• 한국의류학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.203-215
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• 1995

The funning process in the symbolism of dress can be approached by the semiotics of C. S. Pierce. According to Pearce\ulcorners theory, symbiosis consists of sign, its object, and interpret ant. Especially Pierce classifies the sign into three categories; icon, index, and symbol. The icon is based on the similarity in properties and forms, and the index is based on the actual connection with their objects, while the symbol is based on the association of interpret ant. This classification method can be considered as a theoretical base for symbol of ritual dress. On the other hand, it was discussed the analyzing method of the concept of dress same (symbolic element) by introducing the isolate concept of structuralism for explaining how the symbol reveals itself. So it is discussed the several concepts of structuralism; the concept of relation syntagmatique and relation paradigmatique, the relation binaries, and the units. It would be also necessary to consider dimension of context in addition to dimension of dress itself for the dimension of total symbolic elements of ritual dress. It is proposed that the above developed dress symbol elements should be used for under\ulcornerstanding the society or culture that includes the elements by introducing the symbolic anthropology such as V. Turner's three dimensions of symbol.

• 한국디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국디자인학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.66-67
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• 2005

기존의 데스크톱 컴퓨터가 고정된 공간에서만 사용되는데 반해 개인용 정보단말기(PDA)는 이동하면서 사용이 가능하다는 특징 때문에 소형화면과 작은 부피, 가벼운 용량의 특징을 지닌다. 그러나 이러한 제한된 화면에서는 한 번에 볼 수 있는 정보량이 적어 사용자 중심의 PDA용 GUI 아이콘 설계를 위해서는 우선 PC와 PDA간의 호환을 자유롭게 하는 인터페이스 디자인이 선행되어야 한다. 기존 소형화면에서는 한 번에 볼 수 있는 정보량이 적기 때문에 전체에 대한 개관이 불가능했고, 많은 정보를 담으면, 내용이해가 어려웠는데, 본 논문에서는 효율적인 GUI 아이콘 설계를 통해 정보의 ‘집중’과 ‘선택’ 이 가능한 PDA의 인터페이스 디자인을 알아보고자 한다. 대량 정보를 작은 화면에 종합적으로 담아내어 개관을 가능하게 하고, 정보의 내용과 가치를 아이콘의 크기와 색, 수직 혹은 수평적인 움직임 등의 시각화를 통해 차별화시킴으로써 개별 정보내용의 이해를 가능하게 한다. 앞으로 PDA와 PC의 표준화된 호환 가능한 브라우저가 모든 PDA에 기본 인터페이스로 장착된다면, 다른 매체들 간의 데이터 전송 시스템의 호환을 순조롭게 하여 경제적인 파급 효과 뿐만 아니라 차세대 이동통신의 영역까지 확장하여 산업적인 파급효과도 클 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2005

웹 기반 응용프로그램의 메뉴(Menu) 및 아이콘(Icon)등으로 구성된 인터페이스(Interface)는 사용자 인지체계와 적절히 순응되어야 한다. 특히 본 연구에서는 응용프로그램의 특정 기능이 아동의 효과적인 아이디어의 발상을 목적으로 삼고 있어, 이와 관련하여 사용자 인터페이스(User Interface)에 대한 세심한 연구와 분석으로 보다 합리적인 Web사용 환경을 조성할 필요가 있다. 이 연구에서는 디자이너의 아이디어 발상을 돕기 위해 개발된 CGTS의 전문적인 문자위주의 화면구성을 초등학생이 사용하기 쉽도록 메뉴구성과 아이콘의 유형, 선호하는 용어 등으로 CGTS를 수정하는데 목적을 두고 있다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2009

The purpose of this research is to develop a protocol which can quantitatively evaluate cognitive ability that is needed when elderly people use mobile phone. Since previous methods for measuring the cognitive ability of elderly people was mainly for clinical evaluation, they would not be adequate to measure cognitive ability for mobile phone development. Therefore, this study suggests cognitive areas which are necessary to use the mobile phone based on the existing evaluation tools. The cognitive areas consist of language, visuospatial ability, memory, executive function and perception. New questionnaire was developed to evaluate the individual cognitive ability for the elderly. They include 9 questions for button comprehension test, 8 for icon button comprehension test, 10 for vocabulary comprehension test, 8 for menu comprehension test, 3 for icon size test, and 2 for font size test. The protocol can be used in the field although further modification may be necessary for betterment.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2004년도 추계학술발표논문집(상)
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• pp.959-962
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• 2004

