• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.115-118
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• 2017

Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) is characterized by spontaneous hypoglycemia, extremely high serum insulin levels, and high titers of autoantibodies against endogenous insulin, in the absence of exogenous insulin injection. IAS often occurs following exposure to sulfhydryl-containing drugs, including alpha-lipoic acid (ALA). A 30-year-old woman without diabetes visited our outpatient clinic with recurrent hypoglycemia. She had been taken ALA for weight reduction since 3 weeks ago. Further hypoglycemia work up revealed very high insulin levels, C-Peptide levels and positive insulin antibodies. And conventional imaging examinations were negative for insulinoma or other pancreatic tumors. Finally, the diagnosis of Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) was made. Following the cessation of ALA, hypoglycemia improved, with no medication, and the patient experienced no further hypoglycemic attacks over the next month. The use of ALA as a nutritional supplement is increasing. We report a case of IAS associated with ALA in a non-diabetic patient.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.234-237
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• 2015

Hepatic glycogenosis in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) can be caused by poor glycemic control due to insulin deficiency, excessive insulin treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis, or excessive glucose administration to control hypoglycemia. Mauriac syndrome, which is characterized by hepatomegaly due to hepatic glycogenosis, growth retardation, delayed puberty, and Cushingoid features, is a rare diabetic complication. We report a case of hepatic glycogenosis mimicking Mauriac syndrome. A 14-year-old girl with poorly controlled type 1 DM was admitted to The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital for abdominal pain and distension. Physical examination revealed hepatomegaly and a Cushingoid face. The growth rate of the patient had decreased, and she had not yet experienced menarche. Laboratory findings revealed elevated liver enzyme levels. A liver biopsy confirmed hepatic glycogenosis. Continuous glucose monitoring showed hyperglycemia after meals and frequent hypoglycemia before meals. To control hyperglycemia, we increased insulin dosage by using an insulin pump. In addition, we prescribed uncooked cornstarch to prevent hypoglycemia. After strict blood glucose control, the patient's liver functions and size normalized. The patient subsequently underwent menarche. Hepatic glycogenosis is a complication of type 1 DM that is reversible with appropriate glycemic control.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.319-329
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• 2017

Purpose: This study evaluated the acquisition and retention effects on diabetes knowledge and academic self-efficacy of patient simulation-based hypoglycemia scenario using a high-fidelity simulator. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pretest/posttest repeated measures quasi-experimental design determined if nursing simulation using a high-fidelity simulator helps students acquire and retain diabetes knowledge and academic self-efficacy. A total of 101 nursing students from two universities participated in this study, comprising the experimental and control groups. The experimental group (n=52) at a university in S city comprised participants in an adult nursing class, nursing practicum, and simulation education. The control group (n=49) at a university in C city participated in an adult nursing class and nursing practicum without simulation education. Results: The experimental group had statistically significant group-time interaction effects on diabetes knowledge (p=.044) and self-confidence (p<.001) of academic self-efficacy compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results indicated that the patient simulation-based hypoglycemia scenario using a high-fidelity simulator applied to nursing education is useful in encouraging nursing students to engage in strategies with acquisition and retention effects, enhancing their diabetes knowledge and self-confidence of academic self-efficacy. Therefore, educators should use simulation programs effectively with nursing classes and practicum to enhance the effects of nursing competencies.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.353-353
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• 1997

Localized fibrous tumor of the pleura is a rare condition. Most follow a benign course and they are round as an incidental finding during routine chest X-ray. A small proportion of these tumors are malignant and have characteristic clinical and histopathological features. In this paper, we report three cases of localized fibrous tumors of the pleura, one malignant associated with asymptomatic hypoglycemia, the others benign. In a malignant case, the tumor was reseated through thoracotomy and the hypoglycemia was relieved immediately. In two benign cases, tumors on small pedicles were resected using video-assisted thoracic surgical technique.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.253.2-356
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• 1997

Localized fibrous tumor of the pleura is a rare condition. Most follow a benign course and they are round as an incidental finding during routine chest X-ray. A small proportion of these tumors are malignant and have characteristic clinical and histopathological features. In this paper, we report three cases of localized fibrous tumors of the pleura, one malignant associated with asymptomatic hypoglycemia, the others benign. In a malignant case, the tumor was reseated through thoracotomy and the hypoglycemia was relieved immediately. In two benign cases, tumors on small pedicles were resected using video-assisted thoracic surgical technique.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.471-474
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• 1994

