• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.32 no.1 s.124
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• pp.22-30
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• 2001

80% extract of Gamigwaruhaebaekbaekju-Tang (GGHBT), Gagamgwaruhaebaekbaekju-Tang (GGGHBT) and Gamigwaruhaebaekwhanggum-Tang (GGHWT) remarkably showed inhibitory effects on HMG-CoA reductase, lipid peroxidation of rat liver and LDL oxidation, and DPPH free radical scavenging effect in a dose-dependent manner. Especially, GGHWT which is formulated with Trichosanthis Fructus, Pinelliae Tuber, Aurantii Immatures Fructus, Magnoliae Cortex, Allii Macrostemi Bulbus, Cinnamomi Ramulus and Scutellariae Radix on the basis of Gwaruhaebaekbaekiu-Tang listed on the traditional medicinal references showed more effective hypocholesterolemic activities in vitro bioassay than the other prescriptions.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.353-357
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• 2002

We have previously demonstrated that kudzu root extracts have a hypocholesterolemic effect on rats fed diets high in fat and cholesterol. To further elucidate the mechanism involved, in this study we investigated the effect of water extracts of kudzu root, Pueraria radix, on the production of apolipoprotein B$_{100}$ (APo B$_{100}$) in HepG$_2$ liver cells and secretion of apolipoprotein B$_{48}$ (Apo B$_{48}$) in Caco$_2$ cells. Human cell lines, HepG$_2$ liver cells and Caco$_2$ intestinal epithelial cells, were grown with various concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%) of water extracts of kudzu root in the media. The kudzu root extract decreased Apo B$_{100}$ production and secretion. Treatment of HeP G$_2$ cells with the kudzu root extract also significantly decreased the intracellular total and free cholesterol concentration, and also decreased esterified cholesterol but was only significant at the highest dose of 2%. Apo B$_{48}$ production, but not secretion, from enterocytes was lowered by the kudzu root extracts. This research provided evidence that the hypocholesterolemic properties of kudzu root may be a consequence of decreased production and secretion of Apo B$_{100}$ in the liver and Apo B$_{48}$ in the intestine.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.981-990
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• 1998

The effects of indigestible dextrin on lipids in serum, tissue, and feces were investigated in two experiments carried out with 64 male Sprague-Dawley rats for eight weeks. Experiment I diet(normal fat diet) containing 5% corn oil and experiment II diet(high fat diet) containing 18% fat(13% beef tallow and 5% corn oil) and 1% cholesterol were divided into four groups with 0.5% cellulose(0.5CL : control), 10% cellulose(10CL), 10% Indigestible dextrin I(ID-I) and 10% indigestible dextrin II(ID-II), respectively. ID-I and ID-II diets produced a decrease in serum total lipid and cholesterol concentrations in both normal and high fat diets but more significantly in the groups fed high fat diet. ID-I, ID-II, and 10CL of high fat diet decreased serum glucose concentration. ID-I and ID-II diets also decreased liver cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in rats fed normal and high fit diets. The fecal excretion of cholesterol in ID-II/high fat diet was significantly higher than that of 0.5CL diet. Bile acid excretion was increased in the rats fed 10CL and ID-II diets of normal and high fat diets. These observations indicat the hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic effects of indigestible dextrin on the rats. These effects are mediated by the increase of facal cholesterol and bile acid excretion. (Korean J Nutrition31(6) : 981-990, 1998)

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.747-751
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• 2004

The effect of yogurt containing Hamcho (Salicornia herbacea) extract (Hamcho yogurt: HY) on the lipid concentrations in male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a cholesterol diet were studied. Rats were assigned three groups in the experiment; cholesterol diet (the CHOL group), cholesterol diet plus yogurt by lactic acid bacteria (the Y group) or cholesterol diet plus yogurt supplemented Hamcho extract by lactic acid bacteria (the HY group). Fermented milk with or without Hamcho extract in the diet supplemented at the levels 5.0% for 3 weeks. The concentrations of total cholesterol and bile acid in serum was significantly lower in the HY group than the CHOL group. This effect was also observed in rats fed a diet supplemented fermented milk. This cholesterol-lowering effect was more pronounced in the HY group compared to the Y group. The atherogenic index was significantly lower in the HY or Y groups than the CHOL group. The concentration of non esterified fatty acid in serum was significantly lower in the HY group than the CHOL and the Y groups. These results suggested that Hamcho yogurt exert the hypocholesterolemic effect in cholesterol fed rats.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 1993

