• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.149-150
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• 2005

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.9-19
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• 2007

Objective : The study was done to investigate Scrophularia buergeriana Miquel's effects in the genomic level, by measuring gene expression in hyperthyroid induced rats using cDNA micro array. Methods : Spargue-Dawley rats were separated into three groups(each with 10 rats). Except normal group, the other two groups were treated with Sodium levothyroxine $160{\mu}g$/kg/days for 5 days by oral administration. After 2 hours of the last intake of Sodium levothyroxine on two experimental group, one group was treated Scrophularia buergeriana Miquel extract 1.0g/kg/days for 3 days. The other groups(normal group, administration group) was treated normal saline 1.0g/kg/days for 3 days. Gene expression of hyperthyroid rats were measured after medication of solid extract of Scrophularia buergeriana Miquel with cDNA microarray. Results : In thyroid tissue, the numbers of the genes showed over twice increase and decrease in the control group compared to the normal group were 296, in the Scrophularia buergeriana Miquel administration group compared to the normal group were 859 and in the hypothalamus, the numbers of the genes showed over twice increase and decrease in the control group compared to the normal group were 416, in the Scrophularia buergeriana Miquel administration group compared to the normal group were 391. Conclusion : According to the above results, it is suggested that Scrophulari buergeriana Miquel suppress hyperthyroidism effectively and regulate the gene expression in the thyroid and brain.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.151-154
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• 1987

Total 114 patients were studied prospectively with radioiodine uptake (RAIU) and $^{99m}TcO_4^-$ thyroid scan to design a very simple, rapid and inexpensive method measuring the thyroid uptake on thyroid scan. After the RAIU was obtained at 24 hours after P.O. of $^{131}I$, Thyroid scan was performed at 20 minutes after LV. of $^{99m}TcO_4^-$ and the bilateral salivary glands were included in the scan field. Pinhole collimated and computer assisted gamma camera was used. Three regions of interest were set on each salivary gland and on the thyroid by automatic edge detection method. Mean counts per pixel were calculated for each ROI and the salivary-thyroid ratio (STR) was defined as; $$STR(%)=\frac{Mean\;counts\;per\;pixel\;of\;salivary\;glands\;(KC)}{Mean\;counts\;per\;pixel\;of\;thyroid\;gland\;(KC)}\times100$$ 114 cases consisted of 41 normal, 55 hyperthyroid and 18 hypothyroid patients and correlation between the STR and the RAID were evaluated in total and each group. The STR and the RAID showed reverse linear regression in 114 cases (r= -0.8, P=0) and closer correlation was shown in hyperthyroid group (r= -0_9, p=0). Mean STR in normal group was 47.6%. In predicting the RAID by STR, sensitivity and specificity were 88.3% and 64.9% in 114 cases and 95.3% and 83.3% in hyperthyroid group. It is recommended that the STR be used in place of the RAID giving same information at saving time, money and radiation exposure.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.129-143
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• 2024

Sulfur dioxide (SO₂), a novel endogenous gas signaling molecule, is involved in the regulation of cardiac function. Exerting a key role in progression of hyperthyroidism-induced cardiomyopathy (HTC), myocardial fibrosis is mainly caused by myocardial apoptosis, leading to poor treatment outcomes and prognoses. This study aimed to investigate the effect of SO₂ on the hyperthyroidism-induced myocardial fibrosis and the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Elisa, Masson staining, Western-Blot, transmission electron microscope, and immunofluorescence were employed to evaluate the myocardial interstitial collagen deposition, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), apoptosis, changes in endogenous SO₂, and Hippo pathways from in vitro and in vivo experiments. The study results indicated that the hyperthyroidism-induced myocardial fibrosis was accompanied by decreased cardiac function, and down-regulated ERS, apoptosis, and endogenous SO₂-producing enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (AAT)1/2 in cardiac myocytes. In contrast, exogenous SO₂ donors improved cardiac function, reduced myocardial interstitial collagen deposition, up-regulated AAT1/2, antagonized ERS and apoptosis, and inhibited excessive activation of Hippo pathway in hyperthyroid rats. In conclusion, the results herein suggested that SO₂ inhibited the overactivation of the Hippo pathway, antagonized ERS and apoptosis, and alleviated myocardial fibrosis in hyperthyroid rats. Therefore, this study was expected to identify intervention targets and new strategies for prevention and treatment of HTC.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 1977

