• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.14-21
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• 2013

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine how an integrated approach to type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment could improve glycemic control and immune-potentiating activities adherent to oral hypoglycemic agents along with a botanical compound, among primary care patients. Methods: In this study, we used the self-control and the group-control methods. Candidates meeting the trial conditions were selected from among volunteers who had taken the test substance for 45 days. During the trial, all groups were on a controlled diet; neither were the original medications nor their dosages changed. Results: The results showed that the botanical compound (Glyco-Persica$^{(R)}$) significantly reduced the main clinical symptoms in diabetes type 2. In the treatment group, 36 of 52 patients (69.23%) and in the control group 10 of 52 patients (19.23%) showed reduced symptoms, and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The fasting blood sugar in the treatment group after treatment compared with that before treatment and with that in the control group after treatment was statistically different (P < 0.05). The post-prandial glucose in the treatment group after treatment was significantly different from that before treatment and from that in the control group after treatment (P < 0.05); the post-prandial blood sugar in the treatment group was reduced by 8.98%. Conclusions: The results revealed that the botanical compound (Glyco-Persica$^{(R)}$) has significant hypoglycemic properties which affect main clinical symptoms in diabetes type 2. Body weight, blood pressure, heart rate, routine blood, stool and urine tests showed no meaningful negative changes after the course of treatment. There was no significant adverse reaction during the trial.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.568-578
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Psidium guajava L. (guava) leaves have been shown to exhibit hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effects in rodents. This study investigated the effects of guava leaf extract on adipogenesis, glucose uptake, and lipolysis of adipocytes to examine whether the antidiabetic properties are mediated through direct effects on adipocytes. MATERIALS/METHODS: 3T3-L1 cells were treated with 25, 50, 100 ㎍/mL of methanol extract from guava leaf extract (GLE) or 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide as a control. Lipid accumulation was evaluated with Oil Red O Staining and AdipoRed assay. Immunoblotting was performed to measure the expression of adipogenic transcription factors, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Glucose uptake under basal or insulin-stimulated condition was measured using a glucose analog 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose. Lipolysis from fully differentiated adipocytes was measured by free fatty acids release into the culture medium in the presence or absence of epinephrine. RESULTS: Oil Red O staining and AdipoRed assay have shown that GLE treatment reduced lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation. Mitotic clonal expansion, an early essential event for adipocyte differentiation, was inhibited by GLE treatment. GLE inhibited the expression of transcription factors involved in adipocyte differentiation, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 𝛄 (PPAR𝛄), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c). FAS expression was also decreased while the phosphorylation of AMPK was increased by GLE treatment. In addition, GLE increased insulin-induced glucose uptake into adipocytes. In lipid-filled mature adipocytes, GLE enhanced epinephrine-induced lipolysis but reduced basal lipolysis dose-dependently. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that GLE inhibits adipogenesis and improves adipocyte function by reducing basal lipolysis and increasing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes, which can be partly associated with antidiabetic effects of guava leaves.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2014

