seedlings were lower than those predicted from stereo-vision images. A new indicator was defined for determining the mean plant height of plug seedlings. Except for watermelon with tap, the errors of circumference and height of horticultural products were 0.0-3.0% and 0.0-4.7%, respectively. Also, the error of mean plant height for plug seedlings was 0.0-5.5%. The results revealed that 3D images can be utilized to estimate accurately the dimensions of horticultural products and the plant height of plug seedlings. Moreover, our method is potentially applicable for segmenting objects and for removing outliers from the point cloud data based on the 3D images of horticultural crops.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.574-590
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze the 'Pleasant Life' textbook in the elementary school focused on the perspective of ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. The first- and second-grade textbook 'Pleasant Life' of the revised 2007 national curriculum was made to serve build up sound body and mind through activities and play together with different products and life culture which is associated with multicultural education. But in the global world that is changing to the multicultural area, the textbook 'Pleasant Life' has a tendency to not to be satisfied this current needs. The analysis criterion is made up six elements: understanding culture, self-identify, human equality, conquest of prejudice and collaboration. The results of analysis on contents related to the multicultural education in the elementary 'Pleasant Life' textbook for the 1st and 2nd grade are follows. The first, in the plenty of images and pictures, there are not diverse races in the textbook. Yellow race naturally command an overwhelming majority in the textbook images and pictures. Second, the 'Pleasant Life' has a few multicultural contents and if teacher would not have will for teaching multicultural contents, he can't teach multicultural education. Third, 'Pleasant Life' textbook has overmuch ethnocentrism contents which is expressed traditional play and folk songs. These contents lead to exclusiveness for other culture to students. In conclusion, it is needed to grow concerns for multicultural education and the national curriculum should offer precise guidelines on the direction and standards of multicultural education.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.823-837
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate the firmness and the sweetness index (SI) of tomatoes with a hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technique within the wavelength range of 1000 - 1550 nm. The hyperspectral images of 95 tomatoes were acquired with a push-broom hyperspectral reflectance imaging system, from which the mean spectra of each tomato were extracted from the regions of interest. The reference firmness and sweetness index of the same sample was measured and calibrated with their corresponding spectral data by partial least squares (PLS) regression with different preprocessing methods. The calibration model developed by PLS regression based on the Savitzky-Golay second-derivative preprocessed spectra resulted in a better performance for both the firmness and the SI of the tomatoes compared to models developed by other preprocessing methods. The correlation coefficients ($R_{pred}$) were 0.82, and 0.74 with a standard error of prediction of 0.86 N, and 0.63, respectively. Then, the feature wavelengths were identified using a model-based variable selection method, i.e., variable importance in projection, from the PLS regression analyses. Finally, chemical images were derived by applying the respective regression coefficients on the spectral image in a pixel-wise manner. The resulting chemical images provided detailed information on the firmness and the SI of the tomatoes. The results show that the proposed HSI technique has potential for rapid and non-destructive evaluation of firmness and the sweetness index of tomatoes.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to describe a radiofrequency (RF) coil design for in vivo sodium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for use in small animals. Accumulating evidence has indicated the importance and potential of sodium imaging with improved magnet strength (> 7T), faster gradient, better hardware, multi-nucleus imaging methods, and optimal coil design for patient and animal studies. Thus, we developed a saddle-shaped sodium volume coil with a diameter/length of 30/30 mm. To evaluate the efficiency of this coil, bench-level measurement was performed. Unloaded Q value, loaded Q value, and ratio of these two values were estimated to be 352.8, 211.18, and 1.67, respectively. Thereafter, in vivo acquisition of sodium images was performed using normal mice (12 weeks old; n = 5) with a two-dimensional gradient echo sequence and minimized echo time to increase spatial resolution of images. Sodium signal-to-noise ratio in mouse kidneys (renal cortex, medulla, and pelvis) was measured. We successfully acquired sodium MR images of the mouse kidney with high spatial resolution (approximately 0.625 mm) through a combination of sodium-proton coils.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.62 no.7
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the hairstyle behavior, hairstyle image preference and life satisfaction of women in their 20s, 30s, and 40s, and to examine the differences of the hairstyle behavior, hairstyle image preference, and preferred hairstyle according to demographic variables. The research method was a survey method using a questionnaire. Total of 674 women in their 20s, 30s, and 40s were tested, 309 of whom residing in the Seoul metropolitan area, with the remaining 365 residing in Gangweon-Do. Life satisfaction factors such as socio-economic satisfaction, happiness, and physical satisfaction significantly influenced the women's hairstyle behavior. The women with higher level of physical satisfaction had higher level of conformity, individuality, fashion, and interpersonal orientation of hairstyle. It also showed that the higher the level of socio-economic satisfaction meant greater preference for graceful hairstyle images. As well as the level of happiness correlated with the preference for feminine and sophisticated hairstyle images. The women who preferred long layered wave hairstyles liked feminine, natural, and sophisticated hairstyle images. The women in their late 40s had higher interpersonal orientation of hairstyle than those in their early 20s and 30s. Overall, a natural hairstyle image was favored the most, whereas a unique image was favored the least.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.639-649
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• 2021

