• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2019

In this study, cobalt diselenide ($CoSe_2$) and the composites ($CoSe_2@RGO$) of $CoSe_2$ and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal reaction using cobalt ions and selenide source with or without graphene oxide (GO). The formation of $CoSe_2@RGO$ composites was identified by analysis with X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical analyses demonstrated that the $CoSe_2@RGO$ composites have excellent catalytic activity for the reduction of $I_3{^-}$, possibly indicating a synergetic effect of $CoSe_2$ and RGO. As a consequence, the $CoSe_2@RGO$ composites were applied as a counter electrode in DSSC for the reduction of redox couple electrolyte, and exhibiting the comparable power conversion efficiency (7.01%) to the rare metal platinum (Pt) based photovoltaic device (6.77%).

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.771-782
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• 1989

Synthesis of $\beta$-Sialon powder was attempted with carbothermal reduction of porous glass. The porous glass was prepared by heat and hydrothermal treatments of 9.32 Li2O.46.5B2O3.37.2SiO2.6.98Al2O3 glass. Carbon pyrolyzed from propane gas was deposited on the porous glass, thereafter activated carbon was added as reducing agents. The synthesized $\beta$-Sialon powder was pressureless sintered at 175$0^{\circ}C$ for 1hr in N2 atmosphere. The characterization of the $\beta$-Sialon powder was performed with XRD, BET, SEM and particle size analysis. The sinterability and mechanical properties of the sintered bodies were investigated in terms of bulk density, M.O.R., fracture toughness, morphology of microstructure and etc. The reduction effect of deposited carbon was better than that of activated carbon mechanically added. The formation of SiC was precominant over that of Si2ON2 and $\beta$-Sialon owing to low partial pressure of N2 inside the pore, wehreas on the surface of porous glass the formation of Si2ON2 and $\beta$-Sialon were predominant. Thereafter, SiC reduced unreacted glass to be $\beta$-Sialon. Single phase of $\beta$-Sialon(Z=1.92) was obtained from PGA porous glass having the largest pore radius by the simultaneous reduction and nitridation method at 145$0^{\circ}C$ for 5hrs. The bulk density, M.O.R., and KIC of the sitered body are 3.17g/cc, 434.4MPa and 4.1MPa.m1/2, respectively.

• 센서학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.397-401
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• 2014

This paper describes the fabrication and characteristics of $C_2H_2$ gas sensor based on Ag-doped hierarchical ZnO nanostructures. In this work, a pure hierarchical ZnO structure was prepared using a simple hydrothermal method, and Ag nanoparticles doped the hierarchical ZnO structure were uniformly synthesized through photochemical route. The synthesized samples were characterized by SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD and PL spectra. Average size of prepared ZnO structures was around $2{\sim}3{\mu}m$ and showed highly uniform. The average size of Ag nanoparticles was 70 nm. The gas sensing properties of as-prepared products were investigated using resistivity-type gas sensors. 5 at% Ag-doped ZnO based sensors exhibited good performances for $C_2H_2$ gas in comparison with the un-doped one. The sensor based on Ag-doped hierarchical ZnO structures had linear response property from 5~1000 ppm of $C_2H_2$ concentration at working temperature of $200^{\circ}C$. The response values with 100 ppm $C_2H_2$ at $200^{\circ}C$ were 10% and 75% for pure and 5 at% Ag-doped hierarchical ZnO nanostructures, respectively. Moreover, the device showed excellent selectivity towards to $C_2H_2$ gas at optimal working temperature of $200^{\circ}C$.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2015

Currently water supply system with water storage is generally applied except for small building such as single-family houses, and water supply system on replacing water storage installed system by direct connecting system has been increasing because of sanitary and energy-saving aspects. The purpose of this study is to evaluate energy-saving and environmental efficiency of direct connecting booster pump system in comparison with the water storage installed system. The architectural condition of the evaluation subject is ten-story apartment house in which sixty households live. To calculate the power consumption of the pump, the volume of water supply was determined from existing data and other data, such as head, efficiency of the pump, was the value used for general application in design office. The power consumption of the water supply pump for one day was 8.5 kWh for direct connecting booster pump system, and 22.5 kWh for water storage installed system, and the former system showed energy savings of 62% compared to the latter system. Reduced power consumption also leads to reduction of $CO_2$ emission. According to the criteria presented in the Korea Energy Management Corporation, reducing the 2,410 kg $CO_2$ emission is possible per year.

