• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 2012

Gastric ulcers are rare in children and are typically seen in cases of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use, and critical illnesses such as sepsis. The risk of a bleeding ulcer due to use of NSAIDs is dependent on the dose, duration, and the individual NSAIDs, but the bleeding may occur soon after the initiation of NSAID therapy. An experience is described of a 16-month-old infant with a bleeding gastric ulcer after taking the usual dosage of ibuprofen for 3 days. The infant was also successfully treated with endoscopic hemostasis. Even a small amount of ibuprofen may be associated with bleeding gastric ulcers in infant.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.129-135
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• 2009

PPCP (pharmaceuticals and personal care products) is known as micropollutant that is released from wastewater treatment plant. Research represents that these contaminants have increased in the last 10 years. This study tries to make four different trickling filter systems using plastic fiber media to remove PPCP such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, caffeine. The results of the experiment that compares the process efficiencies of four different systems (A, B, C and D) using HBC media show that almost all the reactor has around 95% removal efficiency. Slope type HBC reactor has twice higher efficiency rather than submerged type reactor to remove PPCP in water system. In 8 hours, 89% of acetaminophen, ibuprofen, caffeine are removed in slope type reactor while 39% of them in submerged type.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.320-323
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• 2002

A method for the determination of acidic drug, mefenamic acid and ibuprofen with ion-selective electrode(ISE) using Fe(II)-di-2-pyridyl ketone oxime complex as a counter ion were developed. Benzyl-2-nitrophenyl ether(BNPE) plasticized membrane was more selective and sensitive than the other tested membranes. The acidic drug selective electrode exhibits a linear response for 10$^{-2}$ M 510$^{-5}$ M of acidic drugs, mefenamic acid and ibuprofen with a slope of -55.9 and -56.3 mV/dec. in borate buffer solution (pH 8.9). Potentiometric selectivity measurements revealed negligible interferences from aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acid salts. The electrodes were found to be useful for the direct determination of mefenamic acid and ibuprofen in pharmaceutical preparations.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.273-279
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• 1987

The effects of organic acidic drugs on the absorption, excretion and diuretic action of furosemide were studied. Cefalexin, p-aminohippuric acid (PAH), ibuprofen and p-amino salicylic acid (PAS) were selected as organic acidic drugs. The in situ absorption rate and absorption rate constant of furosemide (30$\mu{M}$) were significantly (p<0.05) decreased by 30$\mu{M}$ of cefalexin, PAH, ibuprofen and PAS in rat small intestine. The plasma concentration of furosemide was significantly (p<0.01) increased by cefalexin, PAH and ibuprofen in rabbits. But the urinary excretion rate, renal clearance and diuretic action of furosemide were significantly (p<0.05) decreased by cefalexin, PAH, ibuprofen and PAS in rabbits.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.223.3-224
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• 2003

Chiral discrimination of ibuprofen by $^1$H-NMR using several chiral solvating agents such as (-)-brucine, (-)-cinchonidine, (1R, 2S)-(-)-ephedrine, (S)-(-)-${\alpha}$- methylbenzylamine, (-)-strychnine and L-(-)-tryptophane was investigated. Racemic ibuprofen treated with one equivalent of chiral solvating agent was preferentially crystallized. Chiral purity of each precipitates was measured by chiral HPLC and chemical shift differences(ΔΔ$\delta$) was calculated. Eventhough (S)-(-)-${\alpha}$-methylbenzylamine was most effective for the preferential recrystalization of (S)-(+)-ibuprofen, chemical shift differentiation ability was weak. (omitted)

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.232-237
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• 2016

Cocrystallization of active pharmaceutical ingredients has been widely recognized as a versatile tool to regulate the physical properties of pharmaceutical compounds through designed crystal structures. Grinding or milling has been especially useful to screen the feasibility of cocrystal formation, and the addition of a small amount of liquid is routinely necessary. In the present study, the effect of temperature was studied for the milling cocrystallization of ibuprofen and nicotinamide to establish a liquid-free method. The milling-induced cocrystallization was more effective with liquid nitrogen cooling than at room temperature, which was confirmed by XRD and DSC analyses. This behavior was attributed to the limited molecular mobility below the glass transition temperatures of the cocrystal components, which made it effective to destruct the crystals of raw materials and consequently form the ibuprofen/nicotinamide cocrystal. Further studies would be necessary to establish the utility of the current conclusion to the field of pharmaceutical crystallization.

