• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.699-707
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• 2016

중앙처리장치를 중심으로 하는 각종 내장형 시스템은 현재 각종 산업에 매우 광범위하게 쓰이고 있다. 특히 사물인터넷 등의 deeply embedded (심층 내장형) 시스템은 저비용, 소면적, 저전력, 빠른 시장 출시, 높은 코드 밀도 등을 요구한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 요구 조건을 만족시키는 중앙처리장치를 제안하고, 이를 중심으로 한 시스템온칩 플랫폼을 소개한다. 제안하는 중앙처리장치는 16 비트라는 짧은 명령어로만 이루어진 확장형 명령어 집합 구조를 갖고 있어 코드 밀도를 높일 수 있다. 그리고, 다중사이클 아키텍처, 카운터 기반 제어 장치, 가산기 공유 등을 통하여 로직 게이트가 차지하는 면적을 줄였다. 이 코어를 중심으로, 코프로세서, 명령어 캐시, 버스, 내부 메모리, 외장 메모리, 온칩디버거 및 주변 입출력 장치들로 이루어진 시스템온칩 플랫폼을 개발하였다. 개발된 시스템온칩 플랫폼은 변형된 하버드 구조를 갖고 있어, 메모리 접근 시 필요한 클락 사이클 수를 감소시킬 수 있었다. 코어를 포함한 시스템온칩 플랫폼은 상위 언어 수준과 어셈블리어 수준에서 모의실험 및 검증하였고, FPGA 프로토타이핑과 통합형 로직 분석 및 보드 수준 검증을 완료하였다. $0.18{\mu}m$ 디지털 CMOS 공정과 1.8V 공급 전압 하에서 ASIC 프론트-엔드 게이트 수준 로직 합성 결과, 50MHz 동작 주파수에서 중앙처리장치 코어의 논리 게이트 개수는 7700 수준이었다. 개발된 시스템온칩 플랫폼은 초소형 보드의 FPGA에 내장되어 사물인터넷 분야에 응용된다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2015

Objective : To evaluate the status of mobile personal health records (mPHR) applications of Atopic Dermatitis, assessing general characteristics, information content, features of PHR content and functions. Method : Searches were conducted from Android's Google Play and iOS's App Store. Main criteria used to include mPHRs were: providing health information of PHR function of Atopic Dermatitis; operating in Korean or English; for human. Selected mPHRs were analyzed considering general characteristics, information contents, data elements, and application features. Results : 19 applications were included in this study. 15 were providing health information. Data elements of information included general information, symptom, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, management and FAQ. No single application contained all seven data elements. Only Eight applications had PHR function. In the features analysis, one PHR applications contained all eight PHR functional features; saving profile function, profiles supported, password, import data, export data, information provided, progress chart and push-up alarm. Conclusion : mPHR is an emerging health care technology. The majority of existing mPHR applications only provide one-way information. Application designed to help users and doctors to exchange mutual information was the only one. Also, there was no application that can record the Traditional Korean Medicinal treatment information. However, as the mobile market continues to expand it is likely that more comprehensive mPHRs will be developed in the near future. New advancements in mobile technology can be utilized to enhance Tranditional Korean Medical health care.

• 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.774-779
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 단위 추론 작업들 간의 순차 처리와 반복 처리에 효과적인 인-메모리 방식의 고속 클러스터 컴퓨팅 환경인 Apache Spark을 이용한 대용량의 정성적 공간 추론기의 설계와 구현에 관해 소개한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 공간 추론기는 매우 효율적인 방법으로, 공간 객체들 간의 위상 관계와 방향 관계를 나타내는 대규모 공간 지식베이스의 무결성을 검사할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 주어진 공간 지식베이스로부터 새로운 사실들을 유도해냄으로써 지식베이스를 확장할 수도 있다. 일반적으로 공간 객체들 간의 위상 관계와 방향 관계에 관한 정성적 추론은 이접 관계들 간의 많은 조합 연산들을 포함한다. 본 추론기에서는 공간 추론에 필요한 최소한의 이접 관계 집합을 찾아내고 이들만을 포함하도록 조합 표를 축소함으로써, 추론의 효율성을 크게 개선시켰다. 또한, 본 추론기에서는 추론 성능 향상을 위해 Hadoop 클러스터 시스템에서 분산 추론 작업이 진행되는 동안 디스크 입출력을 최소화하도록 설계하였다. 대용량의 가상 및 실제 공간 지식베이스를 이용한 실험들에서, 본 논문에서 제안하는 Apache Spark 기반의 정성적 공간 추론기가 MapReduce 기반의 기존 추론기보다 더 높은 성능을 보여주었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2771-2774
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• 2012

