• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality in pre-elderly and elderly individuals in Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: We employed a case-control study design, utilizing secondary data from the Epidemiology Surveillance, Immunization Prevention, and Disease Control Sections of the DKI Jakarta Provincial Health Office, collected from December 2020 to January 2021. The study included 188 cases and an equal number of controls. Cases were COVID-19 patients confirmed to have died, as reported by hospitals and communities and subsequently verified by healthcare workers. Control subjects were patients who completed a 14-day isolation period and had been officially declared recovered by healthcare professionals. The dependent variable was the mortality of COVID-19 patients in the January 2021 period. The independent variables consisted of demographic data (age and sex), clinical symptoms (cough, runny nose, anosmia, diarrhea, headaches, abdominal pain, muscle pain, and nausea/vomiting), and comorbidities (hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes). Multivariate analysis was conducted using multiple logistic regression. Results: The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed several factors associated with COVID-19 fatalities in Jakarta: age of 60 years or older (odds ratio [OR], 4.84; 95% CI, 3.00 to 7.80), male (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 2.41 to 3.68), dyspnea (OR, 3.93; 95% CI, 2.04 to 7.55), anosmia (OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.46), and heart disease (OR, 4.38; 95% CI, 1.04 to 18.46). Conclusions: The control and prevention of COVID-19 among elderly individuals require particular vigilance. When a COVID-19 case is detected within this demographic, prompt treatment and medication administration are crucial to mitigate the presenting symptoms.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2012

Objectives : Yukmijihwang-tang(Wan), a well-known formula for invigorating yin-particular kidney yin, was first recorded in "Xiao er Yao Zheng Zhi Jue", consisting of Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Fructus Macrocarpii, Rhizoma Dioscoreae Oppositae, Poria, Rhizoma Alismatis and Cortex Moutan Radicis with dose proportion of 8:4:4:3:3:3. Although clinical trials have been lacking, various pharmacological actions for Yukmijihwang-tang has been identified newly using animal models. In addition, it was reported that Yukmijihwang-tang increases structural chromosome aberrations significantly in Chinese hamster lung cells. In this article, it is purposed that new studies for pharmacology and toxicology of Yukmijihwang-tang are reviewed. Insight into new studies of Yukmijihwang-tang at the cellular and animal levels will enhance our understanding of Yukmijihwang-tang against various diseases will provide new tools to diagnose and treat patients. Methods : Recent researches for Yukmijihwang-tang were reviewed and summarized in terms of pharmacological action and toxicity. All sources for review were based on recent studies loaded on data base of web sites such as Science Direct and National Center for Biotechnology Information. Results and Conclusions : Recently, reports showed that YMJ had antiaging effects, antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities, anti-renal hypertension and prevented tumors, and diabetes mellitus. However, there is little information on its safety except general toxicity, acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity, or genotoxicity. In addition, clinical trial for Yukmijihwang-tang was limited even though Yukmijihwang-tang has been used extensively in Korean traditional medicine. Thus, further studies are necessary to focus on safety evaluation and clinical trial for Yukmijihwang-tang.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.439-443
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• 2013

Background: The surgically created arteriovenous fistula has recently been recommended as the best available angioaccess for hemodialysis. Therefore, in this study, we carried out a clinical analysis on surgical procedures in the ligation and division of a distal vein to achieve similar effects as those of vein end-to-arterial side after side-to-side anastomosis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 113 patients who came for an outpatient clinic follow-up to the department of internal medicine of our hospital; these patients were among the 125 patients who underwent radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (side-to-side anastomosis with distal vein ligation and division) in our hospital in the period from January 2006 to December 2010. Results: The patency rate showed no statistical significance with respect to sex (p=0.775), age (p=0.775), hypertension (p=0.262), diabetes (p=0.929), and cardio-neurovascular disease (p=0.717). Patency rates were 96% for the first month, 93% for the first year, and 90% for the second year for the radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (side-to-side anastomosis with distal vein ligation and division) performed on the wrist. Conclusion: The patency rates revealed favorable results and few postoperative complications as compared to those of previous reports. Therefore, radiocephalic fistula using side-to-side anastomosis with distal cephalic vein ligation is considered a recommendable surgical procedure in the distal part for the hemodialysis of CRF patients.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2003

