• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.324-330
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is on the meaning and variety about gender expressed in modern fashion. The results are as follows ; First, the typical masculine gender was authority, discretion as a result of heteropatriarchy focused on the western reason. It was conservative and the symbolic image type of the meaning excluded masculine sexual expression. Dress and its ornament was expressed as the style of straight silhouette, dark color, rough and stiff material. Second, the typical feminine gender was the symbolic image type of a mother and a wife defined relatively by man as a result of western heteropatriarchy and the image type which men regarded women as sexual objects. Dress and its ornament was expressed as the style of silhouette which let bodily curve out, light color, soft material. The most typical item is dress and suit. Third, androgyny has been described as the feminie gender of androgynous, which shows masculine image as the effect of feminism and social success of professional women. Dress and its ornament is expressed as the style of business suit, the symple of typical man's one. The masculine gender of androgynous is showed man's suit as silhouette that let bodily curve out, light color, exposure and soft material, which is the symbol of feminine dress, Fourth, unisex is the area of dress and its ornament used the sexless symbol which there has been no gender more because of the spread of sports and diffusion of leisure in life style.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.17-31
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• 2010

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of fashion innovativeness and national identity on Korean clothing benefits sought, style preferences, and purchase intention. The subjects were 765 male and female consumers who were residents in Seoul. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Scheffe test, and chi-square test. The results were as follows. There were five Korean clothing benefits sought: impression improvement/fashion orientation, national pride, individuality, brand, and comfort. Korean style preferences had four factors of daring/showy, active/simple, elegant, and sophisticated images. The subjects were categorized into three groups by fashion innovativeness and national indentity. The three groups were different in regard to Korean clothing benefits sought, Korean style preferences, and purchase intention. For example, the consumers who had a high fashion innovativeness sought benefits of impression improvement, individuality, and brand name. Also, they preferred daring/showy, elegant, and sophisticated images. In the meanwhile the consumers who had a high national identity sought benefits of national pride, comfort, and impression improvement. Also, they preferred an active/simple style and had an intention to purchase the clothing with Korean image.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.82-87
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• 2023

<Deep Sea> is an 3D animated film that stands out for its exceptional special effects and distinctive artistic style. The film employs a multitude of dazzling and vibrant ink particles, creating a strong sense of three-dimensionality and weightlessness, while simultaneously portraying a dreamlike and elegant representation of a deep sea ink painting. Furthermore, through the utilization of fragmented stream of consciousness narrative technique, the film establishes a unique artistic effect infused with a Chinese atmosphere. This paper by analyzing the unique particle ink art style and color and stream of consciousness narrative methods in film, this paper discusses the innovative art style generated by traditional ink art style combined with three-dimensional technology, and the integration of traditional ink art ideas and artistic conception in animated films. The objective is to cultivate a new ink art style and prove the importance of traditional cultural expression in animated films, while providing new perspectives for the future application of traditional art in animation.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.86-99
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• 1998

