• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.17
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• pp.21-30
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• 1998

인슐린의존형당뇨병 환자의 혈당조절의 방법으로 먼저 식이요법과 운동이 권장되며, 이러한 방법으로 혈당조절이 만족스럽지 않을 때 경구혈당강하제를 사용하는 것은 혈당조절과 합병증 예방에 중요한 역할을 할 수 있다. 국내에서는 경구혈당강하제로 설폰요소제, 비구아나이드제인 메트포르민(metformin) 및 알파글루코시다제(${\alpha}$-glucosidase) 억제제인 아카보스(acarbose) 등이 사용되고 있다. 새로 개발중인 트로글리타존, 지방산 산화 억제제 등의 약제는 아직 임상에서 널리 사용되고 있지는 않다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.75-75
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• 1997

뛰어난 혈당강하작용을 가지고 있는 oxirane carboxilic acid의 analogue 합성과 관련하여 oxirane carboxilic acid의 기본골격을 용이하게 형성할 수 있고 동시에 다앙한 관능기를 갖는 side chain을 도입할 수 있는 방법을 개발함으로써 다양한 유도체들을 합성하는데 이용하고자 함. 방법 및 결과 $\alpha$,$\beta$-unsaturated ester로부터 dioxirane을 이용한 직접적인 epoxidation을 통해서 보통의 방법으로는 얻기 어려운 oxirane carboxilic acid의 ester를 높은 수율로 합성할 수 있는 방법이 개발되었으며 특히 분자내에 cpoxide 존재하에서도 Mitsnobu 방법을 이용한 O-alkylation에 의해 aryl ether 결합을 형성할 수 있는 방법이 개발되었으며 이들 방법을 이용하여 다양한 유도체들을 합성하였다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.202-208
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• 2004

Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic derangement with hyperglycaemia being the most characteristic symptom of diabetes. Hyperglycaemia can be caused by an increase in the rate of glucose production by the liver or by a decrease in the rate of glucose use by peripheral tissues. Impaired glucose transport is one of the major factors contributing to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. The ability of insulin to mediate tissue glucose uptake is a critical step in maintaining glucose homeostasis and in clearing the post-prandial glucose load. Glucose transport is mediated by specific carriers called glucose transporters (GLUTs). In this article, the functional importance and molecular mechanisms of insulin-induced glucose transport and development of hypoglycaemic agents which increase glucose transport are reviewed.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.661-674
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• 2023

Abstract: This retrospective study delved into the effects and safety considerations associated with the concomitant usage of hypoglycemic agents and herbal extracts, specifically Pyeongwi-san (PWS) or HyangsaPyongwi-san (HSPWS) in the context of type 2 diabetes mellitus management. Methods: The investigation involved 38 inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who received PWS or HSPWS treatment at Kyung Hee University Korean Medical Hospital from January 2012 to December 2022. By investigating clinical attributes and conducting laboratory assessments, this study aimed to discern the impact of these herbal extracts on blood glucose levels, encompassing fasting blood sugar (FBS) and mean 2-hour postprandial glucose (PP2) levels. Furthermore, the safety profile of the herbal extracts was assessed by comparing liver function indicators, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alongside kidney function markers, such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr). Results: Following the administration of the herbal extracts, no statistically significant alterations in FBS and mean PP2 levels emerged compared to the baseline levels. Notably, the safety evaluation revealed no significant differences in liver and kidney function parameters following herbal extract administration. Conclusion: The results of this research indicate that using PWS or HSPWS alongside hypoglycemic medications could be a beneficial additional method for addressing digestive symptoms in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Notably, this combination seems to have no negative interactions with other drugs.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2016

Background: This study examined the hypoglycemic and kidney protective effect of black ginseng in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Methods and Results: Diabetes was induced by treating mice with streptozotocin (STZ) for four weeks. In vivo studies were performed in order to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of the black ginseng prosapogenin (GBG05-FF) extract. The body weight and blood glucose level were measured. Moreover, after the mice were sacrificed, the kidneys were isolated and histological changes were observed with hematoxylin and eosin staining. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were also measured. The results showed that administration of black ginseng increased body weight. Compared to blood glucose levels in STZ mice, blood glucose levels were reduced by 48% in STZ mice supplemented with 300 mg/kg of black ginseng, and by 69% in STZ mice supplemented with 900 mg/kg. Furthermore, histopathological examination of STZ mouse kidneys revealed, changes in the kidneys, epithelial cell damages, inflammatory cell infiltration and glomerulus hypertrophy. However, a significant reduction of glomerular water droplets (indicative of glomerulus hypertrophy) was observed in the kidneys of STZ mice supplemented with black ginseng extract. Conclusions: These results suggest that black prosapogenin (GBG05-FF) ginseng extract has a significant hypoglycemic effect and can be used as an anti-diabetic substance and renal protective agents as part of dietary supplements or novel drugs.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.205.2-206
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• 2003