Background and Purposes : Smoking is a well-known risk factor for ischemic stroke. It may contribute to s1Toke by inducing the aggregation of platelets and formation of atheroma, reducing cerebral blood flow, and increasing fibrinogen. However, the relative risk varies according to different ethnicity and area. Therefore, we performed this study to assess the risk of smoking for ischemic s1Toke in Korea. Methods : Cigarette smoking habit was studied in 308 patients with ischemic s1Toke and in 348 age- and sex-matched control subjects who had no history of stroke using case control methods. In multiple logistic regression analysis, smoking had a significant value of odds ratio adjusted for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. Results : The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95％ confidence interval (CI) was significant in the medium smokers (AOR, 1.92; 95％ CI, 1.11 to 3.33: p< 0.05) and heavy smokers (AOR, 2.80; 95％ CI, 1.64 to 4.78: p< 0.05). Furthermore, the OR was higher in hypertensive subjects than in normotensive subjects compared to non-smokers (AOR, 1.98; 95％ CI, 1.01 to 3.85: p< 0.05). Conclusions : Our findings suggest that smoking is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke in Korea.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.266-272
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• 2006

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is one of the most common disorders by under pressure of the median nerve at the wrist in these days. However, pathological mechanism of CTS is unknown. We carried out this study to identify the changes of gene expression and to evaluate possible mechanism in CTS. 120 CTS patients and 30 control patients were included in this study. Patients with a history of diabetes, hypertension, thyroid diseases, and arthritis were excluded. CTS patients were divided to three experimental groups-Mild, Moderate, and Severe group-according to elecrodiagnosis. Radioactive cDNA microarrays (Nylon membrane including 1,152 genes) were used to examine the difference of gene expression profile in CTS. We identified up-regulated genes by more than 2.0 value of z-ratio, and down-regulated genes by less than-2.0 value of z-ratio. 20 genes such as the ITGAL, ITGAM, PECAM1, VIL2, TGFBR2, RAB7, RNF5 and NFKB1 were up-regulated, and 28 genes such as PRG5, CASP8, CDH1, IGFBP5, CBX3, HREV107, PIN, and WINT2 were down-regulated. These genes were related with TGF beta signaling pathway, NF-Kb signaling pathway, antiapoptotic pathway and T cell receptor signaling pathway. However, there were no differences in gene expression profiles according to severities of symptoms. We suggest that CTS could be related with proinflammatory mechanism and antiapoptotic mechanism.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.3991-3995
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• 2015

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in Iranian women and fifth in men. The aims of this study were to investigate the relation of dietary factors and public health indicators to its development. Materials and Methods: The required information (2001-2006) about risk factors was obtained from the Non-Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre (NCDSC) of Iran. Risk factor data (RFD) from 89,404 individuals (15-64 years old) were gathered by questionnaire and laboratory examinations through a cross sectional study in all provinces by systematic clustering sampling method. CRC incidence segregated by age and gender was obtained from Cancer Registry Ministry of Health (CRMH) of Iran. First, correlation coefficients were used for data analysis and then multiple regression analysis was performed to control for confounding factors. Results: Colorectal cancer incidence showed a positive relationship with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, lacking or low physical activity, high education, high intake of dairy products, and non-consumption of vegetables and fruits. Conclusions: We concluded that many dietary factors and public health indicators have positive relationships with CRC and might therefore be targets of preliminary prevention. However, since this is an ecological study limited by potential ecological fallacy the results must be interpreted with caution.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2015