This study was performed to investigate the effects of dietary calcium on blood and tissue lipids of adult rats fed a high fat diet with or without supplemental cholesterol for 4 weeks. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed the experimental diets containing 18%(w/w) beef tallow and three levels of calcium 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.5%. The contents of total lipid, cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid in blood, liver, small intestine, aorta, small intestinal contents and feces were determined. Only in rats fed the diets containing 1% cholesterol the concentration of cholesterol in aortic serum and various tissues significantly increased, and then decreased with increasing dietary calcium intake. Another observation was that high Ca intake significantly facilitated the fecal lipid and cholesterol excretion and bowel movement. These results suggest that possible hypocholesterolemic effects of dietary calcium could be related to the hypercholesterolemia and to the increase in excretion of fecal lipid and cholesterol.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.632-637
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of red pericarp glutinous rice rich in polyphenols (Jakwangchalbyeo, red rice) on serum and hepatic levels of cholesterol and hepatic protein expression linked to synthesis and degradation of cholesterol in a hypercholesterolemic mice diet as compared with brown rice. MATERIALS/METHODS: C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 5 each), which were fed different diets for a period of 12 weeks: American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93G diet, AIN-93G diet with 2% cholesterol, brown rice with 2% cholesterol, or red rice with 2% cholesterol. RESULT: Consumption of red rice resulted in a significant decrease in serum level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hepatic levels of triglyceride and total-cholesterol. Expression of acyl-coenzyme A cholesterol acyltransferase-2 (ACAT-2), sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2), and 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase was decreased, while expression of phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (p-AMPK)/AMPK ratio, cholesterol 7-${\alpha}$-hydroxylase (CYP7a1), and sterol 12-${\alpha}$-hydroxylase (CYP8b1) was increased in mice fed red rice. Brown rice had similar effects on cholesterol metabolism, but the effect of red rice was significantly greater than that of brown rice. CONCLUSIONS: The current study suggested that red rice had a hypocholesterolemic effect by lowering hepatic cholesterol synthesis through ACAT-2, HMG-CoA reductase, and SREBP-2, and by enhancing hepatic cholesterol degradation through CYP7a1 and CYP8b1 in mice fed a hypercholesterolemic diet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.267-278
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• 2005

Postmenopausal women or ovariectomized rats are associated with increased cholesterol levels, which are risk factors of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome after menopause might be associated with estradiol deficiency. Harmful effect of estradiol hampers the casual usage of hormone to prevent the metabolic syndrome. Soy protein has been reported to show several beneficial effects on health, however it is unclear which components of soy protein is responsible for anti-obesity and hypocholesterolemic effects. Soy isoflavones, gem-stein and daizein, are suggested to have anti-obesity and hypocholesterolemic effects but with inconsistency. The present study investigated the effect of supplementation of genistein (experiment I) and soy protein containing isoflavones (experiment II) to high fat diet on body weight gain, food intake, liver and fat tissue weight and the lipid levels in ovariectomized rats. Plasma and hepatic lipid contents and the mRNA levels of genes encoding lipid metabolism related proteins, such as CPT1 and HMGR were measured. Ovariectomy increased body weight, fat tissue weight and plasma and hepatic lipid levels which increase the risk of metabolic syndrome. Soy protein could improve plasma and hepatic lipids levels. Soy protein also increased hepatic CPT1 and HMGR mRNA levels. Plasma and hepatic lipids levels could not be decreased by dietary genistein alone. In contrast, lipids levels could be decreased by isoflavone-fortified soy protein, suggesting that the ingestion of soy protein enriched with isoflavone gives more benefit for protecting postmenopausal women from metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.430-434
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• 1989

Alfalfa saponin was isolated from the roots of alfalfa(Medicage sativa L.) and incoporated at the level of 0.2% and 0.4% cholesterol-free diets and cholesterol enriched-diets. Wistar male rats weighing approximately 80g were fed with for 21 days. The serum lipids and fecal excretion lipids of the rats were determined and the result obtained are as follows. 1. Alfalfa saponin contained 36.4% medicagenic acid. 2. The feeding of alfalfa saponin increased cholesterol excretion but not bile acid excretion. 3. Alfalfa saponin showed hypocholesterolemic activity at 0.4% level in both the diets with and without cholesterol but the effect was not observed at 0.2% level in a diet. 4. It was indicated that the hypocholesterolemic effect of alfalfa saponin was associated with the decreased absorption of cholesterol from alimentary canal.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.139-140
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• 2003

베타-사이클로덱스트린은 7개의 글루코스 단위가 $\alpha$-1,4 결합으로 연결된 환상고리형 올리고당으로서 전분을 효소처리하여 추출한 물질이다. 베타-사이클로덱스트린은 혈액내 지질 함량을 현저하게 떨어뜨릴 수 있는 hypolipdemic, hypotriacylglyceridemic 그리고 hypocholesterolemic 효과를 가지므로 비만을 예방하는데 도움이 될 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 베타-사이클로덱스트린을 이용하여 조제된 펠렛 형태의 식이가 비만인의 체중, 체지방, 복부비만 감소 및 혈액 지질함량 감소에 미치는 효과를 조사하는 것이었다. (중략)

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2001

This study was conducted to find out the effect of fermented milk on lowering of serum and liver cholesterol in high diet. Sprague-Dawley male rats of 200g initial average weight were assigned to four experimental group : (1) high fat diet + milk (2) high fat diet + bifidobacteria (3) high fat diet + microcapsulated bifidobacteria (4) high fat diet + fermented milk by bifidobacteria. Milk, bifidobacteria, microcapsulated bifidobacteria and fermented milk by bifidobacteria were given 2ml per day. According to the result, there was lowering effect of serum and liver total cholesterol in fermented milk feeding group, Serum LDL-cholesterol was also low tendency in fermented milk by bifidobacteria feeding group. Accordingly, it was confirmed that the material that caused hypocholesteremic effect was not the bifidobacteria itself in fermented milk but the metabolic material produced in the fermentation, and it inhibited cholesterol synthesis in liver.