The aim of this study to examine the Hip-Hop style, one of the fashion trends of the new generation in the 1990s and to come up with a design with a Hip-Hop image. As the Counterculture, Black Renaissance, Pop Star Syndrome, the importance of Hip-Hop fashion in mass culture was recognized and given a firm place as one of the major cultural trends of the 1990s. Hip-Hop fashion has a history: it originated from the Caribbean style in the 1940s and was transformed into Rude Boys style in the 1960s, Two-tone style and Rastafarians style in the 1970s. Finally it was succeeded by B-boys and Flygirls style. Hip-Hop style combines characteristics of all three styles mixed in one, which are as follows. First, Neo-Hip-Hop Fashion, Second, Hip-Hop Reggae Fashion and Third, Graffiti Fashion. Based on these three Hip-Hop images of the 19905, an attempt will be made to produce a Design Planning with a predicted 1998 fashion trend. This research provides order sheets on ready-made clothes designed for new generation in their late 10s and early 20s. Design Concept, Image Map, Fabric, color direction will be offered on the basis of an image map drawn in line with the three design concepts incorporating three sub themes of Liveliness, Modern Ethnic, and Dynamic Future. Three designs will be designed based on the following fashion themes$\ddot{o}$ Generation 'Y', Black Guys and Street Boys.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.143-153
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to study face images according to the difference of facial shape and make-up. A variety of face images can be formulated by computer graphic simulation, combining numerously different facial shapes and make-up styles. In order to check out the diverse images by make-up styles, we applied five forms of eye brows, two types of eye shadows, and three lip shapes to the round-shaped face of a model. The question sheet, used with a operational stimulant in the experiment, contained 28 articles, composed of a pair of bi-ended adjective in 7 point scale. Data were analyzed using Varimax perpendicular rotation method, Duncan's Multiple Range Test, and Three-way ANOVA. After comparing various results of make-up application to various face types, we could find that facial shape, eye-brows, eye-shadow, and lip shapes influence interactively on total facial images. As a result of make-up image perception analyses, a factor structure was divided into mildness, modernness, elegance, and sociableness. Speaking of make-up image in terms of those factors, round form make-up style showed the highest level of mildness. Upward and straight style of make-up had the highest of modernness. Elegance level went highest when eye shadow style was round form and lip style was straight. Lastly, an incurve lip make-up style showed the highest of sociableness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the style and the color of jacket, the style of shirt, and stimulus-manufacturing method on men's image perception. A quasi-experimental method by questionnaire was used, and the experimental design was $2{\times}2{\times}2{\times}2$ (jacket style${\times}$jacket color${\times}$shirt style${\times}$stimulus-manufacturing method) factorial design. Computer simulation picture and photograph were used for stimulus-manufacturing method. Subjects were 377 women in the metropolitan area of Seoul. The data were analyzed by using factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$-reliability coefficient, and three-way ANOVA. The men's image derived five dimensions by factor analysis; neatness, ability, activity, individuality, and sociability. Tailored jacket with jean pants was evaluated higher in ability, individuality, and sociality than jumper with jean pants, and jumper was evaluated higher than tailored jacket in activity. The indigo jacket was evaluated lower in individuality in the picture stimuli than in the photograph stimuli. The beige tailored jacket with jean pants was evaluated higher in activity than indigo tailored jacket. However, the indigo jumper was evaluated higher in activity than beige jumper. Dress shirt under the tailored jacket was evaluated higher in ability and individuality than T-shirt under the tailored jacket. T-shirt under the jumper was evaluated higher in activity than dress shirt.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.367-376
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyze the image evaluation and the preference of tailored jacket focused on the collar's figure according to the body type and the degree of satisfaction with their body of middle-aged women. For this study, twenty seven different types of tailored jacket were designed with some variation of their silhouette, the length and the collar's figure on three hundred and twenty three middle-aged women ranging from 35 to 50 years old. There was a significant difference in the image evaluation and the preference of tailored jacket according to the body type of middleaged women. The women of the type 1 evaluated that portrait lapel collar were the most fascinating, elegant and active, tender and they preferred that style. The women of the type 2 evaluated that breast lapel collar were the most fascinating, elegant and active, tender and they preferred that style. The women of the type 3 evaluated that breast lapel collar were the most fascinating, elegant and active, tender and they preferred that style. The women of the type 4 evaluated that waist lapel collar were the most fascinating, elegant and active, tender and they preferred that style. There was a meaningful difference in the image evaluation and the preference of tailored jacket according to the degree of satisfaction with their bodies. As satisfied with their face size, they thought breast/portrait lapel collar were more attractive, graceful and active, soft and they preferred that style. As satisfied with weight they regarded portrait lapel collar as more attrative, graceful and active, soft and they preferred that style. In this study we found that the middle-aged women evaluated the tailored jacket which was looking esthetic and fitting their body types, as the most attrative, elegant, active, and tender clothing and they prefered that kind of tailored jacket.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.680-688
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• 2014

