• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.27-38
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• 1979

This study was attempted to investigate the pharmacological action, especially depressor action of Phellodendri cortex and to elucidate the mechanism of its action, making use of Phellodendri cortex methanol extract (PCME) because its hypotensive action is not clear. Influence of PCME on the blood pressure of the rabbits and cats were observed in this study. PCME, when given intravenously in the rabbits and cats, elicited the hypotensive action, but intraventricular PCME in the rabbits did not show depressor action. Accumulation and tachyphylaxis by PCME administered into the ear-vein of the rabbits were not shown. Depressor effect of PCME in the rabbits was attenuated significantly by pretreatment with phentolamine, guanethidine, chorisondamine and atropine, but not by propranolol, diphenhydramine, cyproheptadine and vagotomization. The pressor activity of angiotensin was unimpaired after injection of maximal hypotensive doses (100mg/kg) of PCME, but the pressor activity of norepinephrine and carotid occlusion was abolished markedly. In addition, PCME given into jugular vein of the cats weakened norepinephrine pressor responses and caused the reversal of epinephrine pressor responses. These results suggest that the hypotensive action of PCME may be due to dual mechanisms by interference with peripheral sympathetic function, alpha adrenoceptor blocking action, and peripheral parasympathomimetics action, muscarinic action.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.163-174
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• 1978

Plantaginis seed has been applied in Chinese medicine a as well as in folk remedy. It was advocated that Plantaginis S Semeη exerts good therapeutic effects as anti-inflammatory, antitussive, obstipant and diuretic agent in some cases of alimentary, respiratory a and renal disorders. This study was carried out in order to r re-evaluate the pharmacological action, especially the hypotensive a action of Plantaginis Semen and to elucidate the mechanism of its a action, making use of Plantaginis Semen methanol extract (PME), because its basic pharmacological action, i. e., hypotensive action is n not clear. 1) PME, when administered into intravenous route, elicited the h hypotensive response dependent on the dose of PME given to the rabbit anesthetized with urethane. 2) This hypotensive response of P PME was inhibited by atropine and potentiated by physostigmine, but not influ$\varepsilon$need by vagotomization. 3) Depressor effect of PME was blocked by chlorisondamine, phentolamine, and bethanicline, while not altered by cyproheptadine, diphenhydramine and propran¬olol. 4) The secondary pressor response after blocking the depressor e effect of PME by chlorisondamine was produced, but this pressor response was deminished by atropine. 5) PME augmented the pressor e effect of norepinephrine and angiotensin, on the other hand, reduced b blood pressure elevated by carotid occlusion reflex. 6) These observa¬t tions suggest that PME may induce the hypotensive response via dual mechanisms of parasympathomimetic and sympatholytic action, that the positions of this action are cholinergic peripheral site and sympathetic ganglia respectively, and that PME may possess the pressor activity caused by stimulation of "atropine-sensitive site" which seems to existsin the sympathetic ganglia.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.69-80
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• 1979

Effects of Astragali Radix Water Extract (ARWE) on the blood pressure were investigated in the whole rabbit and the spinalized rabbit. ARWE, when administered into the ear-vein or lateral ventricle, produced a fall in the blood pressure in the whole rabbit, but intravenous ARWE in the spinalized rabbit did not elicite the hypotensive action. Pretreatments with chlorisondamine, guanethidine, phentolamine and cyproheptadine in the whole rabbit weakened the depressor action of ARWE. The hypotensive action of the whole rabbit to ARWE was not influenced by the pretreatment of the animals with diphennylhydramine, propranolol, and vagotomization, whereas inhibited by atropine. ARWE did not affect the pressor response by angiotensin. However, it enhanced the hypertensive action by norepineprine and reduced the elevation in the blood pressure by carotid occlusion in the whole rabbit. These experimental observations suggest that ARWE may cause the depressor response via mechanisms of the central sympathetic blocking action, cholinergic action by peripheral origin and serotonin-like action.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.6-16
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• 1978