For the assessment of antithyroid effect of lithium carbonate, it was administered to the 17 hyperthyroid and 5 euthyroid patients, who visited the Seoul National University Hospital from Jan. to Aug., 1977. Thyroid function tests were performed just before the administration of Lithium carbonate, 2 weeks and 2 months after lithium treatment. The results were as follows; 1) In the 5 euthyroid patients, no significant changes in thyroid function tests were obtained before and after lithium treatment. 2) In the 17 hyperthyroid patients, the values of the $T_3RIA$ were $370{\pm}121ng/dl$ 2 weeks after lithium treatment as compared with $506{\pm}121ng/dl$ before the administration, of which the mean percentage fall was 26.9%. $T_3RU$ was varied from $56.8{\pm}8.0%\;to\;47.3{\pm}8.1%$ (16.7% in mean percentage fall), $T_4$ was changed from $24.2{\pm}2.4ug/dl\;to\;22.0{\pm}4.2ug/dl$ (9.1% in mean fall), and $T_7$, from $13.82{\pm}2.25\;to\;10.55{\pm}3.12$ (23.7% in mean fall). 3) In the 5 hyperthyroid patients, serial thyroid function tests were performed 2 weeks and 2 months later. The mean percentage falls of $T_3RIA$ were 36.6 and 61.3%, 2 weeks and 2 months after lithium treatment respectively. Those of $T_3RU$ were 17.5 and 35.1%, those of $T_4$ were 20.4 and 44.0%, $T_7$, 35.0 and 60.7%. 4) Approximately $45{\sim}60%$ of mean fall in thyroid function tests were obtained within the second week. Normal thyroid function tests were observed in 2 among 17 patients within the second week, and 2 among 5 patients within the second month. 18 patients, however, became clinically euthyroid within the 4th week. 5) Single case of hypothyroidism was experienced, and 5 patients (29.4%) complained mild side effects. Lithium salts could be safely administered to hyperthyroid patients who are allergic to thioamides or iodine. Its use is indicated in cases of acute thyrotoxicosis in which it's necessary to reduce hormone levels very rapidly, and lithium-thioamides drug combination is a highly effective and safe means of initial routine control of hyperthyroidism.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1998

We measured the flow at peripheral blood vessel of finger dorsum surface using noninvasive LDF(Laser Doppler Flowmeter). We investigated the flow properties between the normal and the diabetic with the Amplitude Spectral Densities of FFT analysis. We classified the diabetic as four groups of negative neuropathy, positive neuropathy, hyperthyroid and hypothyroid. And tested the neuropathic and thyroid effects of peripheral blood flow. As the results, the diabetic, the positive neuropathic and the hypothyroid respectively showed the abnormal blood flow properties on the contrary of the normal flow of negative neuropathic and hyperthyroid.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.56-58
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• 2001

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, which is one of the most aggressive tumors of the thyroid, has been seldomly reposted to have altered thyroid function. There have been few reports of patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer presenting in a hyperthyroid state. In the literatures, the mechanism of hyperthyroidism in anaplastic thyroid cancer is supposed that the rapid invasive growth of cancer seems to cause destruction of thyroid tissue and develops a hyperthyroid state, which is thought to be anlalogous to that of subacute thyroiditis and several types of metastatic cancer of the thyroid: rapid tissue necrosis with resultant release of thyroid hormone. Recently, we experienced a case of anaplastic thyroid cancer presenting with rapid growing mass and hyperthyroidism in a 67-year-old woman and report it with the review of the literatures.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 1967

The effects of X-ray irradiation and the thyroid gland on the erythropoietic system were studied in the white male rabbits. The total body irradiation was done in doses of 250 r and 500 r to each of 5 rabbits for 10days. The factors were 220KV, 10mA, FLI/4 Cu+1 mmAI(HVL:2.0 mm Cu) 50 cm F.S.D. The thyroid dysfunction was experimentally induced, by giving 2mg of thyroid tablets per kg body weight for 15 days in 5 rabbits for hyperthyroidism and by giving 1.5 mC of $^{131}I$ per kg body weight in another 5 rabbits for hypothyroidism. Fourteen healthy rabbits were used as control. The hematologic changes and ferrokinetic data obtained from $^{59}Fe$ and apparent half survival of the red blood cells obtained from $^{51}Cr$ were compared. Following were the results: A. X-ray irradiated group; 1. There were no significant changes in hematologic findings except for leucopenia. A slight decrease of red blood cells was observed in 500 r irradiated animals. 2. The decreases in the iron turnover rates of the plasma and red blood cells as well as in the red cell renewal rate were found in both groups. A :significant decrease of the red cell iron utilization rate was observed in the 500 r irradiated animals. 3. The apparent half survival times of the red blood cells were slightly, in the 250 r ($12.1{\pm}0.80$ days), and markedly shortened in the 500 r irradiated animals ($9.8{\pm}1.38$ days), the normal being $14.0{\pm}1.6$ days. 4. It appears, therefore, that the anemia caused by X-ray irradiation is due to the inhibition of hemopoietic function and the excess destruction of the red blood cells. B. Thyroid dysfunction group; 1. The slight increases of the red blood cell count and circulating blood volume with the normal serum iron level were observed in the hyperthyroid group, while the decreases of the red and white blood cell counts, hemoglobin and hematocrit values with a marked decrease of the serum iron level in the hypothyroid group. 2. A marked decrease of the plasma iron disappearance rate with increases of plasma iron turnover, red cell iron utilization and red cell iron turnover were observed in the hyperthyroid group, while the marked delay and decreases in the hypothyroid group. 3. The apparent half survival times of the red blood cells were almost the same with the control in the hyperthyroid group, ($14.0{\pm}1.58$ while a marked shortening in the hypothyroid group $10.6{\pm}0.30$. 4. It was reconfirmed that the thyroid hormones bear a close relationship with the erythropoietic system, namely, the latter is stimulated by the former. The lack of the thyroid hormones thus induces the bone marrow depression leading to anemia the major cause of which, therefore, is not hemolysis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.229-236
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• 1995

