• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.3 no.5
• /
• pp.64-73
• /
• 1995

A numerical simulation of heat and fluid flow for predicting the effect of passage arrangement in automotive heat battery has been performed. The system is assumed to be a two-dimensional laminar flow and isothermal boundary is applied to the surface of the latent heat storage vessel. In the case of ideal heat battery the flow rate into each flow passage is evenly distributed. The various models are considered in the view of pressure drop and bulk temperature. The effects on the efficiency of the heat battery are examined by varying geometrical factors such as flow passage clearance, length of a inlet and outlet tank and the length of a latent heat storage vessel. The flow clearance is a very important -factor on the efficiency of a heat battery. As the flow passage clearance becomes narrow, the flow distribution becomes uniform and the bulk temperature increases, however the pressure drop is large. Therefore, optimal flow passage clearance has to be chosen. The present work can be used in optimizing heat battery efficiency.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2021

Purpose: The study sought to uncover the effect of emotional labour strategies (surface acting and deep acting) on job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion. The study also purposed to analyse the moderating effect of organisational support (supervisory support and co-worker support) and the role of gender on emotional labour connotations. Research design, data and methodology: A conceptual framework was developed using extant literature which led to the examination of deep acting and surface acting, which are the two main strategies of emotional labour. The outcome variables were emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. Data was collected from front line employees of banks and was analysed using SEM-AMOS version 21. Results: It was revealed, in this study, that surface acting is inversely related to job satisfaction and positively related to emotional exhaustion, whereas deep acting was positively related to job satisfaction and inversely related to emotional exhaustion. The roles of gender and organisational support were also confirmed. Conclusions: The study therefore concluded that deep acting is the most ideal strategy of emotional labour as it leads to job satisfaction and reduced emotional exhaustion. Surface acting is a harmful emotional labour strategy.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.68 no.4
• /
• pp.169-198
• /
• 2016

This study shows the meaning on context of social work practicum that college students have experienced. It reveals to find a essence of social work practicum based on college students through free variation. They met a "high barrier" from the beginning of social work practicum. There were "confused boundary of role as well as work". "Dilemma" has been accessed, so they felt various emotions for social work and social worker to be able to exist. "Various practice place" meant to continue as a multi-player with a weak appearance and confront for time as who he/she is. This was connected to whole life time for individually. Disclosure was as below. identity as a social worker(to be) was consisted beyond interaction between student and supervisor. Organization of social work practicum was considered when they had taken a part in. Gap must find out to be disappeared between ideal things and real things about social work practicum. Ideal type of college education for social work as well as whole education for all were needed.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.6 no.8
• /
• pp.1352-1357
• /
• 2002

This Paper describes algorithm to extract license plates in vehicle images. Conventional methods perform preprocessing on the entire vehicle image to produce the edge image and binarize it. Hough transform is applied to the binary image to find horizontal and vertical lines, and the license plate area is extracted using the characteristics of license plates. Problems with this approach are that real-time processing is not feasible due to long processing time and that the license plate area is not extracted when lighting is irregular such as at night or when the plate boundary does not show up in the image. This research uses the gray level transition characteristics of license plates to verify the digit area by examining the digit width and the level difference between the background area the digit area, and then extracts the plate area by testing the distance between the verified digits. This research solves the problem of failure in extracting the license plates due to degraded plate boundary as in the conventional methods and resolves the problem of the time requirement by processing the real time such that practical application is possible. This paper Presents a power automated license plate recognition system, which is able to read license numbers of cars, even under circumstances, which are far from ideal. In a real-life test, the percentage of rejected plates wan 13%, whereas 0.4% of the plates were misclassified. Suggestions for further improvements are given.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.35 no.5
• /
• pp.1039-1049
• /
• 2015

The inflow estimation at large multipurpose dam reservoir is carried out by considering the water balance among the discharge, the storage change during unit time interval obtained from the observed water level near dam structure and area-volume curve. This method can be ideal for level pool reservoir but include potential errors when the inflow is influenced by the water level slope due to backwater effects from upstream flood inflows and strong wind induced by typhoon. In addition, the other uncertainties arisen from the storage reduction due to sedimentation after the dam construction and water level noise due to mechanical vibration transmitted from the electric power generator. These uncertainties impedes the accurate hydraulic inflow measurement requiring exquisite hydrometric data arrangement for reservoir waterbody. In this study, the distributed hydrologic model using UBC-3P boundary setting was applied and its feasibility was evaluated. Finally, the modeling performance has been verified since the calculated determination coefficient has been in between 0.96 to 0.99 after comparing with observed peak inflow and total inflow at Namgang dam reservoir.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.41-54
• /
• 2024

Regular monitoring plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety of geotechnical structures. Currently, nondestructive methods are employed to monitor such structures to minimize the impact, e.g., sensor-based accelerometers, displacement meters, image-based lasers, and drone imaging. These technologies can observe surface changes; however, they frequently suffer difficulties in terms of identifying changes in internal properties. To monitor changes in internal properties, in situ geotechnical investigations can be employed. A nondestructive test that can be used for this purpose is the spectral analysis of surface wave (SASW) test using geophones. The SASW test is a nondestructive method; however, due to the time required for data interpretation and the difficulty in analyzing the data, it is challenging to use the SASW test for monitoring applications that require frequent observations. However, it is possible to apply the first-step analysis, which yields the dispersion curve, for monitoring rather than the complete SASW analysis, which yields the shear wave velocity. Thus, this paper presents a fundamental study on the phase difference that derives the dispersion curve to utilize the SASW test for monitoring. The reliability of each phase difference interval is examined to determine the boundary to the subjected monitor. The study used phase difference data obtained using a geophone from a single-layered, homogeneous ground site to evaluate reliable boundaries. The findings of this study are expected to improve the utility of monitoring by identifying the ideal boundary for phase difference data.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.38-43
• /
• 2017