스마트폰(Smartphone)은 휴대 전화(Mobilephone) 기반에 개인용 정보 단말기(PDA: Personal Digital Assistance)의 장점을 합친 고기능, 다기능의 신개념 휴대 정보통신기기이며, 현재 계속하여 데이터 통신 기능은 물론 카메라, MP3 플레이어 기능 등 기존 휴대폰의 영역을 훨씬 넘어 PC의 영역에 범접하는 다양한 디지털 컨버전스가 이루어지고 있다. 이런 이유로 스마트폰 제조사예서는 기존 휴대 전화기에 비해 훨씬 많아진 정보의 양에 비해 상대적으로 좁은 크기의 액정 화면에 다양한 기능을 표시할 수밖에 없게 되었고, 그 결과 최종 사용자들은 화면 구성이 복잡한 스마트폰을 경험하게 되었다. 본 연구의 목적은 기존 스마트폰의 복잡한 기능중심 화면 표시 중에서 특히 아이콘(Icon)의 형태를 사용자 중심(User Oriented)의 아이콘으로 개선하는 방안을 제안하고, 이의 정략적 개선 효과를 검증하는데 있다. 본 연구는 2 단계의 실험 과정을 거쳐 수행되었으며, 첫 번째 실험에서는 스마트폰의 최종 사용자들 대상으로 평면적인 아이콘과 입체적인 아이콘의 정보 전달 효율성을 비교 측정하고, 두 번째 실험에서는 아이콘과 텍스트의 결합 유무에 따른 정보 전달 효율성을 측정하여, 2 단계의 실험 과정을 통해 분석한 아이콘의 최적 형태를 도출하였다. 본 연구에서는 측정한 실험 결과를 통하여 텍스트와 그래픽의 형식이 결합된 입체적인 아이콘의 형태가 최종 사용자를 위한 정보 전달에 있어 가장 효율적인 아이콘 형태임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1410-1420
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze characteristics of effective expression on T-shirts pattern by peirce's semiotic theory. The methods of this study was to analyze 721 T-shirts patterns in designer's collection from 2000 to 2004. The results of this study were as follows: First of all, iconic expression showed high frequency after 2000. Characteristics of effective expression were as follows: In geometric expression, repetition was presented as a symbolic sign by regular proportion and rule of dot, line, plane, irregularity, mixture of irregular dot, line, plane. Mixed expression was presented as a iconic and symbolic sign by collage, mixture of dot, line, plane, icon and letter. In iconic expression, simplification of iconic sigrl was presented as a iconic sign by simplification of form, color, texture, realistic expression using digital as a iconic sign, and symbolic face, body as a symbolic sign. Pop art's expression was presented as a iconic sign by a cartoon and commercial character and illusion was presented as a iconic sign. In letter's expression, brand logo was presented as a symbolic sign by transformation of letter's design, a symbolic sign of numeral by transformation of size, thickness, form, color. Symbolic message phrase was presented by slogan, fashion trend, brand image, descriptive indication message as a index sign by using icon or singleness. In conclusion, characteristics of effective expression on T-shirts pattern will present not only the theoretical foundation to raise the value added, but also the information about beauty sense of times, political and social value.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.66-71
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• 2011

현 증례보고는 백색 병소의 치료에 있어 Icon (DMG)을 사용한 레진 침투법과 Opalustre (Ultradent Products, Inc.)를 사용한 미세연마술의 효과를 비교하였다. 현 연구의 결과는 비록 두 치료 방법 모두가 백색 병소를 완전히 제거하지는 못하였으나, 레진 침투법이 좀 더 효과적임을 보여주었다. 따라서 레진 침투법은 백색 병소의 치료에 우선적으로 선택될 수 있으며, 이 때 증례 선택에 주의를 기울여야 할 것이다.