The effect of ${\alpha}_1$-adrenoceptor(${\alpha}_1$-AR) stimulation on intracellular pH($pH_i$), $Na^+$ activity($a_{Na}{^i}$) and contractility were investigated in isolated papillary muscles of euthyroid or hyperthyroid guinea pig with conventional microelectrode, $Na^+$ or $H^+$-selective microelectrodes, and tension transducer. Stimulation of the ${\alpha}_1$-AR by phenylephrine produced a decrease in $a_{Na}{^i}$ in euthyroid preparations. This decrease in $a_{Na}{^i}$ was abolished in presence of PKC activator, phorbol dibutyrate, and increased contrary to decrease. Phenylephrine also increased $a_{Na}{^i}$ in hyperthyroid ones. However, phenylrephtine produced an increase in $pH_i$ in both euthyroid and hyperthyroid ones. These changes were blocked by prazosin, an antagonist of ${\alpha}_1$-AR. These findings suggest that the changes in $a_{Na}{^i}$ and $pH_i$ are mediated by a stimulation of $Na^+-H^+$ exchange via ${\alpha}_1$-AR stimulation. This study focused on the increase in $a_{Na}{^i}$, $pH_i$ and contractility. The increase in $pH_i$ was blocked by amiloride or EIPA, $Na^+-H^+$ exchange inhibitors. Therefore, the increase in $a_{Na}{^i}$ and $pH_i$ mediated by ${\alpha}_1$-AR appeared to be due to an influx of $Na^+$ and a reduction of $H^+$ through $Na^+-H^+$ exchange. This study also revealed that the increase in $pH_i$ and $a_{Na}{^i}$ might be related to the sustained positive inotropic response. The $a_{Na}{^i}$ increase may contribute to the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ through the $Na^+-Ca^{2+}$ exchange, and the $pH_i$ increase could cause an increase in the $Ca^{2+}$ sensitivity of myofilaments and may augment the ${\alpha}_1$-AR-mediated positive inotropic response.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.101-109
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• 1991

To diagnosis and understand the pathophysiologic status of thyroid disease, not only hormonal measurments but also thyroid scan is believed to have a unique role. Especially in the cases of the change of the thyroid function by thyroiditis, it is emphasized that thyroid scan can be helpful in differential diagnosis. Discordant results of thyroid hormone levels and thyroid scan are found in transient hyperthyroidism, or in transient hypothyroidism. We analysed and reevaluated thyroid scan to look at the importance of thyroid scan. The results are summerised as folows: 1) 80% of hyperthyroid patients had hyperthyroidism increased RAIU with even density. they are compatible with Graves' disease. 2) 2.1% of hyperthyroid patients had normal or decreased RAIU, which are classfied as high iodine turn over genuine hyperthyroidism. 3) 8.5% of hyperthyroid patients had markedly decreased RAIU at both 2 hour and 24 hour, whose patholgic processes are suggested to be heterogenous namely subacute thyroiditis, postpartum thyroiditis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and painless thyroiditis. 4) 45% of hypothyroid patients had increased 24hr RAIU, 30% of hypothyroid patients were normal, 25%, decreased. In conclusion, thyroid scan should be reevaluated its useful role to asses the pathophysiologic status of thyroid disease. Especially in cases of transient thyrotoxicosis, thyroid scan is essential to diagnose and follow up the disease process.