• 센서학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2015

In this work, pure hierarchical ZnO structure was prepared using a simple hydrothermal method, and Ag nanoparticles doped hierarchical ZnO structure was synthesized uniformly through photochemical route. The reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has been synthesized by typical Hummer's method and reduced by hydrazine. Prepared Ag/ZnO nanostructures are uniformly dispersed on the surface of rGO sheets using ultrasonication process. The synthesized samples were characterized by SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD and PL spectra. The average size of prepared ZnO microspheres was around $2{\sim}3{\mu}m$ and showed highly uniform. The average size of doped-Ag nanoparticles was 50 nm and decorated into ZnO/rGO network. The $C_2H_2$ gas sensing properties of as-prepared products were investigated using resistivity-type gas sensor. Ag/ZnO-rGO based sensors exhibited good performances for $C_2H_2$ gas in comparison with the Ag/ZnO. The $C_2H_2$ sensor based on Ag/ZnO-rGO had linear response property from 3~1000 ppm of $C_2H_2$ concentration at working temperature of $200^{\circ}C$. The response values with 100 ppm $C_2H_2$ at $200^{\circ}C$ were 22% and 78% for Ag/ZnO and Ag/ZnO-rGO, respectively. In additions, the sensor still shows high sensitivity and quick response/recovery to $C_2H_2$ under high relative humidity conditions. Moreover, the device shows excellent selectivity towards to $C_2H_2$ gas at optimal working temperature of $200^{\circ}C$.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.249-252
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• 2012

Fe doped $TiO_2$ nanoparticles were prepared under high temperature and pressure conditions by mixture of metal nitrate solution and $TiO_2$ sol. Fe doped $TiO_2$ particles were reacted in the temperature range of 170 to $200^{\circ}C$ for 6 h. The microstructure and phase of the synthesized Fe doped $TiO_2$ nanoparticles were studied by SEM (FE-SEM), TEM, and XRD. Thermal properties of the synthesized Fe doped $TiO_2$ nanoparticles were studied by TG-DTA analysis. TEM and X-ray diffraction pattern shows that the synthesized Fe doped $TiO_2$ nanoparticles were crystalline. The average size and distribution of the synthesized Fe doped $TiO_2$ nanoparticles were about 10 nm and narrow, respectively. The average size of the synthesized Fe doped $TiO_2$ nanoparticles increased as the reaction temperature increased. The overall reduction in weight of Fe doped $TiO_2$ nanoparticles was about 16% up to ${\sim}700^{\circ}C$; water of crystallization was dehydrated at $271^{\circ}C$. The transition of Fe doped $TiO_2$ nanoparticle phase from anatase to rutile occurred at almost $561^{\circ}C$. The amount of rutile phase of the synthesized Fe doped $TiO_2$ nanoparticles increased with decreasing Fe concentration. The effects of synthesis parameters, such as the concentration of the starting solution and the reaction temperature, are discussed.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.551-558
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• 2008

수왕광상은 중생대 백악기 중기의 반상화강암이나 선캄브리아기의 소백산 편마암 복합체에 발달한 열극을 충진한 석영맥에서 산출된다. 광물 공생군에 대한 연구 결과 광화작용은 4차례에 걸쳐 일어났다. 섬아연석은 광화작용이 진행되는 동안 광화 I, II, III기에 각각 정출하였다. 현미경 관찰과 전자현미분석 결과 섬아연석에서 나타나는 황동석 점적과 황동석 병변은 광화 III기 초에 열수용액의 교대작용에 의하여 생성되었을 것으로 생각된다. 황동석 병변의 생성과정은 아래와 같다. (1) Fe가 풍부한 용액이 Fe가 결핍된 섬아연석의 가장자리나 틈을 통해 Fe부화 (2)광화 II기에 Fe가 결핍된 섬아연석에 황동석 점적을 형성하고 Cu를 함유한 용액에 의해 황동석 점적 주변의 섬아연석에 Fe 감소 (3)광화 III기 초에 황동석 병변을 형성하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.545-552
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• 2022

