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Development of Frequency Weighing Sensor and Single Crystal Growth (새로운 무게센서 재발과 단결정성장(1))

  • Jang Y.N.;Sung N.H.;Chae S.C.;Bae I.K.;Kim I.J.
    • Korean Journal of Crystallography
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.38-47
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    • 1997
  • A new weighing sensor for the automatic diameter control system of the crystal growth is developed in this study. This weighing sensor measures the frequency of the vibrating element which is lineally changing with respect to weight. The signal and the power of this system are transmitted without any physical contact, so that this sensor offers high accuracy and resolution. This system consists of a string, a sinusoidal wave generator, an automatic amplification adjusting circuit, signal transformers and a PCB. 4 kinds of programs are developed for checking DAC, weight calibration and controlling growth process. The measurements of the standard deviation and the resolution show $\pm0.10g$(measured at every second) and $5{\times}10^{-5}$, respectively, This weighing sensor is effective under high pres-sure of 200 atm, high temperature and vacuum condition. The weighing system can control the temperature in the accuracy of $\pm0.025^{\circ}C$ with the 'signal divider'. The optical quality single crystals of $(YGd)_3Sc_2Ga_3O_{12},\;Er-Y_3Sc_2Al_3O_{12},\;and\;Bi_{12}GeO_{20}$ have been grown by Czo-chralski method using this auto-diameter control system.

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Herbicidal Efficacy Affected by Different Formulation of Benzobicyclon-Mixtures Herbicides in Paddy Rice Field (Benzobicyclon 혼합제의 제형에 따른 제초활성 특성)

  • Song, Jae-Eun;Park, Mae-Sol;Jeong, Jong-Hee;Park, Eun-Hee;Jeong, Chang-Kuk
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.384-393
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    • 2011
  • Sulfonylurea herbicide-resistant weeds are spreading widely and distributed about 106,951 hectare in paddy rice fields in Korea. Morever all biotype of Scirpus juncoides which were collected at 69 spots all over paddy rice fields in 2008 were identified biotype of sulfonylurea herbicide-resistant. Benzobicyclon is a p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor, which is absorbed through root and basal stem of weeds so cause bleaching of newly developing leaves. Benzobicyclon was very effective to control Scirpus juncoides, Monochoria vaginalis, sedges and broadleaves weeds, so it have been developed various formulation like a suspension concentrate (SC), a water dispersible granule (WG), a granule (GR) and a DT (tablet for Direct application). During recently 6 years, benzobicyclon-mixtures herbicides have been registered over than 54 products in paddy fields. Herbicidal efficacy by formulations of benzobicyclon and its mixture herbicides were highest in DT, followed by SC and GR. Herbicidal efficacy of the kaolin and $CaCO_3$ carrier of GR was better and stable than that of talc and bentonite carrier. Growth and yield of rice were not affected much by formulations, application rates and rice cultivation methods.

Effects of Different Microbial Culture Supplements on In vitro and In situ Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics of Italian ryegrass Silage (미생물제 처리에 의한 이탈리안 라이그라스 사일리지의 In vitro 및 In situ 반추위 발효특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Lim, D.H.;Ki, K.S.;Choi, S.H.;Kim, T.I.
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.309-317
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    • 2016
  • The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of microbial culture supplements on ruminal fermentation and fermentative quality of Italian ryegrass silage (IRGS) both in vitro and in situ. Three species of microbes (Lactobacillus casei (LC), Bacillus subtilis (BS), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC)) were used in this study. They were applied to IRGS at 30 days after silage manufacture. Various items were measured using in vitro and in situ incubation technique after each microbial supplement was inoculated into IRGS at $0.5{\times}10^4CFU/g$. In the first experiment, in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics of IRGS were evaluated at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after microbes were inoculated into IRGS. In the second experiment, in situ fermentation characteristics were investigated at 0, 1, 3, and 5 days after the inoculation of each microbial supplement. In vitro ruminal $NH_3-N$ content was significantly (p<0.05) increased in LC-, BS-, and SC-IRGS at 12 hrs post incubation compared to that in control IRGS. In vitro ruminal total VFA concentration and dry matter digestibility (DMD) of IRGS were not significantly difference among LC-, BS-, and SC-IRGS, although they were numerically increased in LC-IRGS than those of the other IRGS. In addition, this study evaluated the fermentation characteristics and in situ DMD of IRGS with the lapse of incubation time up to 5 days. Throughout the incubation times from 1 day to 5 days, the pH value was significantly (p<0.05) lower in BS-, LC-, and SC-IRGS than that in control IRGS. Lactate was significantly (p<0.05) higher, and significantly (p<0.05) butyrate was lower in LC-IRGS than that in other treatments at 0 day. It was higher (p<0.05) in control IRGS than that of BS-, LC-, and SC-IRGS at 1-5 days. In situ DMD tended to increase in BS-, LC-, and SC-IRGS compared to that in control IRGS. Especially, DMD was higher in SC-IRGS than that in other treatments at 0 day. It tended to be higher in LC-IRGS at all incubation time. Taken together, these results suggest that it might be useful to select a microorganism by considering the feeding time of IRGS to ruminants because organic acids and DMD of IRGS were affected by the incubation time of each microorganism with IRG silage, especially for L. casei decreased the content of acetate and butyrate in IRGS.