• Clean Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.147-152
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• 2005

For estblishing the best technique for the micronization of Ibuprofen using supercritical fluids, the solubility should be known. The solubility of Ibuprofen in supercritical carbon dioxide was measured by observing the cloud point. The cloud point was observed using high pressure equipment equipped a variable volume view cell between temperature of 35, 40 and $45^{\circ}C$. The solubility data was correlated by the Peng-Robinson equation of state Solute physical properties, such as critical temperature (Tc), critical pressure (Pc) and acentric factor (${\omega}$) were estimated by the some group contribution method. As pressure was increased, the solubility increased at constant temperature. The retrograde phenomenon by a solute vapor pressure and a density of solvent was observed at the pressure of around 150bar. It was found that $CO_2$ can be used as a supercritical solvent in micronization of ibuprofen by RESS.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.709-713
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to develop novel intestinal specific drug delivery systems with pH sensitive swelling and drug release properties. The carboxyl group of ibuprofen was converted to a vinyl ester group by reacting ibuprofen and vinyl acetate as an acylating agent in the presence of catalyst. The glucose-6-acrylate-1, 2, 3, 4-tetraacetate (GATA) monomer was prepared under mild conditions. Cubane-1, 4-dicarboxylic acid (CDA) linked to two 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) group was used as the crosslinking agent (CA). Methacrylic-type polymeric prodrugs were synthesized by the free radical copolymerization of methacrylic acid, vinyl ester derivative of ibuprofen (VIP) and GATA in the presence of cubane cross linking agent. The structure of VIP was characterized and confirmed by FTIR, $^1H$ NMR and $^{13}C$ NMR spectroscopy. The composition of the cross-linked three-dimensional polymers was determined by FTIR spectroscopy. The hydrolysis of drug polymer conjugates was carried out in cel-lophane membrane dialysis bags, and the in vitro release profiles were established separately in enzyme-free simulated gastric and intestinal fluids (SGF, pH 1 and SIF, pH 7.4). The detection of a hydrolysis solution by UV spectroscopy at selected intervals showed that the drug can be released by hydrolysis of the ester bond between the drug and polymer backbone at a low rate. Drug release studies showed that increasing the MAA content in the copolymer enhances the rate of hydrolysis in SIP. These results suggest that these polymeric prodrugs can be useful for the release of ibuprofen in controlled release systems.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.260-266
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• 2011

Two types of water soluble lysine salts of ibuprofen were prepared and evaluated. Physicochemical properties for ibuprofen-l-lysinate (IBL-l), ibuprofen-dl-lysinate (IBL-dl) and ibuprofen (IB) were studied on melting point, specific ratation, UV spectra and $^1H$-NMR spectra. There were not differences between IBL-dl and IBL-l in UV spectra and $^1H$-NMR spectra. The pharmacokinetic parameters of IB were compared to those of its lysine salts (IBL-l and IBL-dl) after i.v. or oral administration at the dose of 50 mg/kg (calculated as IB). Total body clearance ($CL_t$) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) were not different between IB group and IBL groups after i.v. administration. On the other hand, IBL-l and IBL-dl produced peak plasma concentrations ($C_{max}$) significantly ealier and higher than IB. Time to reach peak concentration ($T_{max}$) after IBL administration was lower than that after IB administration. There was no difference in AUC across all different groups (IB, IBL-l and IBL-dl) after oral administration. However, absorption rate constant ($k_a$) of IBL-l and IBL-dl were significantly increased than that of IB. These results indicated that the administration of IBL-l and IBL-dl may be advantageous if rapid and reliable onset of pain relief is required.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 2018

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of preemptive intravenous ibuprofen on inflammatory complications such as edema and trismus in patients undergoing impacted mandibular third molar surgery. Methods: Sixty patients were included and divided into three groups (800 mg IV ibuprofen + 50 mg dexketoprofen, 800 mg IV ibuprofen, and control). In all patients, preoperative hemodynamic values were recorded before the infusions. The operation was started at 15-min post-infusion. Evaluation of edema size on the face and mouth opening (trismus) was conducted in the preoperative period, and at postoperative 48 h and 1 week. Results: No difference was determined among the groups in trismus and edema size in postoperative measurements (P > 0.05). There was a difference between group 2 and group 3 only in measurement value of tragus-corner of the mouth on the postoperative day 2 (P < 0.05). A difference was found between the measurement values of trismus preoperatively and at preoperative day 2, and between postoperative day 2 and 1 week in group 3 based on time (P < 0.05). In group 3, edema on the face on postoperative day 2 increased significantly compared to that in the preoperative period (P < 0.001); in addition, edema increased significantly in groups 1 and 2 in the postoperative period but was less than that in group 3 (P < 0.001). Conclusions: In this study, intravenous ibuprofen was determined to be more effective alone or in combination in alleviating trismus and to better limit the postoperative edema.