Tin-antimony sulfide nanocomposites were prepared via hydrothermal synthesis and a N₂ reduction process for use as a negative electrode in a sodium ion battery. The electrochemical energy storage performance of the battery was analyzed according to the tin-antimony composition. The optimized sulfides exhibited superior charge/discharge capacity (770 mAh g^-1 at a current density of 100 mA g^-1) and stable lifespan characteristics (71.2 % after 200 cycles at a current density of 500 mA g^-1). It exhibited a reversible characteristic, continuously participating in the charge-discharge process. The improved electrochemical energy storage performance and cycle stability was attributed to the small particle size, by controlling the composition of the tin-antimony sulfide. By optimizing the tin-antimony ratio during the synthesis process, it did not deviate from the solubility limit. Graphene oxide also acts to suppress volume expansion during reversible electrochemical reaction. Based on these results, tin-antimony sulfide is considered a promising anode material for a sodium ion battery used as a medium-to-large energy storage source.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.1168-1177
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• 2000

Hydrocarbon adsorber is considered as a promising technology to reduce cold start HCs in automotive exhaust gas. In this study, three in-line adsorber systems were tried to reduce the cold start emission. To check the basic characteristics of adsorber converters, surface areas, TPD and TP A were examined after a hydrothermal aging. Also idle engine bench was used to find the adsorption and desorption capabilities of the adsorber systems at cold start. Finally a practicability of the adsorber systems for the LEV achievement was checked with FTP test on a 2.0 D MIT vehicle. The results of this study indicate that hydrocarbon adsorber system is one of the promising passive technologies to meet the ULEV regulation.

• 지질공학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.175-188
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• 1998

선형계곡을 따라 발달하는 동래 단층대의 단층비지를 조사 연구하였다. 이 단층대는 내적으로 대상구조를 가지며 다중 단층핵의 형태로 산출된다. 단층핵은 비지대와 파쇄대로 구분되며 단층대의 최외곽부인 손상대에 의해 둘러싸인다. 변형작용과 변질작용의 강도는 모암으로부터 손상대 $\rightarrow}$ 파쇄대$\rightarrow}$ 비지대를 향해 증가한다. 비지대를 형성한 변형작용은 초기엔 취성변형작용의 파쇄작용(catalasis)이 주도적이었고, 단층슬립의 최대의 국지화 지역인 파쇄물질의 고변형지역(비지대)에서는 연속적인 취성단열작용의 파쇄유동으로 나아갔을 것으로 생각된다. 단층비지대의 분쇄물질의 높은 공극 및 투수성은 지하로부터 열수유체의 유입을 가능케하여 활발한 열수 변질작용이 일어남에 따라 변형작용 기구는 취성파괴로부터 유체도움 유동으로 일대변화를 겪게 되었다. 열수 유체에 의한 일라이트, 스멕타이트 등의 점토광물 생성과 철광물 및 기타원소의 침전은 단층비지대에 높은 유압을 발생시켜 단열작용과 변질작용을 반복적으로 발생시킬수 있다. 일라이트의 다형은 대부분 1Md형으로 구성된다. 암석이 분쇄되고 나서 변질작용으로 점토광물이 생성될 때까지의 시간은 매우 짧은 것으로 알려져 있다. K-Ar 연령 측정자료에 의할때 열수변질을 수반한 동래단층의 주요 단층활동 시기는 51.4~57.5Ma와 40.3~43.6Ma의 두 시기로 구분될 수 있으나 시.공간적 단층활동 형태를 구명하기 위해서는 더 많은 자료가 필요하다. 그리고 비지대 점토광물의 생성온도환경으로 판단할 때 고기운동의 열수변질이 신기운동에 비해 보다 고온에서 일어난 것으로 추정된다.