• 한국강구조학회 논문집
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.503-513
• /
• 2007

구조물의 지진응답은 구조물의 강성도에 영향을 미치는 접합부의 특성에 영향을 받는다. 본 연구에서는 합성반강접 접합부를 갖는 2차원 8층 비가새 철골구조물에 대하여 동적 비선형 해석 프로그램을 이용한 푸쉬오버 해석과 시간이력해석을 실시하여 구조물의 거동을 예측하였다. 접합부 비선형 모멘트-회전 특성, 합성보 및 철골기둥의 재료 비선형 특성을 고려하여 구조해석을 실시하였다. 합성반강접 접합부를 완전 강접합부로 이상화하면 푸쉬오버 해석에서 구조물의 초기강성도와 종국강도가 증가되었고 시간이력해석에서는 밑면전단력, 최대층간변위, 보 및 기둥에 발생되는 최대 휨모멘트가 접합부 강성 및 이력거동의 영향을 받았다. 최대지반가속도가 0.4g인 지진파에 대하여 합성반강접 구조물에서는 FEMA 273의 최대 층간변위에 대한 인명손상방지 기준을 만족하였으며 보와 기둥이 비탄성 거동을 경험하지 않은 반면 완전 강접합부로 이상화한 구조물에서는 보 및 기둥이 비탄성 거동을 경험하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.240-249
• /
• 2008

This paper presents an electromagnetic design method for magneto-rheological (MR) valves. Since the apparent viscosity of MR fluids is adjusted by applying magnetic fields, the MR valves can control high-level fluid power without any mechanical moving parts. In order to improve the performances of the MR valve, it is important that the magnetic field is effectively supplied to the MR fluid. For the purpose, the magnetic circuit composed with the yoke for forming magnetic flux path, the electromagnetic coil and the MR fluid should be well designed. In order to improve the static characteristic of the MR valve, the length of the magnetic flux path is decreased by removing the unnecessary bulk of the yoke. Also, in order to improve its dynamic and hysteretic characteristics, the magnetic reluctance of the magnetic circuit should be increased by minimizing the cross-sectional area of the yoke through which the magnetic flux passes. After two MR valves, one is a conventional type valve and the other is the proposed one, are designed and fabricated, their performances are evaluated experimentally.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.357-377
• /
• 2013

In order to study the degradation and damage behaviors of steel frame welded connections, two series of tests in references with different connection constructions were carried out subjected to various cyclic loading patterns. Hysteretic curves, degradation and damage behaviours and fatigue properties of specimens were firstly studied. Typical failure modes and probable damage reasons were discussed. Then, various damage index models with variables of dissipative energy, cumulative displacement and combined energy and displacement were summarized and applied for all experimental specimens. The damage developing curves of ten damage index models for each connection were obtained. Finally, the predicted and evaluated capacities of damage index models were compared in order to describe the degraded performance and failure modes. The characteristics of each damage index model were discussed in depth, and then their distributive laws were summarized. The tests and analysis results showed that the loading histories significantly affected the distributive shapes of damage index models. Different models had their own ranges of application. The selected parameters of damage index models had great effect on the developing trends of damage curves. The model with only displacement variable was recommended because of a more simple form and no integral calculation, which was easier to be formulated and embedded in application programs.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.367-389
• /
• 2008

Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are unique materials with a paramount potential for various applications in bridges. The novelty of this material lies in its ability to undergo large deformations and return to its undeformed shape through stress removal (superelasticity) or heating (shape memory effect). In particular, Ni-Ti alloys have distinct thermomechanical properties including superelasticity, shape memory effect, and hysteretic damping. SMA along with sensing devices can be effectively used to construct smart Reinforced Concrete (RC) bridges that can detect and repair damage, and adapt to changes in the loading conditions. SMA can also be used to retrofit existing deficient bridges. This includes the use of external post-tensioning, dampers, isolators and/or restrainers. This paper critically examines the fundamental characteristics of SMA and available sensing devices emphasizing the factors that control their properties. Existing SMA models are discussed and the application of one of the models to analyze a bridge pier is presented. SMA applications in the construction of smart bridge structures are discussed. Future trends and methods to achieve smart bridges are also proposed.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.319-334
• /
• 2018

In this paper, an analytical study was carried out to propose an optimum base-isolated system for the design of steel structures equipped with lead rubber bearings (LRB). For this, 5 and 10-storey steel moment resisting frames (MRFs) were designed as Special Moment Frame (SMF). These two-dimensional and three-bay frames equipped with a set of isolation systems within a predefined range that minimizes the response of the base-isolated frames subjected to a series of earthquakes. In the design of LRB, two main parameters, namely, isolation period (T) and the ratio of strength to weight (Q/W) supported by isolators were considered as 2.25, 2.5, 2.75 and 3 s, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15, respectively. The Force-deformation behavior of the isolators was modelled by the bi-linear behavior which could reflect the nonlinear characteristics of the lead-plug bearings. The base-isolated frames were modelled using a finite element program and those performances were evaluated in the light of the nonlinear time history analyses by six natural accelerograms compatible with seismic hazard levels of 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years. The performance of the isolated frames was assessed in terms of roof displacement, relative displacement, interstorey drift, absolute acceleration, base shear and hysteretic curve.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.315-326
• /
• 2018