We obtained 4 kinds of extract fraction from Acanthopanacis Radicis Cortex and studied on the influence to the blood pressure of rabbit. These 4 fractions were obtained as follows; Fraction I was insoluble fraction by 99% ethanol from 80% methanol extract of Acanthopanacis Radicis Cortex, fraction II, precipitated fraction by ether from 99% ethanol soluble fraction of 80% methanol extract of Acanthopanaacis Radicis Cortex, fraction III, no precipitated fraction by ether from 99% ethanol soluble fraction of above 80% methanol extract and fraction IV, water extract of Acanthopanacis Radicis Cortex. All of fractions, when administered into ear-vein of rabbit, produced fall of blood pressure. Among these 4 fractions, although fraction III was not only the most potent but had the greatest efficacy, we observed the mechanism of hypotensive action of Acanthopanacis Radicis Cortex, making use of fraction II which was thought as a comparatively pure fraction. Hypotensive action of fraction II (APF II) was not affected by vagotominization but markedly inhibited by atropine. Pretreatment of bethanidine showed a tendency to weaken the depressor action of APF II, although it was not a significant result, but diphenhydramine did not influence APF II action. Phentolamine, guanethidine and chlorisondamine inhibited significantly the hypotensive action of APF II. APF II elicited the potentiation of norepinphrine pressor action dependent on the time-factor whereas it did not influence angiotesin pressor action. It is seemed that APF II exhibited hypotensive action, causing peripheral muscarinic-effect and centrally induced sympatholytic action.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.15 no.1_2 s.25
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• pp.45-56
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• 1979

With a view to searching after a new antihypertensive or hypotensive agents in the botanical crude plants, authors intended to reevaluate several natural products caltivated in Korea. This experiment was undertaken to compare pharmacogical actions of Machilus thunbergii Siebold et Zuccarini with those of Magnolia obovata Thunberg in anesthetized rats and in normal mice. Machilus thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc., a tree belonging to the Lauraceae family, is caltivated at Ull-ung Do, and their cortecies have been used as folk medicine mingled with those of Magnolia obovata Thunberg. These two cortecies have teen also applied in chinese medicine, it was advocated that these cortecies exerted good therapeutic effects on gastritis, convulsive abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and urinary tract disorders. Therefore, we intended to determine the pharmacological action of two palnt of different family each other, especially their effects on blood pressure and heart rate, and also their mechanism of action were observed. We studied their action with extracts of hexane(MTHE), ether(MTEE), methanol(MTME) and water(MTWE) from Machilus thunhergii Sieb. et Zucc., and also fractionations of methanol(MOME), chloroform(MOCE) and water(MOWE) from Mapolia obovata Thunberg. The results of this experiment were as follows; 1) MTME, when intravenously administered to rats, elicited the significant hypotensive responses dependent on the administered dosage. 2) MOWE was also exhibited the hypotensive effect dependent on the treated dose. 3) Depressor effect of MTME was blocked by pretreatment with hexamethonium. 4) The hypotensive response of MOWE was blocked by pretreatment with hexamethonium or hrdralazine. 5) HTME and MOWE were also observed the anticonvulsive effect and sedative effect. These results suggested that MTME may induce the hypotensive response via central sympathetic effect, but the site of action in brain are not clarified, and the hypotensive effect of MOWE may be due to dual mechanism of central sympathetic action and direct vasodilation of blood vessel.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.12 no.2 s.20
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• pp.61-65
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• 1976