Background and objective: Various images from visual display terminals (VDTs) as well as living lighting are important parts of our daily life; thus, properly controlling the lighting environment - that is, illuminance, color temperature and good images from VDTs - can have a substantial effect on improving the mental health and work efficiency in everyday life. We examined electroencephalography (EEG) and heart rate variability (HRV) responses to various lighting conditions in 25 university students as they viewed images of a green landscape or traffic congestion. Methods: EEG was performed in darkness and when the room was illuminated with 10 different light-emitting diode (LED) color temperatures, while the EEG and HRV responses to green landscape or traffic congestion image stimuli were measured in darkness and during room illumination with three different LED color temperatures. Results: We found a significant difference between darkness and high LED illumination (400 lx) at 7 (CZ, F4, FZ, O1, O2, OZ, and T6) of 30 channels, while the alpha wave activity increased during darkness. In the second experiment, the green landscape image stimuli in the 30 lx-2600 K lighting condition elicited theta wave activity on the EEG, whereas the traffic congestion image stimuli under high LED illumination elicited high beta and gamma wave activities. Moreover, the subjects exhibited better stress coping ability and heart rate stability in response to green landscape image stimuli under illuminated conditions, according to their HRV. Conclusion: These results suggest that lower color temperatures and illumination levels alleviate tension, and that viewing green landscape image stimuli at low illumination, or in darkness, is effective for reducing stress. Conversely, high illumination levels and color temperatures are likely to increase tension and stress in response to traffic congestion image stimuli.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.1011-1025
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• 2014

A demosaicing method for a Bayer-like W-RGB color filter array (CFA) is proposed. When reproducing images from a W-RGB CFA, conventional color separation methods for W-RGB CFA are likely to cause blurring near the edges due to rough averaging using a color ratio of neighboring pixels. Moreover, these methods cannot be applied to real-life digital cameras with W-RGB CFA because the methods were proposed under an ideal situation, W=R+G+B, not a real-life situation, $W{\neq}R+G+B$. To improve edge performance, we propose a method of constant color difference assumption with inversed weight, which uses information from all edge directions for interpolating all missing color channels. The proposed method calculates the correlation between W, R, G, and B to enable its application to real-life digital cameras with W-RGB CFA. Simulations were performed to evaluate the proposed method using images captured from a real-life digital camera with W-RGB CFA. Simulation results shows that we can demosaic by using the proposed algorithm compared with the conventional one in about +34.79% SNR, +11.43% PSNR, +1.54% SSIM and 14.02% S-CIELAB error. Thus, the proposed method demosaics better than the conventional methods.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.70-83
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• 2004

The female image has been changed incessantly with age and has been eminently represented in cosmetic advertisement. The female images are changed from the classical images to the active and professional images with the historical current of cyber, digital, and fusion. These changes in the expression of female image are largely due to the spread of post-modernism, feminism, de-construction (Kim, 1994), digital information revolution, and increase of income. The female images in cosmetic advertisement have been expressed very variously with fashion, marketing target, and characteristics of articles. (Im, 1997) The cosmetic advertisements of pure and graceful images were popular in the past. But nowadays individual image, womanly image, and unchanged beautiful image are in vogue. Individual image is very popular in young generation with very short fashion period. Active career woman image represents passion and beauty with extension of women' social roles. Unchanged beautiful image in modern industrial pollution stands for the desire of keeping the beauty in youth. Brand is very important factor to consumers in purchasing. Brand is no larger the simple concept in the past, and accepted as reflection of the image, social status, service, and life-style(Lee, 1998) consumers are very favorable to foreign cosmetics with the increase of overseas travels and import. This phenomenon is considered as very natural, especially in young generation. To create a successful brand image, the harmony of quality, psychological preference, advertisement, and reasonable price are required. According to the questionnaire research implemented by the subject of college women students in five universities in Seoul, the majority of college women students purchase domestic cosmetic brands in cosmetic specialty stores and depend on the tips of acquaintances. Quality, skin-trouble, and brand are considered as special regards for purchasing. Especially, internet shopping in purchasing marks high growth rate and preference for foreign cosmetics is very ardent. It can be expected that the 21st century is the epoch of various small production different from the mass-production in the 20th century. Female image will be probably expressed with individual, emotional, and professional image in the media of digital, fusion, cyber, and technology culture. It can be said that the tendency of cosmetic purchasing in the future will be more focused on brand image and life style.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2016

Regarding global and local factors of a set of features, a given single image or multiple images is a common approach in image processing. This paper introduces an application of an adaptive version of non-local filter whose original version searches non-local similarity for removing noise. Since most images involve texture partner in both foreground and background, extraction of signified regions with texture is a challenging task. Aiming to the detection of visual attention regions for images with texture, we present the contrast analysis of image patches located in a whole image but not nearby with assistance of the adaptive filter for estimation of non-local divergence. The method allows extraction of signified regions with texture of images of wild life. Experimental results for a benchmark demonstrate the ability of the proposed method to deal with the mentioned challenge.