Aim: Tumors of upper gastrointestinal tract are among the cancers that have a quite lethal course. Cytotoxic chemotherapy is the most efficient therapeutic modality for metastatic gastric cancer. In patients who do not respond to first-line treatment, the response rate to second-line therapies is generally low and the toxicity rates high. This study concerned the efficacy and the side effect profile of second-line therapy with irinotecan in the patients who were being followed-up with the diagnosis of metastatic gastric cancer in $\dot{I}$zmir, Turkey. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and toxicity in 31 patients with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma who presented to the polyclinic of Medical Oncology of Izmir Ataturk Education and Research Hospital between May 2008 and July 2011. All received chemotherapy regimens containing cisplatin, fluoropyrimidine (5-FU) and docetaxel as the first-line therapy for late stage disease. Irinotecan as a single agent was given at a dose of 210 mg/$m^2$ on each 21 days. Irinotecan (180 mg/$m^2$ on day 1), 5-FU (500 mg/$m^2$ on days 1-2) and leucovorin (LV; 60 mg/$m^2$ on days 1-2) as a combined regimen were given over a 14 day period. Results: Median age was 54 (range, 31-70). Irinotecan was given as a combined regimen for median 6 cycles (range, 3-12) and as a single agent for median 3 cycles (range, 1-10). Metastases were detected in one site in six patients (19%), in two different sites in 17 patients (55%) and in three or more sites in eight patients (26%). Four patients (12.9%) showed partial response and six patients (19.3%) showed stable disease. Progression-free survival (PFS) was found to be 3.26 months (95% CI, 2.3-4.2). Median overall survival (OS) was found to be 8.76 months (95% CI, 4.5-12.9). The most commonly seen grade 3/4 side effect was neutropenia but the the therapy was generally well-tolerated. Conclusions: In this study, it was demonstrated that second-line therapy with irinotecan given following the first-line therapy with cisplatin, fluoropyrimidine (5-FU) and docetaxel was efficient and safe. Further studies are needed for confirmation.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.9-21
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• 2003

The present study was designed to evaluate the factors influential on stress and subjective fatigue symptoms based on school life environments and daily life styles among high school students. The self-administered questionnaires were delivered to 2,381 high school students of both sexes in Taejon Metropolitan city during the period from Mar. 1st to Jun. 30th, 2000. The analysis of study results revealed the following findings: 1. According to the magnitude of stress, the normal subjects were 3.1%, the groups with potential stress were 64.7%, and the groups at high risk for stress were 32.2%. Higher level of stress existed in the female than the male students, and in the third grader than the 1st and 2nd graders. According to the classification of typical constitutional symptoms of fatigue, category III (group with bodily projection of fatigue) was the most frequent and it was followed by category II (group with difficulty in concentration) and category I (group with dullness and sleepiness) in a decreasing order of frequency, which showed that the predominant pattern of fatigue arose from the body parts. 2. With regard to the school life characteristics and stress scores, the higher scores of stress were shown in the groups with the lower grades, with worse friend's relation and with the lower satisfaction with the school life. The scores for the subjective fatigue symptoms were higher in the male, in the low graders, in the better friend's relation, and in the satisfactory group than the respective counterparts. 3. Concerning home life characteristics, the higher scores of stress were associated with the students characterized by the recognized poor economic conditions, lower interests of parents, lack of satisfaction with the home life, the poor subjective health status. On the other hand, the scores for the subjective fatigue symptoms were higher in the student groups with good economic conditions, higher interests of parents, presence of satisfaction with the home life, and good subjective health status. 4. Concerning daily life styles, the higher scores of stress were in the students who had inappropriate sleep hours, skipped breakfasts, daily consumption of intermeal snacks, lack of exercise, daily smoking, normal indices of obesity, and lower indices of health habit. Conversely, the scores of subjective fatigue symptoms were higher in the groups who had daily breakfasts, no intermeal snacks, daily exercise, no smoking than their counterparts. 5. The factors exerting influence upon the stress included the satisfaction with school life, friend's relation, satisfaction with the home life, exercise, school grades, interests of parents, school year, sex, scores of health habit, degree of obesity, economic conditions of home. Those influencing on the degree os stress included stress, intermeal snacks, smoking, friend's relation and satisfaction with the home life.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.22-30
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• 1977

