• 공업화학
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.404-409
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• 2017

천연고분자 키토산은 생체적합하고 생분해성의 특성뿐만 아니라 항암, 항균, 콜레스테롤 저하 등의 다양한 생체활성을 갖고 있어 의료용 분야에서 많이 응용되고 있다. 현재 키토산을 약물전달시스템에 응용한 다양한 약물이 담지 된 키토산 나노입자를 개발하여 질병을 치료할 수 있는 연구가 활발히 진행 중에 있다. 키토산에 존재하는 free 아민($-NH_2$) 그룹은 다양한 소수성기를 물리적 화학적 개질을 통해 결합이 가능하며 소수성기가 도입된 키토산은 물에 분산시 자기회합에 의한 shell-core 나노입자를 형성하고 core 부분에 다양한 난용성 약물을 담지하여 물에 대한 용해도를 증가시킬 수 있으며, 단백질, 항암제, 백신 등의 다양한 약물을 담지하여 기존 약물의 부작용을 최소화하여 치료효과를 극대화할 수 있다. 또한, 키토산에 도입된 소수성기에 따라 입자의 크기 및 방출 속도를 제어할 수 있어 다양한 의료용 분야에 응용이 가능하다. 본 총설에서는 다양한 소수성기가 도입된 키토산 나노입자의 제조 및 특성과 특성에 따른 약물전달시스템의 응용성에 관하여 논의 하고자 한다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.357-364
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• 2021

In this study, DLC films deposited by PECVD were evaluated to the properties of super-hydrophobic by CF₄ treatment. The structure of DLC films were confirmed by Raman Spectra whether or not mixed sp³ (like diamond) peak and sp² (like graphite) peak. And the hydrogen contents in the DLC films (F-DLC) were measured by RBS analysis. In addition, DLC films were analyzed by scratch test for adhesion, nano-indentation for hardness and tribo-meter of Ball-on-disc type for friction coefficient. In the result of analysis, DLC films had traditional structure regardless of variation of hardness at constant conditions. Also adhesion of DLC film was increased as higher material hardness. Otherwise, friction coefficient was increased as lower material hardness. The DLC films were treated by CF₄ plasma treatment to enhance the properties of super-hydrophobic. And the DLC films were measured by ESEM(Enviromental Scanning Electron Microscope) for water condensation.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.161-168
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• 1970

In order to obtain the more effective evidence, supporting the hypothesis which have been previously described by former report that pepsin (EC 3.4. 4.1) forms a hydrophobic bond with the nonpolar side chain of its substrate, the inhibitory effect of carboxylic acids(from formic acid to iso-butyric acid) on the activity of pepsin to the synthetic dipeptide, N-Carbobenzoxy-L-glutamyl-L-tyrosine, was discussed. The kinetic study showed that the inhibition by carboxylic acids was competitive. The Kidecreased with increasing size of the inhibitor molecule. The $-{\Delta}F^{\circ}$increased linearly with increasing number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain of the inhibitor. It was confirmed that the hydrophobic bond between more than one side chain of amino acid residues(phenylalanine) in the binding region of the active center of pepsin and the side chain of amino acid residues in the substrate was formed as the first step of its enzymic mechanism. The inhibitory effect of carboxylic acids was due to the competition of the hydrocarbon group of the carboxylic acids with the side chain of the substrate for the hydrophobic binding site(the side chain of phenylalanine) of the pepsin.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2005

Binding of N-Alkyl phenothiazines (NAP) to bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by spectroscopic methods.It was found that the phenothiazine ring common to all drugs makes major contribution to interaction. However, the nature of alkylamino group at position 10 influences the protein binding significantly. Stern-Volmer plots indicated the presence of static component in the quenching mechanism. The high magnitude of rate constant of quenching indicated that the process of energy transfer occurs by intermolecular interaction and thus the drug-binding site is in close proximity to tryptophan residues of BSA. Binding studies in presence of hydrophobic probe, 8-anilino-1-naphthalein-sulphonic acid showed that there is hydrophobic interaction between drug and the probe and they do not share common sites in BSA. Thermodynamic parameters obtained from data at different temperatures showed that the binding of NAP to BSA predominantly involve hydrophobic forces. The effects of some cations and anions common ions were investigated on NAP-BSA interactions. The CD spectrum of BSA in presence of drug showedthat binding of drug leads to change in the helicity of the protein.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제45회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.257-257
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• 2013