This paper presents a novel time-domain method for the identification of plastic rotations and stiffness parameters of single-bay frames with nonlinear plastic hinges. Each plastic hinge is modelled as a pseudo-semi-rigid connection with nonlinear hysteretic moment-curvature characteristics at an element end. Through the comparison of the identified end rotations of members that are connected together, the plastic rotation that furnishes information of the locations and plasticity degrees of plastic hinges can be identified. The force consideration of the frame members may be used to relate the stiffness parameters to the elastic rotations and the excitation. The damped-least-squares method and damped-and-weighted-least-squares method are adopted to estimate the stiffness parameters of frames. A noise-removal strategy employing a de-noising technique based on wavelet packets with a smoothing process is used to filter out the noise for the parameter estimation. The numerical examples show that the proposed method can identify the plastic rotations and the stiffness parameters using measurements with reasonable level of noise. The unknown excitation can also be estimated with acceptable accuracy. The advantages and disadvantages of both parameter estimation methods are discussed.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.241-251
• /
• 2014

In this study, shaking table test was carried out to evaluate the seismic behavior and performance of low-rise reinforced concrete (RC) piloti structures with and without retrofit. The specimens were designed considering the characteristics of existing building with pilotis such as natural period, distribution factor of strength and stiffness between columns and core wall on the first soft story. The test for the non-retrofit specimen showed that damage was concentrated on the stiffer member on the same floor as the core wall failed by shear fracture whereas columns experienced slight flexural cracks. Considering the failure mode of the non-retrofit specimen, the retrofit method using steel rod damper was presented for improving the seismic performance of piloti structures. The results of the test for retrofit specimen revealed that the retrofit method was effective for controlling the damage as the main RC structural members were not destroyed and most of input energy was dissipated by hysteretic behavior of the damper.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.1097-1104
• /
• 1994

구조물은 그 수명기간동안 여러 하중을 받게 되고 이로 인해 손상을 입을 수 있으며 때로는 극심한 외부하중에 대해 구조물이 제기능을 상실하거나 파괴에 도달하게 되므로 구조물 설계과정에서 이에 대한 안전성확보가 중요한 요건이 된다. 지진하중을 받는 철근 콘크리트 구조물은 비선형 이력거동을 하게 되며 심한손상을 받을 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 지진하중을 받는 구조물의 추계적 응답특성을 이용하여 손상에 대한 확률적 누적방법을 제안하고 지진하중에 대한 구조물의 손상상수준을 손상지수로서 표현하여 안전성평가에 이용하고자 하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제25권11호
• /
• pp.1743-1750
• /
• 2001

This paper presents an analysis of nonlinear response of the seismically isolated structure against earthquake excitation to evaluate isolation performances of a rubber bearing. In the analysis of the vibration of building, the building is modeled by lumped mass system where the restoring force is considered as linear, bilinear and trilinear. Fundamental equations of motion are derived for the base isolated structure, and hysteretic and nonlinear-elastic characteristics are considered for a numerical calculation. The excitation levels are magnified fur the recorded strong earthquake motions in order to examine dynamic stability of the structure. Seismic responses (of the building are compared fur the each restoring force type. As a result, it is shown that the effect of the motion by the nonlinear response of the building is comparatively not so large from a seismic design standpoint. The responses of the isolated structures reduce sufficiently and controled the motion of the building well in a practical range. By increasing the acceleration of the earthquake, the yielding of the farce was occurred in the concrete and steel frame, which shows the necessity of the exact nonlinear dynamic analysis.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.35-41
• /
• 1986

본 논문에서는 점탄성지반의 지반-구조물 시스템을 해석하는 복합모형기법이 연구되었다. 복합모형은 지반-구조물 시스템을 구조물과 구조물주위의 반구형태의 지반으로 구성된 내부영역과 반구바깥부분의 외부영역으로 나누어 해석하는 방법으로서, 내부영역은 유한요소로 모형화하고 외부영역은 주파수 종속 임피던스로 나타낸다. 점탄성지반에 대한 외부영역 임피던스는 탄성지반에 대하여 구한 임피던스함수에 Hysteretic damping항을 더해주는 방법을 사용하였으며, 이에 대한 검증은 점탄성지반의 강체원형판에 대한 임피던스를 이론적인 값과 비교함으로써 수행되었다. 예제해석은 대형굴뚝에 대하여 수행되었으며, 해석결과를 자주 사용되는 다른 방법에 의한 결과와 비교 검토하였다.