Although Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are generally treated by western medicine, many of them strongly believe in the traditional oriental Sasang constitutional classification and depend on it for food, health supplements, and oriental medicines decision making. Sasang constitutional classification is a part of traditional Korean medicine that divides people into four constitutional types (Tae-Yang: TY, Tae-Eum: TE, So-Yang: SY, and So-Eum: SE), which differ in inherited characteristics such as appearance, personality traits, susceptibility to diseases, and drug responses. It is recommended for T2DM patients to control their blood glucose very well from early stages with drugs and diet. However, many T2DM patients respond differently to their drugs, even though they receive the same medicine. Therefore, the present study investigated whether Sasang constitutional type can explain the therapeutic differences between oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) therapy (mono, dual and triple drug therapy). Patients of 618 with T2DM diagnosis and Sasang constitutional type known who received both western and oriental medicine treatment in a hospital between April 2006 and April 2013 retrospectively studied. HbA1c (%) and blood glucose (mg/dl) levels before OHAs therapy and 3 month after were collected for metformin (MET) or sulfonylurea (SU) monotherapy, MET+SU dual therapy, MET+except SU (where was either alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, meglitinide or thiazolidinedione) dual therapy, and triple therapy, according to Sasang constitutional type. For statistical analysis, ANOVA was used and paired t-test by SPSS 19.0 where P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Pattern was similar levels of HbA1c and blood glucose and which was decreased in order of mono, MET+SU dual, MET+except SU dual and triple therapy. In all patients comparison, for the So-yang (SY) constitutional type, either monotherapy was less effective; for Te-eum (TE) type, MET+SU dual therapy was less effective while MET+except SU dual therapy was more effective and the triple therapy was less effective; and for So-eum (SE) type, the triple therapy was more effective. For the management of TE type it is recommended to use drugs except SU when dual therapy is needed, restrict triple therapy and consider dual and insulin therapy; for SY type it is recommended to follow current guidelines; and for SE type it is advisable to skip dual therapy and start the triple therapy early. Finally, the therapeutic response to OHAs is different among Korean T2DM patients with different Sasang constitutional types. Taken together, the choice of effective OHAs therapy for each type is necessary in order to minimize the poor control of blood glucose level, the risk of complications, and the costs from a failure of therapy.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.250-256
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• 2004

Cordyceps possesses numerous health-promoting ingredients including hypoglycemic agents. The mechanism for the reduction of circulatory sugar content, however, is still not fully understand. In this study, 4-beta acetoxyscirpendiol (ASD) was purified from the methanolic extracts from fruiting bodies of Paecilomyces tenuipes. Na+/Glucose transporter-1 (SGLT-1) was expressed in the Xenopus oocytes. The effect of ASD on the oocyte expressed SGLT-1 was analyzed utilizing the voltage clamp and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DOG) uptake studies. ASD was shown to significantly inhibit SGLT-1 activity compared to the non-treated control in a dose- dependent manner. In the presense of its two derivatives (diacetoxyscirpenol or 15-acetoxyscirpendiol), SGLT-1 activity was greatly inhibited similarly as ASD. Between ASD derivatives, 15-acetoxyscirepenol showed inhibition equivalent to that of ASD while diacetoxyscirpenol did less degree of inhibition. Insummary , these results strongly indicate that ASD in P. tenuipes may serve as a functional substance in lowering blood sugar in the circulatory system. ASD and its derivatives can be utilized as inhibitors of SGLT-1.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.44-55
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify factors influencing fundus examination to prevent diabetic retinopathy in diabetes patients to provide basic data to improve screening rates of fundus examinations. Methods: Raw data from the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which is a cross-sectional and nationally representative survey, were used in this study. The subjects of the study were 1,029 adult diabetes patients over the age of 19 years who had been diagnosed with diabetes. The demographic characteristics, diabetes and disease-related characteristics and health behavior characteristics according to the fundus examinations were analyzed by the chi-squared test and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the factors influencing fundus examination. Results: A total of 333 patients underwent fundus examination at a screening rate of 32.2%. We identified factors influencing fundus examination in patients with diabetes as level of education, type of diabetes care, period of diabetes, and smoking. Conclusion: A multiple approach is required to raise the low screening rate of fundus examination, including specialized education for low-education groups. Moreover, nursing intervention should focus on subjects who do not engage in insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents and with diabetes for a long period.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.179-182
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• 2011

Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM) is a rare form of diabetes mellitus that presents within the first 6 months of life with remission in infancy or early childhood. TNDM is mainly caused by anomalies in the imprinted region on chromosome 6q24; however, recently, mutations in the ABCC8 gene, which encodes sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1), have also been implicated in TNDM. Herein, we present the case of a male child with TNDM whose mutational analysis revealed a heterozygous c.3547C>T substitution in the ABCC8 gene, leading to an Arg1183Trp mutation in the SUR1 protein. The parents were clinically unaffected and did not show a mutation in the ABCC8 gene. This is the first case of a de novo ABCC8 gene mutation in a Korean patient with TNDM. The patient was initially treated with insulin and successfully switched to sulfonylurea therapy at 14 months of age. Remission of diabetes had occurred at the age of 16 months. Currently, the patient is 21 months old and is euglycemic without any insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents. His growth and physical development are normal, and there are no delays in achieving neurological and developmental milestones.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension. The subjects were 209 type 2 diabetic patients who visited at the endocrine center at Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital of Catholic University in Seoul from beginning of March through the end of April in 2001. The patient's clinical laboratory data were assessed at medical record review. The data were analyzed using for t-test, $x^2$ test. The results were as follows: 1) There were no significant differences in age, body mass index, sex, family history of diabetes and oral hypoglycemic agents between hypertensive group and normotensive group, However, percentage of patients receiving insulin treatment was higher significantly in the hypertensive group. 2) Creatinine and microalbuminuria levels were higher significantly in the hypertensive group. However, fasting blood glucose levels were lower significantly in the hypertensive group. There were no significant differences in $HbA_1c$, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein(a) and blood urea nitrogen between two groups. Our present study supports that Creatinine and microalbuminuria levels were higher significantly in the hypertensive group.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.77-81
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• 2014

Mushrooms are considered not only as food but also for source of physiologically beneficial medicines. The culinary-medicinal mushrooms may important role in the prevention of age-associated neurological dysfunctions, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Hericium erinaceus (H. erinaceus), is edible mushrooms, is a parasitic fungus that grows hanging off of logs and trees and well established candidate for brain and nerve health. H. erinaceus contains high amounts of antioxidants, beta-glucan, polysaccharides and a potent catalyst for brain tissue regeneration and helps to improve memory and cognitive functions. Its fruiting bodies and the fungal mycelia exhibit various pharmacological activities, including the enhancement of the immune system, antitumor, hypoglycemic and anti-aging properties. H. erinaceus stimulates the synthesis of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) which is the primary protein nutrient responsible for enhancing and repairing neurological disorders. Especially hericenones and erinacines isolated from its fruitin body stimulate NGF, synthesis. This fungus is also utilized to regulate blood levels of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol. H. erinaceus can be considered as useful therapeutic agents in the management and/or treatment of neurodegeneration diseases. However, this review focuses on in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials for neurodegerative disease.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.346-353
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. The subjects were 390 out type 2 diabetic patients from beginning of March through the end of April in 2001, who visited at the endocrine center at Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital of Catholic University in Seoul. The patients' clinical laboratory data were assessed at medical record review. The data were analyzed using for t-test and $\chi^2$ test. The results were as follows : 1. There were no significant differences in age, body mass index, family history of diabetes and hypoglycemic agents between normoalbuminuria group and microalbuminuria group. 2. The level of systolic blood pressure and creatinine of microalbuminuria group were higher than those of normoalbuminuria group. There were no significant differences in HbAlc, fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein(a) and blood urea nitrogen between normoalbuminuria group and microalbuminuria group.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.176-184
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• 2011

Modern treatment of diabetes with hypoglycemic agents have been resulted the Pathological changes. Therefore, the pattern identifications of Korean traditional medicine also have to change. The aim of this study is to learn about the recent change of the pattern identifications on diabetes mellitus. Chinese traditional medicine is more free than us in medical activities because of the combination of Western and Eastern medical treatment and so there has been much published studies. Therefore, 35 papers that were searched from 2003 to 2010 in China by the keyword '糖尿' & '消渴' through the date base system of Kisti & Cnki were selected and analyzed. 35 review papers were composed of 28 observing academically and 7 clinical research studies. The combination of Western and Eastern Medical treatment has been effective than Western Medical treatment alone and the stasis(瘀血) acted as an important etiology on Diabetes mellitus. In the treatment of diabetes the stasis should be considered consistently from the onset.