Radiated Emission / Susceptibility Tests for the KSLV-I 2nd Stage Engineering Model (KSLV-I 2단부 엔지니어링 모델 복사성 방사/감응 시험)

  • Ji, Ki-Man;Lee, Soo-Jin;Chung, Eui-Seung
    • Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.173-181
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    • 2007
  • Radiated emission / susceptibility performance of the KSLV-I 2nd stage which are controlled from the unit level to the system level should be examined and managed all over the frequency ranges in order to ensure the normal operation of the SC, the 1st stage of the KSLV-I, ground support equipments which are installed at the space center, and other wireless communication networks. Not only unintentional electric field emissions from the KSLV-I system and its subsystems should be restricted to the levels less than the limits specified in the EMC requirements, but also proper test and evaluation method should be established, respectively. In this paper, radiated emission/susceptibility test limits, method, and test results of the KSLV-I 2nd stage engineering model are presented.

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Emotional Characteristics in MBTI Personality Type and MMPI-A Scale of Science Gifted (한국과학영재학생의 MBTI 성격유형과 MMPI-A 척도에서 나타난 정서적 특징)

  • Kwag, Mi-Yong;Park, Hoo-Hwi;Kim, Eel;Cheon, Seong-Moon;Sang, Wook
    • Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.767-788
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    • 2010
  • The purpose of this study was to examine emotional characteristics and to provide information about the special needs of counselling of science gifted in Korea. The subjects were 143 science gifted high school students in Busan that had been tested MBTI and MMPI-A. The distribution map of MBTI type was examined and Pearson's correlation, one-way ANOVA, multiple regression analysis were used to analyse the relation between MBTI and MMPI-A through SPSS 17.0 program. The results showed as follows: first, ENTP, INTP, ISTJ personality types and NT temperament type were the most frequently from the distribution map of MBTI type. Second, F1, F2, F, Hs, D, Pt, Sc and Si scales of MMPI-A were positively related to I preference of MBTI and K and Ma scales of MMPI-A were significantly related to E preference of MBTI from Pearson's correlation. Third, The score of IN group was significantly more high in F1, Hs, D, SC and Si scales of MMPI-A than other group in the relation between two combination preferences of MBTI and scale of MMPI-A. The following results were same; IS group in D, Si scales, EN group in Ma scale, IT group in Hs, D, Pt and S scales, IF group in VRIN, D and Si scales, ET in Ma scale, IJ group in D and Si, IP group in F1, F, Hs, D, Hy, Pt, Sc and Si scales, EJ and EP groups in Ma scale. Finally, I preference of MBTI by F1, F2, F, Hs, D, Pt, Sc and Si scales of MMPI-A, E preference of MBTI by Ma scale of MMPI-A, F preference of MBTI by K scale of MMPI-A and P preference of MBTI by Hy scale of MMPI-A were significantly predicted from multiple regression analysis. Limitations of the current study and the suggestions for further research were offered.

