• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.323-339
• /
• 2020

In steel framed-tube structures (SFTSs), the plastic hinges at beam-ends cannot be adequately improved because of the large cross sections of spandrel beams, which results in the lower ductility and energy dissipation capacities of traditional SFTSs. To address this drawback, high-strength steel fabricated SFTSs with bolted web-connected replaceable shear links (HSFTS-SLs) have been proposed. In this system, shear links use conventional steel and are placed in the middle of the deep spandrel beams to act as energy dissipative components. In this study, 2/3-scaled HSFTS-SL specimens were fabricated, and cyclic loading tests were carried out to study the seismic performance of both specimens. The finite element models (FEMs) of the two specimens were established and the numerical results were compared with the test results. The results showed that the specimens had good ductility and energy dissipation capacities due to the reliable deformation capacities. The specimens presented the expected failure modes. Using a shorter shear link can provide a higher load-carrying capacity and initial elastic lateral stiffness but induces lower ductility and energy dissipation capacity in HSFTS-SLs. The performance of the specimens was comparable to that of the original sub-structure specimens after replacing shear links. Additionally, the expected post-earthquake recoverability and resilience of the structures could be achieved by replacing shear links. The acceptable residual interstory drift that allows for easy replacement of the bolted web-connected shear link was 0.23%. The bolted web-connected shear links had reliable hysteretic responses and deformation capacities. The connection rotation had a notable contribution to total link rotation. The results of the numerical analysis run for the proposed FEMs were consistent with the test results. It showed that the proposed FEMs could be used to investigate the seismic performance of the HSFTS-SL.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.163-177
• /
• 2020

Concentrically Braced Frames (CBFs) are commonly used in the construction of steel structures because of their ease of implementation, rigidity, low lateral displacement, and cost-effectiveness. However, the principal disadvantage of this kind of braced frame is the inability to provide deformation capacity (ductility) and buckling of bracing elements before yielding. This paper aims to present a novel Composite Buckling Restrained Fuse (CBRF) to be utilized as a bracing segment in concentrically braced frames that allows higher ductility and removes premature buckling. The proposed CBRF with relatively small dimensions is an enhancement on the Reduced Length Buckling Restrained Braces (RL-BRBs), consists of steel core and additional tensile elements embedded in a concrete encasement. Employing tensile elements in this composite fuse with a new configuration enhances the energy dissipation efficiency and removes the tensile strength limitations that exist in bracing elements that contain RL-BRBs. Here, the optimal length of the CBRF is computed by considering the anticipated strain demand and the low-cyclic fatigue life of the core under standard loading protocol. An experimental program is conducted to explore the seismic behavior of the suggested CBRF compare with an RL-BRB specimen under gradually increased cyclic loading. Moreover, Hysteretic responses of the specimens are evaluated to calculate the design parameters such as energy dissipation potential, strength adjustment factors, and equivalent viscous damping. The findings show that the suggested fuse possess a ductile behavior with high energy absorption and sufficient resistance and a reasonably stable hysteresis response under compression and tension.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.173-190
• /
• 2012

With recent growing interests in the Performance-Based Seismic Design and Assessment Methodology, more realistic modeling of a structural system is deemed essential in analyzing, designing, and evaluating both newly constructed and existing buildings under seismic events. Consequently, a shallow foundation element becomes an essential constituent in the implementation of this seismic design and assessment methodology. In this paper, a contact interface fiber section element is presented for use in modeling soil-shallow foundation systems. The assumption of a rigid footing on a Winkler-based soil rests simply on the Euler-Bernoulli's hypothesis on sectional kinematics. Fiber section discretization is employed to represent the contact interface sectional response. The hyperbolic function provides an adequate means of representing the stress-deformation behavior of each soil fiber. The element is simple but efficient in representing salient features of the soil-shallow foundation system (sliding, settling, and rocking). Two experimental results from centrifuge-scale and full-scale cyclic loading tests on shallow foundations are used to illustrate the model characteristics and verify the accuracy of the model. Based on this comprehensive model validation, it is observed that the model performs quite satisfactorily. It resembles reasonably well the experimental results in terms of moment, shear, settlement, and rotation demands. The hysteretic behavior of moment-rotation responses and the rotation-settlement feature are also captured well by the model.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제51권2호
• /
• pp.277-297
• /
• 2014

