• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 1994

On the basis of the principle of Bratch's electronegativity equalization, we calculated group partial charges and group electronegativities for nonionic surfactants with Pauling's elecoonegativity parameters by using numerical calculation method. From calculated outputs we have investigated structural stability of micelle, characteristics of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups, and relation between CMC(Critical Micelle Concentraion) and group partial charge and group electronegativity of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups for nonionic surfactants. We have known that CMC by micelle formation depends upon group partial charge and group electronegativity of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups for surfactants. Also, the structural stability of micelle in H2O solution is related to the electric double layer by the hydrophilic group of nonionic surfactants with H atoms in water CMC is diminished by the decrease of repeating units in hydrophilic group at constant hydrophobic group and is diminished by the increments of alkyl chains in hydrophobic group at constant hydrophilic group for nonionic surfactants. In conclusion, CMC is diminished because there is no electrostatic repulsion and is diminished of Debye length by the increments of partial charge of hydrophobic group.

• 공업화학
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.914-919
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 Bratsch의 전기음성도 동등화 원리를 바탕으로 Pauling의 전기음성도 파라미터를 이용하여 음이온과 비이온 계면활성제의 전기음성도 동등화 및 그룹 전기음성도와 그룹 부분전하를 계산하여 계면활성제의 친수성기와 소수성기의 그룹 부분전하, 전기음성도와 CMC에 대한 특성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 계면활성제의 CMC는 친수성기와 소수성기의 그룹 부분전하와 그룹 전기음성도에 의존한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 음이온 계면활성제인 경우 소수성기의 탄소수가 증가함에 따라 소수성기에도 음의 부분전하가 비편재화되어 전기음성도가 매우 큰 친수성 그룹의 음의 부분전하가 감소하여 친수성기간의 반발력이 상대적으로 줄어들기 때문에 CMC가 낮아짐을 알수 있다. 비이온 계면활성제의 경우에 소수성기의 탄소수가 증가하면 소수성기에서의 부분전하가 증가하게되며, 전기음성도의 증가가 친수성기의 전기음성도를 감소시켜 CMC가 낮아짐을 알수 있다. 그러나 친수성기의 반복단위가 증가하면 친수성기의 음의 부분전하가 증가하게 되고 따라서 수화능이 증가하기 때문에 계면활성제는 미셀로 존재하기 보다는 물속에 수화되기 때문에 CMC는 증가하게 된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.403-408
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• 2000

On the basis of theory of Bratsch's electronegativity equalization the electronegativity equalization the group electronegativities and the group partial charges for cationic and amphoteric surface and amphoteric surfactants could be calculated using Pauling's electronegativity parameters. From calculated output we have investigated relationships between CMC(critical micelle concentration) and partial charge and group electronegativity of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups structural stability of micelle for cationic and amphoteric surfactants. As a result CMC depends upon partial charge and electronegativity of hydrophilic group is decreased. With increasing the carbon number of hydrophilic group for cationic surfactant its partial charge is increased but CMC and its electronegativity are decreased. With increasing the carbon number of hydrophobic group for cationic and amphoteric surfactant its partial charge is increased but CMC andits electronegativity are decreased.

• Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.2256-2268
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• 2018

Hydrophilic and hydrophobic polyethersulfone (PES)-zinc oxide (ZnO) sublayers were prepared by loading of ZnO nanoparticles into PES matrix. Both porosity and hydrophilicity of the hydrophilic sublayer were increased upon addition of hydrophilic ZnO, while these were decreased for the hydrophobic sublayer. In addition, the results demonstrated that the hydrophilic membrane exhibited smaller structural parameter (S value or S parameter or S), which is beneficial for improving pure water permeability and decreasing mass transfer resistance. In contrast, a higher S parameter was obtained for the hydrophobic membrane. With a 2 M NaCl as DS and DI water as FS, the pure water flux of hydrophilic TFN0.5 membrane was increased from $21.02L/m^2h$ to $30.06L/m^2h$ and decreased for hydrophobic TFN0.5 membrane to $14.98L/m^2h$, while the salt flux of hydrophilic membrane increased from $10.12g/m^2h$ to $17.31g/m^2h$ and decreased for hydrophobic TFN0.5 membrane to $3.12g/m^2h$. The increment in pure water permeability can be ascribed to reduction in S parameter, which resulted in reduced internal concentration polarization (ICP). The current study provides a feasible and low cost procedure to decrease the ICP in FO processes.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.172-179
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• 2001

In order to improve dye uptime and wash fastness on dyeing of cotton fabrics with Amur cork tree, twitter ionic groups, acid groups, hydrophobic groups or cross linkage were introduced into cotton fabrics. Results obtained were as follows, 1 The optimum modification of cotton fabrics was carbosy methylation in the water solution containing 15% sodium chloroacetate and 15% sodium hydroxide and then introducing hydrophobic groups by treating in the solution containing $30m\ell$ DMSO and $3m\ell$ 2,4-TDI 2. Numbers of carbon, diisocyanate group than monoisocyanate group and aromatic compound than aliphatic compound in introduced hydrophobic groups were effective. 3. The dye uptake and wash fastness wore enhanced significantly by treating only with 2,4-TDI. 4. The wash fastness seems to correlate to the degree of swelling of the fabric during washing and also depend on the Interaction between dyes and acid groups as well as hydrophobic groups.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.93.1-104
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• 1992