Coptis rhizoma had been applied in the chines medicine as well as in the folk remidies and it was advocated that coptis rhizoma exerts good therapeutic effect in some case of alimentary disorders and other hypotensive ailments. However the basic pharmacology and the mechanism of hypotensive action are not clear. This experiment was carried out in order to reevaluate the pharmacology, especially hypotensive action of coptis rhizoma and to clarify the mechanism of action, in the rabbits and also $LD_{50}$ of coptis rhizoma was determined using mice as experimental animals. The results of the experiment were as follows. 1) $LD_{50}$ to the mice was 69 mg/kg. 2) Blood pressure manifested gradual responses by the fall of -17, -26, -62 mmHg in proportion to the administration of 3, 5, 10 mg/kg of coptis rhizoma extract respectively. 3) No significant differance was observed in heart rate between the normal control group and the coptis rhizoma extract treated group. 4) Administration of coptis rhizoma extract 5 mg/kg to the rabbit pretreated with atropine or avil did not show any significant difference in the blood pressure compared with that of control group. 5) In the rabbit pretreated with coptis rhizoma extract 5mg/kg, the hypotensive effect of epinephrine was significantly inhibited in comparison with that of normal rabbit.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.97-97
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• 2001

This Study was attempted to investigate tile effect of dopamine, SKF 81297, a dopamine D$_1$-receptor agonist, and TNPA, a dopamine D$_2$-receptor agonist, on the blood pressure in rat. Dopamine exhibited the hypertensive action in proportion to the doses of 1.0, 3.0 arid 10.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg i.v., these hypertensive action of dopamine was blocked significantly by SCH 23390, a dopamine D$_1$-receptor antagonist, on the other hand, more potentiated by raclopride, a dopamine D$_1$-receptor antagonist. SKF 81297 produced hypertensive action in a dose of 1.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg i.v., wherease hypotensive action in proportion to administered doses 3.0 and 10.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg i.v., these hypertensive action of SKF 81297 in a dose of 1.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg i.v. was not influenced by SCH 23390 or raclopride, but hypotensive action of SKF 81297 in tile doses of 3.0 and 10.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg i.v. was weakened significantly by SCH 23390, but more strenthened by raclopride. TNPA showed the hypotensive action in inverse proportion to administered doses of 1.0, 3.0 and 10.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg i.v., these hypotensive action was reversed to hypertensive action in inverse proportion to the administered doses of TNPA by SCH 23390 and raclopride.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.208-215
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• 1988

To investigate the experimental effects of Chunwangboshimdan which have been widely used for aterial or auricular flutter, neurosis, insomnia and disease caused by cardiac malfunction, we have done the effects on the central nervous and cardiovascular system. The result as follow; It inhibited the convulsion induced by caffeine, the writhing syndrome induced by acetic acid and the spontaneous movement. Furthermore it prolonged the sleeping time induced by thiopental-Na in mice. It also showed the negative inotropic action on the isolated heart of frog, the vasodilative action as to peripheral bloods of rabbit ear and the hypotensive action in the anesthetized rabbit.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.216-221
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• 1991

The inhibitory effects of glipizide on cromakalim-induced relaxation of aortae and hypotension in the anesthetized rats was examined. In rat thoracic aortic rings pre-contracted with norepinephrine, cromakalim produced a relaxation sustainedly. This relaxation was completely inhibited by pre- or post-treatment of glipizide. In the anesthetized rat, cromakalim produced a rapid and sustained fall in the arterial blood pressure. This hypotensive action of cromakalim was abolished by pre- or post-treatment of glipizide. It is suggested that glipizide is the potent inhibitor of cromakalim, $K^{+}$ channel opener, in the rats.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.121-127
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• 1984

Attempts were to investigate the effects of 'Bojungikgi-tang' on the digestive system, blood pressure and diuresis. The results showed that relaxing action was shown on the isolated ileum in mice and that strong antagonistic actions were seen on $BaCl_2$, acetylcholine and histamine-induced contraction of the ileum in mice and guinea-pigs that the relaxing effect of the intestinal smooth muscle was recognized. Inhibitory effects on transport rate in the small intestine of mice and castor oil-induced catharsis in mice were noted. Inhibitory action on the secretion of gastric juice, pH ascending effect and decreasing effect of the free acidity and total acidity were recognized. Continuous hypotensive action was seen, but when the vagus nerve was cut, hypotensive action was remarkably decreased. The diuretic effect was also recognized.