Five experimental groups with five adult male rats in each, were exposed to 20, 35, 40 and $45^{\circ}C$ air temperature for 50-70 minutes, and to $50^{\circ}C$ for 30-50 minutes, respectively. Food and drinking water were not permitted during the exposure. Blood samples were obtained by heart puncture immediately after the thermal treatment. All the rats were hyperthermic (p<0.01) as compared to the controls ($20^{\circ}C$). Hyperthermia was associated with hypoglycemia which was significant (p<0.01) at 45 and $50^{\circ}C$ exposures. Plasma levels of GOT and GPT declined at 35 and $40^{\circ}C$ reaching the lowest (p<0.05) level at $45^{\circ}C$, while at $50^{\circ}C$ GOT level was elevated by 45% but GPT was normal as compared to the controls. Differences between groups were significant (p<0.01) for GOT and insignificant for GPT. Hematocrit value increased significantly (p<0.01) at 45 and $50^{\circ}C$, indicating hemoconcentration. It could be concluded that severe heat stress (45 and $50^{\circ}C$) resulted in critical hyperthermia, hypoglycemia, disturbed liver function, body dehydration, and hemoconcentration leading to death.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.128-132
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• 2007

Diarun plus, a polyherbal formulation containing herbal ingredients of folkloric Antidiabetic effect, was investigated for its effect on glycemic status in rats and mice. In contrast to conventional chemical induced diabetic animal models, changes in glycemic states were induced by physiological maneuvers. Results revealed that in euglycemic animals Diarun plus elicited little change (-10 to +10%), which was insignificant. In food deprivation/swim exercise induced hypoglycemia, Diarun plus reduced the degree of hypoglycemia in both rats and mice (from 38% to 27% in rats and 45% to 32% in mice). Similarly, the marked hyperglycemia induced by dextrose (70% in rats and 95% in mice) was reduced markedly to 8% and 25% respectively. The findings of the present study suggests that the ingredients of Diarun plus have the unique property of maintaining near euglycemic state irrespective of the altered glycemic state, and that have no significant effect in euglycemic condition.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.275-277
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• 2005

A six year old female Shih Tzu was euthanized after having about 2 months history of weakness and convulsion with hypoglycemia. On ultrasonography, several masses in variable sizes were noted in the liver and fine needle aspiration cytology revealed probable neoplasm of pancreatic origin. On necropsy, numerous round firm tan nodules with central depression were noted in the liver and heart. Mesenteric lymph node was enlarged and fused with presumable pancreatic tissue. Based on the histopathology and immunohistochemistry, the tumor was confirmed as malignant metastatic insulinoma.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.111-119
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• 2005

Glucose is the most importantenergy source in the central nervous system. Because the central nervous system cannot synthesize or store glucose. low blood glucose even for a short period results in no functionally normal activity of the brain. In addition, continuous low blood glucosecan cause irreversible brain damage and brain death. Therefore, the current status of emergency care by first aid staffs during transfer of patients with hypoglycemia has been investigated in this study, 114 patients who have visited the hospital using 119 Emergency Medical Service from January 1, 2004 till December, 2004 and shown blood glucose of 2.8 mmol/L and less on arrival have been involved. In case of nurses, assistant nurses, first aid staffs receiving first aid training and second-class emergency medical technicians(EMTs), they provided basic life support (BLS). In case of first-class EMTs, they measured blood sugar and then they orally administered glucose to conscious patients or provided simple first aids and prompt transfer for unconscious patients. As a result of analysis, it is suggested that first aid retraining is required.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.49-55
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• 2021

Atypical antipsychotics are more effective than typical antipsychotics and have fewer side effects such as tardive dyskinesia and extrapyramidal symptoms; therefore, prescriptions of atypical antipsychotics are increasing. However, recently, it has been reported that atypical antipsychotics have a higher incidence of diabetes, hyperglycemia, and obesity than typical antipsychotics. Atypical antipsychotics induce obesity-inhibiting appetite-related receptors such as serotonin and dopamine. Decreased exercise due to improving psychotic symptoms, and genetic characterictics can also cause weight gain. Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia were another metabolic problem related to treatment with atypical antipsychotics. The mechanisms of hyperglycemia were mainly related obesity, decreased anorexigenic hormones, and increased insulin resistance in multiple organs. There are also reports that genes related to diabetes have an effect on the incidence of diabetes mellitus treated with atypical antipsychotics. On the other hand, although it is not clear why hypoglycemia occurs, it documented in case reports all over the world. There are more reports of atypical antipsychotics than typical antipsychotics and these are frequently reported in Asians. Further research on the mechanism of hypoglycemia related to atypical antipsychotics is strongly recommended.