• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.195-208
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• 2004

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Aconiti Tuber on the plasma IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ level in mice stimulated by intracerebroventricular(I.C.V.) Injection of Lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Method: 6 mice were assigned to each of the normal group, the control group, and the experimental group. In the normal group only saline was administered intragastrically, and in the control group LPS was injected intracerebro-ventricularly 1 hr after intragastric administration of saline. In the experimental groups (Aconiti Tuber 0.5g/kg, Aconiti Tuber 1.0g/kg, Aconiti Tuber 3.0g/kg) each sample was administered intragastrically to mice 1 hr prior to the stimulation by LPS I.C.V. Injection. To measure the plasma IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ level of mice, their blood samples were collected from retro-orbital plexus, immediately centrifuged at $4^{\circ}C$, and plasma was removed and stored frozen at $-83^{\circ}C$ for later determination of plasma IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$. Result : 1. LPS I.C.V. Injection increased plasma IL-6 level significantly in a dose-dependent manner compared with normal group(P<0.01). The plasma IL-6 concentration reached a significant maximal level about 1 hr after LPS I.C.V. Injection(P<0.001). LPS I.C.V. Injection increased plasma $TNF-{\alpha}$ level significantly in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05). The plasma $TNF-{\alpha}$ concentration reached a significant maximal level about 1 hr after LPS I.C.V. Injection(P<0.001). 2. Sample A group to which Aconiti Tuber(0.5g/kg) was administered intragastrically 1 hr prior to the stimulation by LPS I.C.V. Injection showed insignificant lower plasma IL-6 level in 1 hr than control group(P<0.0635), and sample B group (Aconiti Tuber 1.0g/kg) showed significant lower plasma IL-6 level in 1 hr than control group(P〈0.05), and sample C group (Aconiti Tuber 3.0g/kg) showed significant lower IL-6 plasma level in 1 hr than control group(P<0.01). 3. sample A group to which Aconiti Tuber(0.5g/kg) was administered intragastrically 1 hr prior to the stimulation by LPS I.C.V. Injection showed insignificant lower plasma $TNF-{\alpha}$ level in 1 hr than control group(P>0.05), and Both sample B(1.0g/kg) and sample C(3.0g/kg) groups showed significant lower $TNF-{\alpha}$ plasma level in 1 hr than control group(P<0.01). These data revealed that Aconiti Tuber might have the anti inflammatory effect by reducing the plasma IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ level in a dose dependent manner in mice LPS I.C.V. Injection.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.28-31
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• 2002

Effects of cimetidine, a cytochrome P450 inhibitor, on the benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-mediated cytochrome P450 induction and lipid peroxidation of liver in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, were investigated. Fish were fed either a cimetidine-supplemented diet or a cimetidine-free control diet once daily to satiation for 3 days. After 6 hrs of last feeding, the fish received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of BaP (20 mg/kg of body weight) dissolved in sterile corn oil $(100 \mu L)$ or received only a corn oil i.p. injection. At 1, 2, 3, and 7 days after the injection, hepatic cytochrome P450 and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), an indicator of lipid peroxidation, were analyzed. BaP injection resulted in an increase of hepatic cytochrome P450, and the fish fed the cimetidine-supplemented diet before injection of BaP showed delayed increase of hepatic cytochrome P450 compared to the fish fed a cimetidine-free diet and BaP injected. Injection of BaP clearly induced hepatic lipid peroxidation, and consistently higher TBAR values were shown in the fish fed a cimetidine­supplemented diet before injection of BaP than the fish injected with BaP alone.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.209-223
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• 2004