Evaluation of a betavoltaic energy converter supporting scalable modular structure

  • Kang, Taewook;Kim, Jinjoo;Park, Seongmo;Son, Kwangjae;Park, Kyunghwan;Lee, Jaejin;Kang, Sungweon;Choi, Byoung-Gun
    • ETRI Journal
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    • v.41 no.2
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    • pp.254-261
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    • 2019
  • Distinct from conventional energy-harvesting (EH) technologies, such as the use of photovoltaic, piezoelectric, and thermoelectric effects, betavoltaic energy conversion can consistently generate uniform electric power, independent of environmental variations, and provide a constant output of high DC voltage, even under conditions of ultra-low-power EH. It can also dramatically reduce the energy loss incurred in the processes of voltage boosting and regulation. This study realized betavoltaic cells comprised of p-i-n junctions based on silicon carbide, fabricated through a customized semiconductor recipe, and a Ni foil plated with a Ni-63 radioisotope. The betavoltaic energy converter (BEC) includes an array of 16 parallel-connected betavoltaic cells. Experimental results demonstrate that the series and parallel connections of two BECs result in an open-circuit voltage $V_{oc}$ of 3.06 V with a short-circuit current $I_{sc}$ of 48.5 nA, and a $V_{oc}$ of 1.50 V with an $I_{sc}$ of 92.6 nA, respectively. The capacitor charging efficiency in terms of the current generated from the two series-connected BECs was measured to be approximately 90.7%.

Use of Wing Feather Loss to Examine Age-Related Molt in Oriental Storks (Ciconia boyciana)

  • Yoon, Jongmin;Yoon, Hyun-Ju;Nam, Hyungkyu;Choi, Seung-Hye
    • Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.26-31
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    • 2021
  • Reproduction and molt are costly processes in avian life histories. These two fitness-related traits are expected to be under one of physiological trade-offs. Age-related molt is known to be higher in young birds than that in adults presumably due to the cost of reproduction in adults. The present study partially replicated a previous study using a non-invasive method of seasonal wing feather loss instead of capture-inspection for molting progress in oriental storks (Ciconia boyciana). We first examined characteristics of the known six wing feather types (i.e., primaries [P], primary coverts [PC], secondaries [S], secondary coverts [SC], and tertials [T]) from two specimens with four wings. Results were utilized as references for further investigation. We then collected a total of 3,807 wing feathers shedded by 61 captive storks for one year and classified them into six wing feather types based on the reference with structures of vane (i.e., how asymmetrical) and calamus (i.e., how rigidly attached to skin) of wing feathers. Our results indicated that annual losses of all six-type wing feathers decreased with increasing ages, ranging from 29% to 58% for PC, alula, SC, P, S, and T in order. Our results were also comparable to those of a former study, suggesting that the pattern of age-specific molt might be associated with the cost of reproduction in adults. However, juveniles might shed more wing feathers with low quality formed during the previous development stage than older birds.

Anti-oxidative Activities of Commercial Edible Plant Extracts Distributed in Korea (국내 유통 중인 식용식물 추출물의 항산화효과)