In order to selectively remove oil and organic compound from water, silica nanoparticles with hydrophobic coating was used. Since silica nanoparticles are generally hydrophilic, removal efficiency of oil and organic compound, such as toluene, in water can be decreased due to competitive adsorption with water. In order to increase the removal efficiency of oil and toluene, hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was coated on silica nanoparticles in the form of thin film. Hydrophobic property of the PDMS-coated silica nanoparticles and hydrophilic silica nanoparticles were easily confirmed by putting it in the water, hydrophilic particle sinks but hydrophobic particle floats. PDMS coated silica nanoparticles were dispersed on a slide glass with epoxy glue on and the water contact angle on the surface was determined to be over $150^{\circ}$, which is called superhydrophobic. FT-IR spectroscopy was used to check the functional group on silica nanoparticle surface before and after PDMS coating. Then, PDMS coated silica nanoparticles were used to selectively remove oil and toluene from water, respectively. It was demonstrated that PDMS coated nanoaprticles selectively aggregates with oil and toluene in the water and floats in the form of gel and this gel remained floating over 7 days. Furthermore, column filled with hydrophobic PDMS coated silica nanoparticles and hydrophilic porous silica was prepared and tested for simultaneous removal of water-soluble and organic pollutant from water. PDMS coated silica nanoparticles have strong resistibility for water and has affinity for oil and organic compound removal. Therefore PDMS-coated silica nanoparticles can be applied in separating oil or organic solvents from water.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.545-551
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• 2010

Hydrophobically monoendcapped poly(sodium acrylate)s formed hydrophobic microdomains in water. This was concluded on poly(sodium acrylate)s with a linear $C_{12}$-alkyl chain attached specifically at the end of the polymer. There was no well defined CMC (critical micelle concentration), but rather a gradual transition from a micelle free solution to a micelle solution. Steady state fluorescence spectroscopy indicates that the micro domains are rather hydrophobic. At pH 5 in the abscence of salt and at pH 9 in the prescence of 1 M sodium citrate the CAC (critical aggregation concentration) was in the range of 0.1 to 2.4 mM. However at pH 5 there was a linear increase in the transition concentration with a head-group size due to an increase in steric and electrostatic repulsions between polymer main chains. At pH 9 in the abscence of salt the transition concentration was in the range of 1 to 80 mM. For the larger polymers there was a effect which consisted of a concentration gradient of sodium counterion toward the hydrophobic domain. The effect was larger for the larger polymers because of the higher total sodium concentration and the less steep counterion concentration gradient.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.222-229
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• 2021

Icing causes various serious problems, where water vapor or water droplets adhere at cold conditions. Therefore, understanding of ice adhesion on solid surface and technology to reduce de-icing force are essential for surface finishing of metallic materials used in extreme environments and aircrafts. In this study, we controlled wettability of aluminum alloy using anodic oxidation, hydrophobic coating and lubricant-impregnation. In addition, surface porosity of anodized oxide layer was controlled to realize superhydrophilicity and superhydrophobicity. Then, de-icing force on these surfaces with a wide range of wettability and mobility of water was measured. The results show that the enhanced wettability of hydrophilic surface causes strong adhesion of ice. The hydrophobic coating on the nanoporous anodic oxide layer reduces the adhesion of ice, but the volume expansion of water during the freezing diminishes the effect. The lubricant-impregnated surface shows an extremely low adhesion of ice, since the lubricant inhibits the direct contact between ice and solid surface.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.569-575
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• 1998