• 대한설비관리학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2018

Nowadays, as IT industry is being developed, many studies are in progress in the areas of user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) and interest in the icons related to these areas are rising accordingly. IT developments have also influenced the vessel sector promoting the development of navigation equipment and systems utilizing IT. However, due to complicated functions of navigation equipment and systems, concerns have been noted about the increased cognitive burden on officers, along with the need for researches on reducing such burden. This study, therefore, was conducted focusing on the design of icons that will reduce cognitive burden on officers when using a typical navigation equipment such as ECDIS(Electric Chart Display and Information System). Based on a survey conducted with experts who have rich experiences in navigation and are currently teaching ECDIS in universities, the present study identified the functions of ECDIS, for which icons should be designed. Accordingly, suitable icons for ECDIS were designed and their effects were evaluated. It is expected that the results of this study will be used as basic data for the design of icons for other navigation equipment in the future.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제66권4호
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• pp.476-481
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• 2023

Objective : The latest version of the Leksell Gamma Knife Icon^TM allows for mask- and frame-based fixation. Although mask fixation provides fractionated treatment and immobilization using a noninvasive method, it is not free from collision. The authors investigated the collision problem with a modified mask fixation method. Methods : This study presents a case of two meningiomas in the frontal area, where a collision occurs in the occipital area. A modified mask fixation method was introduced to avoid the collision : first, the edges of the head cushion were cut off and polystyrene beads with a diameter of approximately 5 cm were removed. Next, the head cushion was sealed using a stapler. Finally, the head cushion was flattened in the adapter. We compared the shot coordinates, 3-dimensional (3D) error, clearance distance, and vertical depth of the head cushion between the initial and modified mask fixations. Results : When comparing the initial and modified mask fixations, the difference in the shot coordinates was +10.5 mm along the y-axis, the difference in the 3D error was approximately 18 mm, and the difference in clearance was -10.2 mm. The head cushion was approximately 8 mm deeper in the modified mask fixation. Conclusion : Based on these findings, we recommend a modified mask fixation method for gamma knife radiosurgery using ICON with a collision.

• 복식
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

Che Guevara spearheading the Cuban Revolution was not only the icon as the revolutionary to the New-leftists of the 1960s advocating the ideology of Marxism but, as the cultural revolutionary, had a tremendous influence on the younger generation living in the digital age Che Guevara take on a figure of both the symbol of the Leftist but the romantic revolutionary because he had the external features such as black beret, red stars, military upper jackets and trousers, beard and pipe tobacco. In fact, the symbolic image of Che Guevara was made as the popular image by the avantgarde artists and political vanguard forces of the times under the necessity of Cuban government. Afterwards, the image of Che Guevara has been patronized in making people of aware of the resistant and revolutionary image to capital, power and the power of the media and symbolized as the resistant image to the American capital as well as the revolutionary guerrilla. And his image has continued to be reproduced and symbolized for the commercial and political purposes and as the enthusiastic image of youth culture. This can be seen as having been created as a new image by the popular culture formed by the development of the cyber culture and mass media in the cyberspace shaped by contemporary 'N' generations. The use of Che Guevara's symbolic image was made in the fashion field as well as in the cultural and artistic circles. The borrowing of the icon of Che Guevara represented in a fashion field is attributed to his free spirit, and it can be seen that fashion exists as the vehicle for representing both the symbol system and the sign system containing ideologies and texts as the communicator of resistance to the regime and to social issues. Therefore, this study attempted to investigate the commercial iconization of Che Guevara in the 1990s by comparing the ideology of the symbol in the 1960s and the 1990s and inquire into the borrowing of his image by the fashion domain as well as the fashion worn by him by reference to domestic books and materials on the fashion site. Thereby, this study attempted to make clear that the borrowing of Che Guevara in the realm of fashion since the 1990s not only contained the meaningful interpretation as the symbolic code in the culture of young people living in a digital era but fashion performs an intervening role in the cultural phenomenon.