The aim of this research is to classify intrinsic attribution of 'la diff$\acute{e}$rance images' which are core propositions of changeability of fashion style. The specific questions of this research are; what are the definition of 'changeability of fashion', 'la diff$\acute{e}$rance' and 'supplement' and what are the relationships?, how the la diff$\acute{e}$rance images which are intrinsic of changeability of fashion style exist? and what is intrinsic attribution of 'ultimate la diff$\acute{e}$rant image', 'immediate la diff$\acute{e}$rant image' and 'la diff$\acute{e}$rant image of the trace'? The researchers deployed a qualitative research method providing a systematic review of the previous studies. In conclusion, the 'supplement' phenomenon and 'la diff$\acute{e}$rant images' shown in the changeability of fashion style, covers up the gap between the structural layers through the play led by supplement logic in the subconscious place of la diff$\acute{e}$rance of dialectical frame. They produce styles that have current value and become generalized la diff$\acute{e}$rant images of trace through the play of 'la dissemination.' These images repeat their individual play to reproduce a new different 'la diff$\acute{e}$rant images' and complete the aesthetics of harmony in the state of 'reservation,' 'deferment' and 'postponement'. The images are ready to make history and they create 'ultimate la diff$\acute{e}$rant images' from the demand of different period, and tries to combine with 'supplement' within 'the gap of la diff$\acute{e}$rance.' This process endlessly repeats in the dialectical frame through the la diff$\acute{e}$rant' play led by time and space, and it continuously produces new style that is required by different time and space.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.75-88
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• 2014

This research aims to introduce the external type of natural funeral landscape facilities and to examine the effect of its visual image factor on the preference for them. For this purpose, a survey was conducted among 549 persons including 224 experts on the funeral services. The majority of respondents in this research live in the Seoul, Daejeon, Jeonju, and Busan areas. Burial place facilities and memorial facilities among natural funeral landscape facilities for the study are selected and categorized into five types, respectively. Of these, the funeral area type includes a woody style, a garden style, a flower style, a grass style and a scattered ashes style. As a result, firstly, from the factor analysis, three image factors are extracted such as a physical factor, an external-appearing factor and a symmetrical factor from the burial place facilities. Secondly, the most flavored among 5 burial palace facilities is woody style, followed a flower style, a garde style, a grass style and a scattered ashes style. Third, we draw a perception map based on the average values of each image factors. Forth, we find some significant difference in the evaluation of the image factors of burial place facilities by characteristics of the respondents. The gender, age, the education level and the facilities type reveal the significant difference in a physical factor. Moreover, we find a significant difference in the level of an external-appearing factor according to a gender, religion, a group members, and in the level of a symmetrical factor according to the gender, the education level, and the facilities type. Fifth, we execute a regression analysis in order to analyze the effect of the image factors on its preference for the burial place and memorial facilities. We find a positive effect of a physical, an external appearing and a symmetrical factor on its preference. Finally, we examine a moderating effect of a group member between the image factors and its preference. We find a significant positive moderating effect of an external-appearing factor for a garden style in the case of the burial place facilities. In this study are suggests that fix the problem of natural funeral landscape facilities typical naming contribute to the development of the early beginning natural funeral landscape facilities and study on development of natural funeral landscape facilities suitable for domestic. In addition, this study has shown that having rational guideline when people use natural funeral that develop a funeral culture through preference natural funeral standard visual image analysis such as preserve the traditional funeral philosophy and a new aesthetic needs.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.49-58
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• 2006

In the 21st century, fashion design trend is focused on 'retro'. 'Retro' is the one of the important trends in this century. In the rapidly changing present, the more people want to find a clue to the hope and happiness from the past nostalgia. Reflecting such people's desire, retro fashion has boomed again from 2000 as one of powerful trends. This research conforms the meaning of retro fashion and characteristic of retro fashion design. And through this processing, it was find that retro fashion design had lost century retro romantic fahion image. Therefore, in this research, the processing about development of retro dress design of retro romantic fashion image was showed by using CAD. The results of this study are as followings. First, Retro fashion is worth the high value of good producr of new and creative for consumers who pursuit tranquil mood in the midist of dailly change Second, Nostalgia and revival of style for each 10 years after 1920's is well brought out in Retro trend of modernt fashion. Also decorative and elegant style are marked by retro romantic fashion mood. Third, fashion design using the computer graphics was presented by application retro romatic image. It is mixed with elegance and modernity based on retro feeling, It is suggested that computer graphics was effectively used in fashion design development to the newly romantic and modern style through 1950'-1960'intimate retro fashion image.