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Coptidis Rhizoma on the plasma IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ level in mice by intracerebroventricular(I.C.V.) injection of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Method: 6 mice were assigned to each of the Normal group, the Control group, and the individual Experimental groups. In the Normal group only saline was administered intragastrically, and in the Control group LPS was injected intracerebroventricularly 1 hr after intragastric administration of saline. In the Experimental groups Coptidis Rhizoma(0.5g/kg, 1.0g/kg, 3.0g/kg) was administered intragastrically to mice 1 hr prior to LPS (100ng/mouse) I.C.V. Injection. To measure the plasma IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ level of mice, their blood samples were collected from retro-orbital venous plexus, immediately centrifuged at $4^{\circ}C$, and plasma was removed and stored frozen at $-83^{\circ}C$ for later determination of plasma IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$. Result: 1. LPS I.C.V. Injection increased plasma IL-6 level significantly in a dose-dependent manner compared with Normal group. (P<0.01) The plasma IL-6 concentration reached a significant maximal level about 1 hr after LPS(100ng/mouse) I.C.V. Injection.(P<0.001) 2. Both the 0.5g/kg(Sample A) and 1.0g/kg(Sample B) groups to which Coptidis Rhizoma was administered intragastrically 1 hr prior to LPS(100ng/mouse) I.C.V. Injection showed insignificant lower plama IL-6 level in 1 hr than Control group(P>0.05), and 3.0g/kg group(Sample C) conversely showed higher plama IL-6 level than Control group. 3. LPS I.C.V. Injection increased plasma $TNF-{\alpha}$ level significantly in a dose-dependent manner compared with Normal group.(P<0.05) The plasma $TNF-{\alpha}$ concentration reached a significant maximal level about 1 hr after LPS(100ng/mouse) I.C.V. Injection.(P<0.001) 4. All Sample groups(0.5g/kg, 1.0g/kg, and 3.0g/kg) to which Coptidis Rhizoma was administered intragastrically with each constituent-dose 1 hr prior to LPS(100ng/mouse) I.C.V. Injection showed significant lower $TNF-{\alpha}$ plama level in 1 hr than Control group.(P<0.001) These data revealed that Coptidis Rhizoma might have anti inflammatory effect by reducing the plasma $TNF-{\alpha}$ level in a dose dependent manner in mice LPS I.C.V. Injection.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.409-415
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• 1997

The carp $\beta$-actin regulatory sequences and RSV/LTR promoter were tested whether they are functinal to express linked structure gene (chloramphenicol acetyltransferas, CAT) in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) by determining the patterns of gene expression following intramuscular in vivo direct injection. The injection experiments with various concentrations of both pRSVCAT and pFV4CAT clearly revealed the effectiveness of DNA dosage on expression of CAT. The increase of CAT activity was linear in both plasmids, and maximal CAT activity was obtained with 100 ug of pFV4CAT injection. The amounts of CAT expression with pFV4CAT-injected fist were higher than those with pRSVCAT-injected fish. CAT activity was readily detectable as early as one day after injection, slightly increased at day 2, and declined over time. Most amount of DNA intramuscularly injected into olive flounder muscles persisted extrachromosomally without showing any integrated or replicated form in vivo.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.17-22
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• 2005

The residual birefringence in molded plastic parts can be divided into two kinds of residual birefringence, i.e., the flow induced residual birefringence produced in flowing stages and the thermally induced residual birefringence produced in cooling stage. In this paper, the effect of new injection-press molding process with normal injection mold, i.e. I) injection-compression mode, ii) injection-press mode, on the distribution of birefringence was studied. It was found that the values of the birefringence was reduced at i) low clamping force and ii) longer mold opening length by injection-press molding.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2024

Background: The pain caused by local anesthetic injection can lead to patient anxiety prior to surgery, potentially necessitating sedation or general anesthesia during the excision procedure. In this study, we aim to compare the pain relief efficacy and safety of using a digital automatic anesthetic injector for local anesthesia. Methods: Thirty-three patients undergoing excision of a benign soft tissue tumor under local anesthesia were prospectively enrolled from September 2021 to February 2022. A single-blind, randomized controlled study was conducted. Patients were divided into two groups by randomization: the experimental group with digital automatic anesthetic injector method (I-JECT group) and the control group with conventional injection method. Before surgery, the Amsterdam preoperative anxiety information scale was used to measure the patients' anxiety. After local anesthetic was administered, the Numeric Pain Rating Scale was used to measure the pain. The amount of anesthetic used was divided by the surface area of the lesion was recorded. Results: Seventeen were assigned to the conventional group and 16 to the I-JECT group. The mean Numeric Pain Rating Scale was 1.75 in the I-JECT group and 3.82 in conventional group. The injection pain was lower in the I-JECT group (p< 0.01). The mean Amsterdam preoperative anxiety information scale was 11.00 in the I-JECT group and 9.65 in conventional group. Patient's anxiety did not correlate to injection pain regardless of the method of injection (p= 0.47). The amount of local anesthetic used per 1 cm² of tumor surface area was 0.74 mL/cm² in the I-JECT group and 2.31 mL/cm² in the conventional group. The normalization amount of local anesthetic was less in the I-JECT group (p< 0.01). There was no difference in the incidence of complications. Conclusion: The use of a digital automatic anesthetic injector has shown to reduce pain and the amount of local anesthetics without complication.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.32A no.7
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• pp.69-76
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• 1995