Objectives: The contribution of health behavior is high in the mortality variation. Mortality variation can be decreased through the policies and programs for improving health behavior. We investigated that health behaviors effected with standardized mortality in community. Methods: We examined the distribution of health determinant factors and correlation analyzed between factors and performed multiple linear regression. Data were collected from 2012 Community Health Survey in 253 communities, annual regional statistics, and statistics from Statistics Korea. Results: This study defined that the variation of standardized mortality and there are exist inequality level of health determinant factors in 253 communities. This study showed that the higher standardized mortality explained through health behavior factors of the current smoking rate, walking exercise rate and diagnosis of hypertension or diabetes rate after adjusted other factors(adjusted $R^2=0.709$, p<0.001). Conclusions: Smoking, walking exercise and diagnosis chronic disease affecting on the regional variation of standardized mortality. These factors can be improved by the local residents themselves.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.401-414
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the utilization of health care service and to provide supportive data for health care policy making in one urban area in Korea. Method: This study tested the significance of public health service using the database of an university hospital and public health center from Feb. 2000 to Dec. 2004. Data were analyzed by multidimensional analysis and data mining technique and produced the information on the classification of utilization characteristics by main disease and the total cost of use and disease association with the users of the public health center. Results: The Results were as follows: 1) Top 10 diseases in the area accounted for 22.4% of total frequency for the most recent 5 years in university hospital, while 59.0% in public health center. 2) There were significant correlations between university hospital and public health center user's insurance type and place of residence: It showed higher use of public health center for free service beneficiaries residing in Seoul than residents in nearby or local area. The medical insurance types for hospital users were more various than those for public health center users. 3) The use of hospital for patients of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia was tended to concentrate in mostly autumn and winter since August 2000, while the cost of using public health center for those patients has been steadily reduced since July 2000. 4) As a result of cluster analysis, there were classified into three homogeneous groups according to the total cost of using public health service, age, and the frequency of use. 5) The association analysis on patients with chronic disease in public health center produced a detailed information on accompanying diseases related to the incidence rate of disease of high frequency due to aging, information on drug abuse and immune disease. Conclusion: The health care policy for local community should be evaluated continuously. And the policy to build an integrated data warehousing by public health indicator system and to enhance the faithfulness of data is required.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.611-625
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate dietary behaviors and health-related lifestyles of adult visitors at a public health center in Gyeonggi urban area. A survey using questionnaire was conducted with 949 visitors at Seongnam public health centers from June to August, 2012. The data from 905 respondents were analyzed by gender, consisting of 322 males and 583 females, and age group, consisting of 243 low-age group (LA), 312 middle-age group (MA), 350 high-age group (HA), aged 20 to 30 years, 31 to 50 years, and 51 to 69 years, respectively. Average Body Mass Index was 23.0, which increased with age, and education level was high in LA. 59.0 percent of the subjects had various diseases, and the incidence of hypertension was the highest, followed by allergy, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, joint rheumatism. Incidence rates of chronic disease increased with age, which were lower than those from 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Weekly drinking frequency rate and smoking rate decreased with age, and exercise performing rate was high at male and HA, which showed the same tendency as KNHANES. Female and HA showed more healthy dietary behaviors such as restricting salt, sugar, oily foods, foods containing food additives, calorie, caring for balanced diet, and referring to nutrition label. Subjects chose stress as the first factor, followed by diet, exercise, etc., among 13 suggested factors which strongly influence on human's life-span. In general, public health center visitors, especially female and HA, showed better dietary behaviors and health-related lifestyles compared with KNHANES.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2004

Object : This is a study of acute stage stroke patients designed for comparison of combined Eastern and Western medical treatments and Oriental treatments alone. Methods : 51 patients were diagnosed by Brain-CT and Brain-MRI scan as having suffered stroke. They had entered Dong-eui hospital within seven days of attack, and remained over seven days, all between November 2002 and August 2003. Patients were divided into two groups: a group treated with both Eastern and Western medical treatments, and a group treated only with Oriental medical treatments (but examinations were done and medications were given in hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus and so on). Results : The Eastern-Western medical treatment group showed significant changes in NIHSS. A rate of improvement figure of 24.94% was obtained for the Eastern-Western medical treatment group, and for the Oriental medical group a figure of 7.84% was obtained. Conclusion : The East-West medical treatment group had significant rate of development that measure for NIHSS by treated comparatively dependent patients. And oriental medical treatment group had significant rate of development that measure for NIHSS by treated comparatively independent patients. The NIHSS measure for the Eastern-Western medical treatment group shows a significant rate of improvement for relatively dependent patients, and the NIHSS measure for the Oriental medical treatment group shows a significant rate of development for relatively independent patients.