Since the isolation bearings undergo large displacements in base-isolated structures, impact with adjacent structures is inevitable. Therefore, in this investigation, the effect of impact on seismic response of isolated structures mounted on double concave friction pendulum (DCFP) bearings subjected to near field ground motions is considered. A non-linear viscoelastic model of collision is used to simulate structural pounding more accurately. 2-, 4- and 8-story base-isolated buildings adjacent to fixed-base structures are modeled and the coupled differential equations of motion related to these isolated systems are solved in the MATLAB environment using the SIMULINK toolbox. The variation of seismic responses such as base shear, displacement in the isolation system and superstructure (top floor) is computed to study the impact condition. Also, the effects of variation of system parameters: isolation period, superstructure period, size of seismic gap between two structures, radius of curvature of the sliding surface and friction coefficient of isolator are contemplated in this study. It is concluded that the normalized base shear, bearing and top floor displacement increase due to impact with adjacent structure. When the distance between two structures decreases, the base shear and displacement increase comparing to no impact condition. Besides, the increase in friction coefficient difference also causes the normalized base shear and displacement in isolation system and superstructure increase in comparison with bi-linear hysteretic behavior of base isolation system. Totally, the comparison of results indicates that the changes in values of friction coefficient have more significant effects on 2-story building than 4- and 8-story buildings.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.47-56
• /
• 2007

본 연구에서는 지진하중을 받는 탄성 및 비탄성 구조물에 대하여 수동 및 준능동 TMD의 지진응답제어성능을 평가하였다. 먼저 기존의 연구에서 제안된 식을 사용하여 최적 설계된 수동형 TMD와 본 연구에서 제시된 준능동 TMB가 설치된 탄성 구조물의 변위스펙트럼을 구하였으며, 준능동 TMD가 TMD보다 작은 스트로크를 가지고도 최대변위응답제어에 있어 우수함을 확인하였다. 또한 구조물의 주기와 TMD의 주기가 일치하지 않은 경우의 성능저하에 대한 TMD의 강인성을 평가하였다. 최종적으로 Bouc-Wen 모델을 사용하여 모사된 비탄성이력 특성을 가지는 구조물에 대한 수치해석을 수행하였으며, 이를 통해 탄성구조물에 대하여 최적화된 수동형 TMD의 성능은 구조물 응답의 비탄성이력 부분이 증가함에 따라 크게 저하되는 반면 준능동 TMD는 수동형 TMD보다 약 15-40% 정도의 더 많은 응답감소효과를 가짐을 확인하였다.

• Advances in concrete construction
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.257-267
• /
• 2019

This paper presents the results of cyclic loading tests on new high-strength concrete (HC) short columns. The seismic performance and deformation capacity of three reinforced high-strength concrete filled Polyvinyl Chloride tube (RHC-PVCT) short columns and one reinforced high-strength concrete (RHC), under pseudo-static tests (PSTs) with vertical axial force was evaluated. The main design parameters of the columns in the tests were the axial compression ratio, confinement type, concrete strength, height-diameter ratio of PVCT. The failure modes, hysteretic curves, skeleton curves of short columns were presented and analyzed. Placing PVCT in the RHC column could be remarkably improved the ultimate strength and energy dissipation of columns. However, no fiber element models have been formulated for computing the seismic responses of RHC-PVCT columns with PVT tubes filled with high-strength concrete. Nonlinear finite element method (FEM) was conducted to predict seismic behaviors. Finite element models were verified through a comparison of FEM results with experimental results. A parametric study was then performed using validated FEM models to investigate the effect of several parameters on the mechanical properties of RHC-PVCT short columns. The parameters study indicated that the concrete strength and the ratio of diameter to height affected the seismic performance of RHC-PVCT short column significantly.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.58-65
• /
• 2016

이 논문은 지진응답을 감소시키기 위해 외부설치형 카고메 감쇠시스템의 유효성을 비선형 동적 해석 결과를 통해 나타내었다. 이전의 연구에 의해 제안된 카고메 감쇠시스템을 활용하여 본 연구에서는 등방성, 이선형 이력특성 및 설치구성이 새롭게 제안하였다. 또한, 외부접합형 카고메 감쇠시스템의 여러 가지 효과를 15층 및 20층 철근콘크리트 라멘조 아파트를 대상으로 검증하였다. 원구조물에 대한 감쇠장치 지지구조물의 강성비, 감쇠장치의 수량 및 설치 층수는 설계변수로 고려하였다. 수치해석결과, EKDS는 기존의 한 방향 층간에 설치되는 감쇠시스템과 비교할 때 더 작은 수를 적용하여도 두 방향의 지진하중을 감소시키는데 매우 효과적임을 입증되었다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
• /
• pp.237-240
• /
• 2008