An analysis of the Nursing activities was carried out during the period of October 6 - 10, 1975 for five days, at postanesthetic room in Seoul National University Hospital. Continuous Time Study method was applied to this study by Observing and checking the activities performed by 8 nursing personnel at head nurse, staff nurse, and nurse aide level. Six nursing Students and 6 staff nurses observed and recorded all activities during the day and the evening for 5 days after certain process of training. Following results were obtained I 1. Percentages of nursing activity os were identified at each level of nursing personnel according to the skill Level 1) Thirty three point forty two Percent of the total head nurse's activities were spent by administrative activities, 21,33% by Clerical activities, 10.63% by Nursing activities, 6.54% by Messenger activities, 4.0% by Housekeeping activities, and 24. 08% by Unclassified activities, 2) Forty point forty two percent of the total staff nurses'activities were spent by Nursing activities, 12.7% by Administrative activities, 8.03% by Housekeeping activities, 3.08% by Clerical activities, 2.03% by Messenger activities, 0.08% by Dietary activities, and 34.19 o/e by Unclassified activities. 3) Thirty six point sixty three percent of the total nurse aide's activities were spent by Messenger activities, 14.4% by Housekeeping activities, 2.2% by Nursing activities, 1.0% by Clerical activities, 0.83% by Administrative activities, and 44.94% by Unclassified activities, 2. Percentages of nursing activities were identified at each level of nursing personnel according to area of activity. 1) Thirty three point ninety six percent of the total head nurse's activities were spent by Unit - Centered activities, 30.26% by Patient - Centered activities, 8.69 % by Personnel - Centered activities and 24.09 o/o by Other - Centered activities. 2) Fifty two point seventy four percent of the total staff nurses' activities were spent by Patient - Centered activities, 11.5 % by Unit -Centered activities, 1.68 % by Personnel -Centered activities and 34.02% by Other - Centered activities. 3) Forty nine point sixty seven Percent of the total Nurse aide's activities were spent by Unit -Centered activities, 5.13% by Patient -Centered activities, 0.27% by Personnel -Centered activities and 44.93%by Other -Centered activities. 3. Percentages of staff nurses' activities were identified at each skill Level according to their shifts. 1) Forty four point eighty one percent of the total day time activities were spent by Nursing activities, 13.62% by Administrative activities, 6.37% by Housekeeping activities, 2.08% by Clerical activities, 1.74 % by Messenger activities, 0.07% by Dietary activities and31.31 o/o by Unclassified activities. 2) Thirty three point eighty seven percent of the total evening time activities were spent by nursing activities, 10.51% by Housekeeping activities, 10.0% by Administrative activities, 4.58% by Clerical activities, 2.46% by Messenger activities, 0.09% by Dietary activities and 38.49% by Unclassified activities, 4. There was no great difference among activities of 5 days.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.70-81
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• 2003