Investigation of the structure of the gangliosides has proven to be very important in the understanding of their biological roles. We have determined the tertiary structure of asialoganglioside GM1 $(GA_1)$ using NMR spectroscopy and distance geometry calculations. All of the structures are very similar except the glycosidic torsion angles in the ring IV and ring III linkages. There are two low-energy structures for GA1, G1 and G2. G1 differs from G2 only in the IV-III glycosidic linkages and the orientation of acetamido group in ring III. There is a stable intramolecular hydrogen bond between the third hydroxyl group in ring I and the ring oxygen atom in ring II. Also, there may be a weak hydrogen bond between the second hydroxyl group in ring IV and the acetamido group in ring III. Small coupling constants of $^3J_{IH3,IOH3}\; and\; ^3J_{IVH2,IVOH2}$ support this result. Overall structural features of $(GA_1)$ are very similar to those of $(GM_1)$. It implicates that specificities of the sugar moieties in GM1 are caused not by their tertiary foldings, but mainly by the electrostatic interactions between the polar sialic acid and its receptors. Since it is evident that $(GA_1)$ is more hydrophobic than $(GA_1)$, a receptor with a hydrophobic binding site can recognize the $(GA_1)$ better than $(GA_1)$. Studies on the conformational properties of $(GA_1)$ may lead to a better understanding of the molecular basis of its functions.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.232-238
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• 2007

The p13 gene is uniquely present in Group II nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) and some granuloviruses, but not in Group I NPVs. p13 gene was first described by our laboratory in Leucania separatamultiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Ls-p13) in 1995. However, the functions of Ls-P13 and of its homologues are unknown. When Ls-p13 was inserted into Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus, a Group I NPV, polyhedra yield was inhibited. However, this inhibition was prevented when the leucine zipper-like domain of Ls-p13 was mutated. To determine the cause of this marked difference between Ls-P13 and leucine zipper mutated Ls-P13 (Ls-P13mL), oligomerization and secondary structure analyses were performed. High performance liquid chromatography and yeast two-hybrid assays indicated that neither Ls-P13 nor Ls-P13mL could form oligomers. Informatics and circular dichroism spectropolarimetry results further indicated marked secondary structural differences between Ls-P13 and Ls-P13mL. The LZLD of Ls-P13 has two extended heptad repeat units which form a hydrophobic surface, but it is short of a third hydrophobic heptad repeat unit for oligomerization. However, the mutated LZLD of Ls-P13mL lacks the above hydrophobic surface, and its secondary structure is markedly different. This difference in its secondary structure may explain why Ls-P13mL is unable to inhibit polyhedra yield.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.17-24
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• 1999

토양오염 디이젤 제거에 대한 토양 세척기술의 적용을 위해 디이젤 제거효과가 좋은 비이온 계면활성제를 선택하기 위한 조건 중 소수성 사슬구조의 영향을 고찰하였다. 비이온 계면활성제는 CMC값이 낮고, 생분해성이 좋으며, 유기 오염물질에 대한 용해 능력이 커서 디이젤과 같은 NAPL류 제거에 효과적으로 사용될 수 있다. 비이온계 계면활성제 구조 내 소수성 탄화수소 사슬의 길이와 불포화결합의 존재는 흡착과 디이젤 제거에 영향을 미치며, 비이온계 계면활성제의 kaolin토양흡착과 디이젤 제거는 서로 밀접한 관계를 가지고 있다. 친수성기의 구조가 서로 동일한 계면활성제 중에서 소수성 탄화수소 사슬길이가 12개로 비교적 짧고 HLB값이 클 때 상대적으로 낮은 흡착평형농도와 높은 디이젤 제거효율을 나타냈다. 소수성 사슬 내에 불포화 탄화수소가 존재할 때 낮은 흡착평형농도와 높은 디이젤 제거 효율을 나타냈다. 농도에 따른 제거경향은 흡착이 평형에 도달한 후에 최대의 제거 효율을 나타냈으며 그 이상의 농도에서는 오히려 제거효율이 감소하는 현상이 나타났다.