현재 우리나라 고속도로의 일부 도로와 교량들은 이미 노후화가 진행 중이며, 또한 증가하는 교통량을 소화하기 위해 교량의 보수 및 보강, 신축, 확장이 필요한 구간이 많은 실정이다. 이러한 교량 공사는 공사가 진행되는 동안 야기되는 사회적 민원이나 그 밖의 손실, 교통통제에 따른 우회차량의 경제적 손실등과 밀접하며 점점 중요한 문제로 부각되고 있다. 이러한 영향으로 교량 공사의 현장작업 최소화를 위해 다양한 프리캐스트 부재와 공법 등이 개발되고 있으며 새로운 소재를 적용하기 위한 연구 또한 진행 중이다. 본 연구에서는 프리캐스트형(形) CFFT 개발을 위해 축소모형 실험을 수행하였고, 결과 비교를 위해 동일한 제원의 현장타설형(形) RC교각과 현장타설형(形) CFFT 교각의 축소모형 실험도 수행하였다. 각 실험체의 하중-변위 곡선을 얻어 내하력을 비교하였고, 변위연성도를 구하여 내진성능을 비교해 보았다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.503-513
• /
• 2007

구조물의 지진응답은 구조물의 강성도에 영향을 미치는 접합부의 특성에 영향을 받는다. 본 연구에서는 합성반강접 접합부를 갖는 2차원 8층 비가새 철골구조물에 대하여 동적 비선형 해석 프로그램을 이용한 푸쉬오버 해석과 시간이력해석을 실시하여 구조물의 거동을 예측하였다. 접합부 비선형 모멘트-회전 특성, 합성보 및 철골기둥의 재료 비선형 특성을 고려하여 구조해석을 실시하였다. 합성반강접 접합부를 완전 강접합부로 이상화하면 푸쉬오버 해석에서 구조물의 초기강성도와 종국강도가 증가되었고 시간이력해석에서는 밑면전단력, 최대층간변위, 보 및 기둥에 발생되는 최대 휨모멘트가 접합부 강성 및 이력거동의 영향을 받았다. 최대지반가속도가 0.4g인 지진파에 대하여 합성반강접 구조물에서는 FEMA 273의 최대 층간변위에 대한 인명손상방지 기준을 만족하였으며 보와 기둥이 비탄성 거동을 경험하지 않은 반면 완전 강접합부로 이상화한 구조물에서는 보 및 기둥이 비탄성 거동을 경험하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.383-393
• /
• 2024

Monopile foundations of offshore wind turbines embedded in soft clay are subjected to the long-term cyclic lateral loads induced by winds, currents, and waves, the vibration of monopile leads to the accumulation of pore pressure and cyclic strains in the soil in its vicinity, which poses a threat to the safety operation of monopile. The researchers mainly focused on the hysteretic stress-strain relationship of soft clay and kinds of stiffness degradation models have been adopted, which may consume considerable computing resources and is not applicable for the long-term bearing performance analysis of monopile. In this study, a modified cyclic stiffness degradation model considering the effect of plastic strain and pore pressure change has been proposed and validated by comparing with the triaxial test results. Subsequently, the effects of cyclic load ratio, pile aspect ratio, number of load cycles, and length to embedded depth ratio on the accumulated rotation angle and pore pressure are presented. The results indicate the number of load cycles can significantly affect the accumulated rotation angle of monopile, whereas the accumulated pore pressure distribution along the pile merely changes with pile diameter, embedded length, and the number of load cycles, the stiffness of monopile can be significantly weakened by decreasing the embedded depth ratio L/H of monopile. The stiffness degradation of soil is more significant in the passive earth pressure zone, in which soil liquefaction is likely to occur. Furthermore, the suitability of the "accumulated rotation angle" and "accumulated pore pressure" design criteria for determining the required cyclic load ratio are discussed.