A new device structure has been developed for p-i-n switches. In this structure, the phosphorus-diffused n$^{+}$ layter adjacent to the boron-doped anode is used to short the p$^{+}$ anode-channel(i-region). This change in the anode electrode structure results in a significant improvement in the threshold voltage-to-holding voltage($V_{Th}/V_{h}$) ratio, which is due to the suppression of the hold injection from the anode by the n$^{+}$ layer. The shorted anode p-i-n devices of a 100 .mu.m channel length show an extremely high threshold voltage in the 250~300 V range and a low holding voltage in the 5~9 V range. These features of the device are expected to acdelerate their practical application to power switching circuits.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.281-288
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• 2004

The present study was undertaken to confirm whether melittin, a major constituent of whole bee venom (WBV), had the ability to produce the same nociceptive responses as those induced by WBV. In the behavioral experiment, changes in mechanical threshold, flinching behaviors and paw thickness (edema) were measured after intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of WBV (0.1 mg & 0.3 mg/paw) and melittin (0.05 mg & 0.15 mg/paw), and intrathecal (i.t.) injection of melittin $(6{\mu}g)$. Also studied were the effects of i.p. (2 mg & 4 mg/kg), i.t. $(0.2{\mu}g\;&\;0.4{\mu}g)$ or i.pl. (0.3 mg) administration of morphine on melittin-induced pain responses. I.pl. injection of melittin at half the dosage of WBV strongly reduced mechanical threshold, and increased flinchings and paw thickness to a similar extent as those induced by WBV. Melittin- and WBV-induced flinchings and changes in mechanical threshold were dose- dependent and had a rapid onset. Paw thickness increased maximally about 1 hr after melittin and WBV treatment. Time-courses of nociceptive responses induced by melittin and WBV were very similar. Melittin-induced decreases in mechanical threshold and flinchings were suppressed by i.p., i.t. or i.pl. injection of morphine. I.t. administration of melittin $(6{\mu}g)$ reduced mechanical threshold of peripheral receptive field and induced flinching behaviors, but did not cause any increase in paw thickness. In the electrophysiological study, i.pl. injection of melittin increased discharge rates of dorsal horn neurons only with C fiber inputs from the peripheral receptive field, which were almost completely blocked by topical application of lidocaine to the sciatic nerve. These findings suggest that pain behaviors induced by WBV are mediated by melittin-induced activation of C afferent fiber, that the melittin-induced pain model is a very useful model for the study of pain, and that melittin-induced nociceptive responses are sensitive to the widely used analgesics, morphine.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 1998

This study was conducted to determined if single subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of Folltropin-V dissolved in polyethyleneglycol (PEG) can replace as the standard multiple intramuscular (i.m.) injection. The results suggest that the s.c. treatment produced more corpora lutea, embryos recovered and transferable embryos as compared to the i.m. treatment (p<0.05). This study indicates that a single s.c. injection of Folltropin-V dissolved in PEG was effective for superovulatory response and embryo yield in Korean cattle.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.189-201
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to know the effect of aquatic-exercise on muscle atrophy which induced by steroid injection. The forty-eight Sparague-Dawley adult male rats were assigned to the 4 groups; Group I (distilled water injection), Group II (steroid injection), Group III (distilled water injection with aquatic exercise), Group IV (steroid injection with aquatic exercise). We observed their body weight, muscle relative weight, myofibrillar protein content. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Body weight was decreased rapidly on steroid injection groups in comparison with distilled water injection groups after 2 weeks (p<0.01), but that was almost recovered as before test on steroid injection group with aquatic exercise. 2. The relative weight of gastrocnemius muscles was decreased on steroid injection groups in comparison with distilled water injection groups. however, Decrease of it on steroid injection group with aquatic exercise for steroid injection group was fallen. There was very significant difference after 4 weeks (p<0.01). 3. Myofibrillar protein content of gastrocnemius muscles was decreased on steroid injection groups in comparison with distilled water injection groups. however, Decrease of it on steroid injection group with aquatic exercise for steroid injection group was fallen. There was significant difference after 4 weeks (p<0.05).