The otitis media has the highest rate of occurrence in 6-36 month after birth, and relatively high rate of occurrence to six years old. It is one of major cause for hearing loss problem because of its high rate of recurrence. The researcher observed at bed that feeding posture and feeding habit at night have some relationship with occurrence of otitis media. I found that medical research in this area was very weak, and it caused her to concentrate her research on the topic. This paper was undertook a retrospective case-control study to find out the relationship between the mode of feeding and the occurrence of otitis media among the otitis media patients and the healthy persons. As the controling groups, the researcher chose fifty eight mothers whose children received the treatment of otitis media(6-36 months after birth) from the pediatrics clinic of two general hospitals in Seoul, as the patient group, and forty five mothers who consulted with their child to well baby clinic at the general hospital and kindergarten in Seoul as the control group. The results of the survey can be summarized as followed : 1. "Otitis media patient group may have more lying posture mothers while feeding than the healthy control group". The first hypothesis is supported by the fact that the children who have lying posture feeding habit mothers are more easily exposed to otitis media than those who have sitting posture feeding habit mothers as the analysis show : $X^2=8.142$, p = .017 2. "Otitis media patient group may have higher rate of sleeping habit with milk bottle on the month at night than the healthy control group does". The second hypothesis was supported by the fact that the patients group has higher rate of expected sleeping habit than the healthy group dose as the analysis show : $X^2=4.35$, p = .037 3. "Otitis media can be found more in the artificial feeding group than in the healthy children group". The hypothesis is rejected by the analysis, $X^2=1.550$, p = .416. Though the hypothesis is not supported by this research, we need to encourage mothers to feed mother's breast milk on the ground that healthy group has mother's milk feeding tendency, and the best food for infants is their mother's milk, and psychological-sociological effects of breast feeding os quite good for children. It will improve the health of infants. It can be summarized as follows : Otitis media is more concerned with posture of feeding and night feeding habits than feeding modes. On the basis of this survey, feeding education problem for mothers of infants need to be developed. In the education, sitting-embracing posture of feeding, mother's breast feeding, and prohibition of children's lying posture feeding at night need to be emphasized.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.193-213
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the phenomenon of attachment and spreading of the cultured rat　calvarial cell inoculated on their surface of different kinds of biodegradable membrane which had been used on tissue regeneration on periodontal defects by using scanning electron microscope. In this experiment 30 Sprague-Dawley male rats (mean BW 150gm) were used to harvest abundant number of cell in the short period. The rats were sacrificed by decapitatioan to obtain the calvaria for bone cell culture. Calvarial cells were cultured with Dulbecco's Modified Essential Medium contained with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum under the conventional conditions. Biodegradable barrier membrane were collected with collagen type, and were divided into 3 different kind of surface such as scattered, polarized and fine-net type as their surface texture. Microcover plate which usually used for cell culture was used as control for smooth surface. All the membrane were seeded with cultured calvarial cell on their surface. The number of cell inoculated on the membrane were $1{\times}10^6$ Cells/ml. After the culture as designed time, all the membrane were washed with 0.1 M Phosphate Buffered saline and fuxed with 2.5% Glutaraldehyde. And all specimen were treated with $OsO_4$, and Tannic acid before drying the cell for coating the cell with gold. Scanning Electron Microscope was used to observation. The following results were obtained. I. During the whole period of experiment, the phenomenon of cell attachment and spreading were revealed similar pattern to compare with smooth surface culture plate and ordinary culture dish. 2. The shape of cell attachment and spreading on the surface of barrier membrane were observed no remarked difference pattern between smooth surface culture plate and ordinary culture dish. 3. The cytoplasmic process of cultured calvaria cell extent to the deep portion of barrier membrane like as their own proper shape. 4. There were no remarkable relationships between the degree of cultured cell spreading and surface structure of barrier membrane. 5. Slight starified layer of cultured calvaria cell were observed on the scattered type of resorbable membrane, Conclusively, this study thus suggest that cultured bone cell inoculated onto the biodegradable barrier membrane may have an important role of carrier for many cell which could be used as new tissue regeneration, and those tissue engeering technique may become an new method in the approach to the repair of bone defects.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.1083-1095
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• 1999