This study analyzes the role of the Sorting Hat in structuring the identity of the characters in the Harry Potter series written by J. K. Rowling. In the different stages of adolescence, one explores and re-establishes one's identity. One's sense of identity is determined by the commitments made regarding personal and social traits. However, it is difficult to establish a concrete identity formation process theory that is communicable to adolescents. In Harry Potter, the characters' identities are reflected upon the Sorting Hat and are continuously molded throughout the book. The Sorting Hat provides nurturing experiences based on temperament. Based primarily on their temperament, it sorts the students into four houses, each with their own distinct characteristics. Once sorted, the houses become the living and learning communities in which the students share the same dormitory and classes until their graduation. Within the community, the students seek connections, supportive relationships, and understanding within the group. The taking on of the group identity is an explanatory variable in the formation of individual identity. The Sorting Hat provides the students with stability and a safe boundary. After being sorted based on their temperament, the inexperienced and immature adolescents can explore different options under the guidance of the Hat before making a definite commitment. By presenting them with an appropriate environment (such as a mentor, friend, or family member), the Hat further shapes their identity and integrates the identity elements ascribed in the beginning. By providing experiences and interactions based on their unique temperament and environment, the Sorting Hat plays a crucial role in establishing the students' identities. The Sorting Hat can be an ideal model for finding one's identity during adolescence.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.1173-1196
• /
• 2014

Real-time dynamic substructuring tests have been conducted on a cable-deck system. The cable is representative of a full scale cable for a cable-stayed bridge and it interacts with a deck, numerically modelled as a single-degree-of-freedom system. The purpose of exciting the inclined cable at the bottom is to identify its nonlinear dynamics and to mark the stability boundary of the semi-trivial solution. The latter physically corresponds to the point at which the cable starts to have an out-of-plane response when both input and previous response were in-plane. The numerical and the physical parts of the system interact through a transfer system, which is an actuator, and the input signal generated by the numerical model is assumed to interact instantaneously with the system. However, only an ideal system manifests a perfect correspondence between the desired signal and the applied signal. In fact, the transfer system introduces into the desired input signal a delay, which considerably affects the feedback force that, in turn, is processed to generate a new input. The effectiveness of the control algorithm is measured by using the synchronization technique, while the online adaptive forward prediction algorithm is used to compensate for the delay error, which is present in the performed tests. The response of the cable interacting with the deck has been experimentally observed, both in the presence of delay and when delay is compensated for, and it has been compared with the analytical model. The effects of the interface delay in real-time dynamic substructuring tests conducted on the cable-deck system are extensively discussed.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 1982

It is one of the basic problems of naval architecture and ocean engineering how to describe the wave kinematics normally under the assumption of an ideal fluid. At present, there are many wave theories available for design purposes. These can be classified into two groups: One is the analytic theory and the other is the numerical theory. This paper briefly introduces the stream function method of R.G. Dean which belongs to the latter group and shows its numerical evaluations exemplified for two cases: One is applied to observed waves and the other is for design waves. In the former case, the wave profiles are calculated by the stream function method and compared with those of the observed waves and also with the results of R.G. Dean. They show good agreement. In the latter case, the wave kinematics and wave loads on a column of diameter 1m are calculated by the stream function method and these are compared with those resulted from the 5th-order gravity wave theory. As a result of comparison the values by the stream function method are slightly larger than those by the 5th-order gravity wave theory but the difference are negligible. From this it is concluded that the stream function method is very useful. And as characteristics of the numerical theories, the stream function method of R.G. Dean can be easily extended to the higher order terms and can include easily the current velocity and the pressure distribution on the free surface. In addition, when the data of observed wave profile are given, this method can reproduced the observed wave profile as closely as possible so that this method seems to describe the ocean wave more realistically. And from standpoint of a mathematical principle the stream function method exactly satisfies the kinematic free-surface boundary condition.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.49-54
• /
• 2007

In the 21th century, the age of image, people express and evaluate with images. Image is a symbol of a person or a thing. It simulates people's visual sense most quickly and precisely and is shared in the society. At the time, since it is acknowledged that there are few books available and lack of theoretical system with regard to image making, the purpose of this study was to get a theoretical access to image making by taking as an empirical case the case of Choi Byeongryeol, a candidate running for the congress in June 4, 1998 and combining it with theories of costume. Research methods employed here were to investigate the theoretical system of image making and fashion direction, and to analyze empirical cases. The boundary of the empirical case was limited to the candidate's fashion direction during the election period for 50 days from April 1998 to the election date June 4, 1998. The results of this study are as follows. First, personal image making aims at the establishment of one's own identity through building up an ideal image. Second, it is found that personal image making can make a complete image possible through fashion direction. Third, it is found that fashion direction functions as a symbol and communicative means with a result that the effect can penetrate to the society accurately and quickly. Fourth, it is found that fashion direction fit for a situation can enhance personal values and reinforce his or her competitive power to carry out the ultimate goals in the society. This study proved that fashion styling for personal image making expresses a person in a symbolic image, enhances his/her personal value in the society and, ultimately, contributes to the establishment of an individual's identity.