This experiment was designed to evaluate the immune responses after treatment of diabetes by using water extract of traditional herbal drugs on the splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages in vivo. We found two herbal materials of the hypoglycemic agents based on inhibitory activity of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase. These potential herbal drugs which remarkably inhibited ${\alpha}$-glucosidase in STZ-induced diabetic mices (STZ 150 mg/kg, i.p.) were Mori radicis Cortex(MRC, 2.32 mg/mouse) and Cudraniae radicis Cortex (CRC, 2.24mg/mouse). (omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.342.3-343
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• 2002

Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia. and impaired insulin action. Insulin resistance is considered to be the underlying mechanism in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. which also leads to dyslipidemia, hypertension. and obesity. Thazolidinediones are a class of oral insulin-sensitizing agents that improve glucose utilization without increasing insulin release. They significantly reduce glucose, lipid and insulin levels in rodent models of NIDDM and obesity, and recent clinical data support theri efficacy in obese diabetic patients. (omitted)

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2017

Child obesity has become a significant health issue in Korea. Prevalence of obesity in school-age children in Korea has been alarmingly rising since 2008. Prevalence of obesity among infants and preschool-age children in Korea has doubled since 2008. Obese children may develop serious health complications. Before nutritional counseling is pursued, several points should be initially considered. The points are modifiable risk factors, assessment for child obesity, and principles of treatment. Motivational interviewing and a multidisciplinary team approach are key principles to consider in managing child obesity effectively in the short-term as well as long-term. Nutritional counseling begins with maintaining a daily log of food and drink intake, which could possibly be causing obesity in a child. Several effective tools for nutritional counseling in practice are the Traffic Light Diet plan, MyPlate, Food Balance Wheel, and 'Food Exchange Table'. Detailed nutritional counseling supported by a qualified dietitian is an art of medicine enabling insulin therapy and hypoglycemic agents to effectively manage diabetes mellitus in obese children.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.2005-2017
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• 2007

Diabetic nephropathy remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the diabetic population and is the leading cause of end-stage renal failure. Despite current therapeutics including intensified glycemic control and blood pressure lowering agents, renal disease continues to progress relentlessly in diabetic patients, albeit at a lower rate. Since synthetic drugs for diabetes are known to have side effects, fungal mushrooms as a natural product come into preventing the development of diabetes. Our previous report showed the hypoglycemic effect of extracellular fungal polysaccharides (EPS) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In this study, we analyzed the differential expression patterns of rat kidney proteins from normal, STZ-induced diabetic, and EPS-treated diabetic rats, to discover diabetes-associated proteins in rat kidney. The results of proteomic analysis revealed that up to 500 protein spots were visualized, of which 291 spots were differentially expressed in the three experimental groups. Eventually, 51 spots were statistically significant and were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. Among the differentially expressed renal proteins, 10 were increased and 16 were decreased significantly in diabetic rat kidney. The levels of different proteins, altered after diabetes induction, were returned to approximately those of the healthy rats by EPS treatment. A histopathological examination showed that EPS administration restored the impaired kidney to almost normal architecture. The study of protein expression in the normal and diabetic kidney tissues enabled us to find several diabetic nephropathy-specific proteins, such as phospholipids scramblase 3 and tropomyosin 3, which have not been mentioned yet in connection with diabetes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.190-190
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• 1998

$_2$(5,7-dipropoxychrysin), $B_1$(chrysin7-O-toluate), $T_{0}$(5-hydroxy-7-butoxy-chrysin), and $O_1$(5- hydroxy-7 -octoxychrysin) are chrysin derivatives which have isolated from Mori Cortex Radicis. They exhibited strong hypoglycemic effect, so they can be developed for hypoglycemic agents. In this study, we evaluated the acute toxicity of $P_2$, $B_1$, $T_{0}$, and $O_1$ by a single oral administration in rats and mice. The male SD rats and the male ICR mice were divided into 5 groups, and each group was treated orally with 500mg/kg $P_2$, $B_1$, $T_{0}$, and $O_1$, and control respectively. 500mg/kg is the highest dosage which can be administered to mouse. Each group of mice were subdivided as the dosage, 5mg/kg, 20mg/kg, l00mg/kg, and 500mg/kg. After oral administration, we examined food consumption, clinical signs and mortality of each group for 12 days. We also examined body weight increment of animals before and after treatment. Then organ weights were examined on 13th day. There was no toxic effect in mortality, body weight changes, food consumption, clinical signs and organ weights. We found out that the $LD_{50}$ of $P_2$, $B_1$, $T_{0}$, and $O_1$ is more than 500mg/kg in rats.