최근 처리기와 입출력 시스템의 속도 차이가 점점 커짐에 따라 버퍼 캐쉬의 효율적인 관리가 더욱 중요해지고 있다. 버퍼 캐쉬는 블록 교체 정책과 선반입 정책에 의해 관리되며, 각 정책은 버퍼 캐쉬에서 블록의 가치 즉 어떤 블록이 더 가까운 미래에 참조될 것인가를 결정해야 한다. 블록의 가치는 응용들의 블록 참조 패턴의 특성에 기반하며, 블록 참조 패턴의 특성에 대한 정확한 분석은 올바른 결정을 가능하게 하여 버퍼 캐쉬의 효율을 높일 수 있다. 본 논문은 각 응용들의 블록 참조 패턴에 대한 특성을 분석하고 이를 자동으로 발견하는 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 블록의 속성과 미래 참조 거리간의 관계를 이용해 블록 참조 패턴을 발견한다. 이 기법은 2 단계 파이프라인 방법을 이용하여 온라인으로 참조 패턴을 발견할 수 있으며, 참조 패턴의 변화가 발생하면 이를 인식할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 8개의 실제 응용 트레이스를 이용해 블록 참조 패턴의 발견을 실험하였으며, 제안된 기법이 각 응용의 블록 참조 패턴을 정확히 발견함을 확인하였다. 그리고 발견된 참조 패턴 정보를 블록 교체 정책에 적용해 보았으며, 실험 결과 기존의 대표적인 블록 교체 정책인 LRU에 비해 최대 57%까지 디스크 입출력 횟수를 줄일 수 있었다.Abstract As the speed gap between processors and disks continues to increase, the role of the buffer cache located in main memory is becoming increasingly important. The buffer cache is managed by block replacement policies and prefetching policies and each policy should decide the value of block, that is which block will be accessed in the near future. The value of block is based on the characteristics of block reference patterns of applications, hence accurate characterization of block reference patterns may improve the performance of the buffer cache. In this paper, we study the characteristics of block reference behavior of applications and propose a scheme that automatically detects the block reference patterns. The detection is made by associating block attributes of a block with the forward distance of the block. With the periodic detection using a two-stage pipeline technique, the scheme can make on-line detection of block reference patterns and monitor the changes of block reference patterns. We measured the detection capability of the proposed scheme using 8 real workload traces and found that the scheme accurately detects the block reference patterns of applications. Also, we apply the detected block reference patterns into the block replacement policy and show that replacement policies appropriate for the detected block reference patterns decreases the number of DISK I/Os by up to 57%, compared with the traditional LRU policy.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제10D권7호
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• pp.1067-1076
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• 2003

데이터베이스 공유 시스템(Database Sharing System: DSS)은 고성능 트랜잭션 처리를 위해 제안된 시스템이다. DSS에서 고속의 통신망으로 연결된 노드들은 별도의 메모리와 운영체제를 가지며, 데이터베이스를 저장하고 있는 디스크는 모든 노드에 의해 공유된다. 그리고 빈번한 디스크 액세스를 피하기 위해 각 노드는 자신의 메모리 버퍼에 최근에 액세스한 페이지들을 캐싱한다. 본 논문에서는 DSS를 구성하고 있는 각 노드의 부하를 효과적으로 분산한 수 있는 동적 트랜잭션 분배 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안한 알고리즘은 각 노드에 할당된 주사본 권한을 이용함으로써 노드별 참조 지역성을 지원하고, 그 결과 캐쉬 이용률을 증가하여 디스크 액세스 수를 최소화한다. 뿐만 아니라, 노드의 현재 부하를 고려하여 트랜잭션 분배 정책을 결정함으로써 특정 노드에 트랜잭션이 집중되는 것을 피한다. 제안된 알고리즘의 성능평가를 위해 시뮬레이션 실험을 수행하였으며, 실험결과 제안된 알고리즘이 기존 알고리즘들보다 트랜잭션 처리율에서 높은 성능을 보였다. 특히 트랜잭션 부하량이 높은 경우와 편중된 데이터 참조를 보이는 경우에 좋은 성능을 보였다.