Because of varied functions and characteristics, water soluble polymers have lone attracted much intrest in both academic and industrial fields, especially now in pollution problems such as wastewater treatment through ployrneric flocculants. In this regard, the main objective of this study is to synthesize polymeric floccuants containning hydrophobic group in presence of the potassium persulfate/sodium thiosulfate redox system and to estimate their flocculating ability on the kaolin suspension. In order to test the flocculating power of flocculant prepared on the kaolin suspension system, turbidity of the supernatant liquid, residence time, filtration rate of flocculated samples, have additionally been measured from the flocculation experiments and analysed In comparision with the theoretical background.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1994년도 춘계학술대회 and 제3회 신약개발 연구발표회
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• pp.182-182
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• 1994

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)을 비가역적으로 불활성화시킴으로써 오랫동안 작용할 수 있는 고혈압치료제로서의 ACE억제제를 개발하기 위하여pseudomechanism-based inhibition이라는 새로운 억제기전을 가질 것으로 추정되는 아래 그림과 같은 기본 분자구조를 갖는 epoxide 유도체들을 합성하여 in vitro에서 ACE활성 억제효과를, HPLC법을 이용하여 측정하였다. 그 결과 합성되어진 epoxide 유도체들은, epoxide group대신에 sulfhydryl 또는 carboxyl group으로 치환되어져 있는 기존의 ACE 억제제들보다도 효능이 현저히 저하됨으로써, ACE의 $Zn^{2+}$ binding site와는 배위결합력이 미약하다는 것을 의미하여 준다. 또한 유도체들의 phenylring에 chloride, hydroxyl, nitro group과 같은 polar group 의 도입으로 말미암아 ACE 억제효과가 저하됨으로써 이 부위에서의 hydrophobic interaction이 ACE를 억제하는데 중요하다는 것을 시사해 주며 이외에도 이미 알려진 바와같이 carbonyl carbon과 인접한 carbon atom에 methyl group의 도입이 억제효과에 중요한 역활을 하였다. 따라서 향후에는 ACE의 $Zn^{2+}$ binding site와 강력한 배위결합을 하는 carboxyl group을 도입하고 epoxide의 위치를 변경시키며 또한 hydrophobic interaction하는 부위의 구조를 변화시켜 보다 효능이 우수한 새로운 기전의 ACE억제제를 개발해 나가고자 한다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2012

In this study, silicone injection molding technology with curved thermoplastic insert was developed to produce super-hydrophobic surface. Thermoplastic insert part and injection mold design of base plastic cover were performed to produce cost effective hydrophobic surface part. An optimization process of part thickness for thermoplastic insert part was performed with transient thermal analysis under silicone over-molding process condition. Structural thermal analysis of silicone injection mold was also performed to obtain uniform temperature condition on the surface of micro-patterned mold core. Super-hydrophobic surface for the silicone injection molded part with thermoplastic insert could be verified from the measurement of contact angle. It was shown that the averaged contact angle was over $140^{\circ}$.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.89-96
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• 1987

방어와 갈색띠 매물고둥에서 myosin과 paramyosin 을 추출하고, 이들 단백질의 가열중에 일어나는 변성기구를 아미노산 잔기와 SH기의 변화 및 단백질간의 상호작용 등을 측정하므로서 분석하였다. 각 단백질을 이루는 구성아미노산의 측쇄중 소수성 잔기의 유리정도는 가열온도 $65^{\circ}C$까지는 증가하였으나, 그 이상의 가열온도에서는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 유리 소수성 잔기가 증가하여 감에 따라, 단백질간 상호작용도 활발하여 갔으며, 소수성 잔기의 유리정도가 감소하는 가열온도$65^{\circ}C$부터는 단백질의 응집이 일어나기 시작 하였다. 단백질간의 상호작용을 탁도로써 분석하여 Arrhenius식으로 해석한 결과, 방어 myosin은 3단계이상의 변성과정으로 구분할 수 있었으며, 갈색띠 매물고둥 paramyos은 2단계의 변성과정으로 구분할 수 있었다. 이들 두 단백질 소수성, 용해도, 유리 SH기의 수 및 단백질간의 상호작용 등은 온도함수와 밀접한 상관관계를 보였다.

• 한국고분자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국고분자학회 2006년도 IUPAC International Symposium on Advanced Polymers for Emerging Technologies
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• pp.266-266
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• 2006

The cell spheroid (multicellular mass) is enhanced cell functions because of the cell-cell interaction compared with the individual cell. The objective of this study is synthesis, characterization and evaluation of novel crosslinkers to form spheroid in a short time. Our approach to bridge cells is based on the crosslinking of the cell membrane via the hydrophobic interaction. The crosslinker was prepared by the reaction between ethylenediamine and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) derivative with oleyl group as hydrophobic group at the terminal group. The product was characterized with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and FT-IR. Furthermore, cell culture experiment was also performed to confirm spheroid formation. The function of prepared spheroids was evaluated.