  • Kim, Kyung-Bum;Yoo, Ki-Hwan;Park, Ha-Yan;Jeong, Jong-Moon
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.49 no.4
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    • pp.328-333
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    • 2006
  • Many plant extracts are known to have antioxidative effects. However, their activities can be reduced or disappeared during mass production process. The purpose of this study is to compare antioxidative effects of edible plant extracts distributed in Korea. forty three kinds of edible plant extracts commercially available in Korea were selected and investigated for their total phenolics contents and antioxidative potentials(DPPH radical and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities). In contents of total phenolics, the commercial plant extracts from Artemisia annua(whole plant), Ilex paraguariensis(leaf, Silybum marianum(fruit and leaf, Ulmus pumila(bark), Coliolus versicolor(fruit), and Curcuma longa(root and stem) contained over 70 mg/g of powder, DPPH radical scavenging activities($SC_{50}$, 50% scavenging concentration) of A. annua, I. paraguariensis, Pinus densiflora(leaf),S. marianum, U. pumila, and C. longa were $53.96{\pm}0.81\;ppm,\;24.61{\pm}2.12\;ppm,\;35.96{\pm}1.11\;ppm,\;57.46{\pm}2.13\;ppm,\;55.25{\pm}1.65\;ppm\;and\;12.99{\pm}1.67ppm$, respectively, while that of positive control(vitamin C) was $3.86{\pm}0.81\;ppm$. $SC_{50}$ values against superoxide anion radical of A. annua, Cinnamomum zeylanicum(bark), I. paraguariensis, Rubus coreanus(fruit and leaf), Morus alba(leaf), P. densiflora, S. marianum, U. pumila, C. versicolor, C. longa, Perilla frutescens var. acuta(leaf), and H. sabdariffa(leaf and newer) were $53.21{\pm}1.83ppm,\;50.12{\pm}2.12ppm,\;5.59{\pm}0.84ppm,\;41.60{\pm}8.93ppm,\;20.19{\pm}0.97ppm,\;15.19{\pm}1.66ppm,\;21.20{\pm}1.88ppm,\;15.71{\pm}0.91ppm,\;55.48{\pm}2.42ppm,\;52.12{\pm}2.44ppm,\;23.80{\pm}1.98ppm\;and\;11.14{\pm}0.51ppm$, respectively($SC_{50}$ value of vitamin C: $9.61{\pm}0.93ppm$). In particular, both 1 paraguariensis and P. densiflora had high content of phenolics as well as high scavenging activities of DPPH radical and superoxide anion radical. Consequently, above two commercial extracts may be useful as a source of antioxidative nutraceutics.

New Evidence of Alleles (V199I and G52S) at the PRKAG3 (RN) Locus Affecting Pork Meat Quality

  • Chen, J.F.;Dai, L.H.;Peng, J.;Li, J.L.;Zheng, R.;Zuo, B.;Li, F.E.;Liu, M.;Yue, K.;Lei, M.G.;Xiong, Y.Z.;Deng, C.Y.;Jiang, S.W.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.471-477
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    • 2008
  • The porcine PRKAG3 (RN) gene encodes the regulatory gamma subunit of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is a good candidate gene affecting meat quality. In this study, the effects of two missense mutations A595G (Ile199Val) and G154A (Gly52Ser) in porcine PRKAG3 gene on meat quality traits were studied in M. Longissimus dorsi (LD), M. Semispinalis capitis (SC) and M. Biceps femoris (BF) from different populations of 326 pigs. The PRKAG3 alleles 199I, 199IV, 52S and 52G were identified with PCR-RFLPs and all genotypes - 199I/199I, 199I/199V, 199V/199V, 52S/52S, 52S/52G and 52G/52G - were found. The frequency of V allele was larger than that of I allele in all populations. I allele frequency was zero in Chinese Meishan pigs (population D) especially. G allele frequency was larger than that of S allele in all populations except Large White (population A). Both variations at the PRKAG3 locus significantly affected these meat quality traits. The pork meat quality has not previously been established in Meishan or crosses thereof. The results suggested that generally pH of LD, SC and BF was higher in Meishan pigs than that in other populations. Moreover, Meishan pigs showed higher water-holding capacity and intramuscular fat (IMF), lower water content and water loss percentage compared to other populations in terms of the two variations. The results present here supply new evidence that alleles V199I and G52S at the PRKAG3 locus affect pork meat quality and provide useful information on pork production.

Research on Development and Performance Evaluation for Thruster of Reaction Control System for KSLV-I (KSLV-I RCS 추력기 개발 및 수행 평가에 대한 연구)

  • Jeon, Sang-Woon;Jung, Seul
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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    • v.47 no.3
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    • pp.19-27
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    • 2010
  • KSLV(Korea Space Launch Vehicle)-I is designed as a launch vehicle to enter a 100 kg-class satellite to the LEO(Low-Earth Orbit). Attitude angles of the upper-stage, including roll, pitch and yaw are controlled by cold gas thruster system using nitrogen gas. The thruster for the KSLV-I is the main pneumatic valve in the RCS(Reaction Control System). In this paper, the design, function tests, and environment tests of the thruster for KSLV-I are described. The developed thrusters are experimentally evaluated and successfully passed the required qualification and acceptance tests.