• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.123-133
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• 2001

Objective : This study was undertaken to determine whether Cordyceps sinensis Sacc. (CSS) extract exerts the protective effect against oxidant-induced alterations in membrane transport function in renal tubules. Methods : Membrane transport fucntion was estimated by examining alterations in p-aminohippurate (PAH) uptake in rabbit renal cortical slices. For induction oxidative stress, slices were treated with an organic peroxide cumene hydroperoxide for 60 min at $37^{\circ}C$. Cumene hydroperoxide inhibited PAH uptake in a time dependent manner. Results : CSS at 0.5-5% concentrations prevented cumene hydroperoxide-induced inhibition of PAH uptake. CSS at 1% also attenuated LDH release and lipid peroxidation induced by cumene hydroperoxide. When slices were treated with 0.2 mM mercury chloride, PAH uptake was inhibited and lipid peroxidation was increased. These changes by mercury were significantly prevented by CSS. Conclusion : These results suggest that CSS prevents oxidant-induced alterations in membrane transport function in rabbit renal cortical slices. Such protective effect of CSS may be attributed to inhibition of peroxidation of membrane lipid.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activities of water soluble browning reaction products (WS-BRPs) isolated 5\ulcorneron korea red ginseng. Antioxidant activities of WS-BRPs were examined with the various systems. All three WS-BRPs (L, S-1 and S-2) were found to have an ability to linoleic acid, Ox-brain autoxidant, Fe$^{2+}$ ADP/NAD system and cumene hydroperoxide system. Especially, S-2 was had the strongest activity of theses three WS-BRPs to scavenge free radicals such as more effective than S-1, L. MDA determination showed the antioxidant effect on linoleic acid oxidation inhibition ratio of 22.5%, 31.7%, 31.9% and 33.5%, respectivity Especially; Ox-brain autoxidant was strong inhibited activity by 49.52%,62,44,97.54% by addition of various concentration. But three WS-BRPs showed weak inhibitory activity on lipid peroxidation in rat hepatic microsomes induced enzymatically and nonenzymaticallyly

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.649-656
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• 1992

The synthesis of epichlorohydrin was carried out by the epoxidation of allyl chloride with tert-butyl hydroperoxide(TBHP) over silica supported molybdenum catalyst. Kinetic study was performed at $60-80^{\circ}C$ and 10 atm with the molar ratio of TBHP/Allyl chloride between 0.01 and 0.1 in a batch reactor. The epoxidation of allyl chloride was inhibited by tert-butyl alcohol and kinetic data could be represented by Michaelis-Meten type rate equation. The reaction mechanism could be explained by the combination of reversible adsorption of TBHP and tert-butyl alcohol accompanied by reaction of allyl chloride with TBHP adsorbed on $Mo/SiO_2$ catalyst.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2006

This study was carried out to determine the antioxidative activities of tissue cells of mouse kidney isolated from mice fed with different formulation of drinks. The swimming ability of experimental groups without caffeine showed the same pattern, but caffeine group decreased slightly. Superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) activities of caffeine-containing groups were decreased significantly, but the control and ginseng-containing groups were increased. Hydroperoxide contents did not increase significantly all experimental groups. Hydroperoxlde contents of the control and ginseng-containing groups were similar, but caffeine-containing groups increased. Compared to the control and ginseng-containing groups, lipid peroxidation level and protein contents in caffeine-containing groups were decreased significantly. In conclusion, the antioxidative activities of mouse kidney isolated from mice fed with ginseng-containing products was increased slightly.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.113-120
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• 2017

Purpose: Lipid autoxidation of a soybean oil-in-water emulsion with high oil content was studied under after basil extract and/or iron addition. Methods: The emulsion consisted of tocopherol-stripped soybean oil (40 g), citrate buffer (60 g, pH 4.0), and/or $FeSO_4$ (0.5 mg) with 75% ethanol extract (200 mg/kg) of basil (Ocimum basilicum). Lipid oxidation was evaluated using headspace oxygen content, hydroperoxide contents, and p-anisidne values of the emulsion. Polyphenol compound retention in the emulsion during oxidation was determined spectrophotometrically. Results: Addition of basil extract significantly (p<0.05) decreased reduced hydroperoxide contents of the emulsion, and iron significantly (p<0.05) increased anisidine values and decreased oxygen contents. Co-addition of basil extract and iron showed significantly (p<0.05) lower reduced hydroperoxide contents in the emulsion than compared to those of the emulsion with added iron and the control emulsion without basil extract nor or iron. During the emulsion oxidation, polyphenol compounds in the emulsion with added basil extract were degraded, but more slowlywhich was slowed degraded in the presence of iron. Conclusion: The iIron increased the lipid oxidation through hydroperoxide decomposition, and basil extract showed antioxidant activity through radical-scavenging and iron-chelation. Polyphenol degradation was decelerated by iron addition, which suggested suggests iron chelation may be more preferred topreferentially activated over radical scavenging in the antioxidant action by of basil extract in the oil-in-water emulsion with high oil content.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.241-255
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• 2000

Sihosamultang(SST) has been used for the treatment of puerperal fever, liver disease in traditional medicine. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant effects of SST extract in vitro. The inhibitory effect of SST extract on lipid peroxidant was examined in the linoleic acid autoxidation system. In this test, SST extract significantly inhibited the time course of the lipid peroxidation. And SST extract showed about 73% scavenging effect on DPPH radical. And this extract inhibited not only the lipid peroxide formation induced by hydroxyl radical derived from $ H_{2}O_{2}-Fe^{2+}$ in the rat liver homogenate, but also the superoxide generation from xanthine-xanthine oxidase system in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, SST extract protected the hepatic cell death induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide. These data indicated that SST might play a protective role against oxidative injury by free radicals.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.379-384
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• 1990

In order to study the lipid peroxidation caused by light and the protective action it in biological memberane, reverse-phase evaporation liposome (REV) was employed as a model memberance and the effect of several antioxidants and ginseng water extracts were tested. In the presence of photosensitizer, liposome was oxidized easily and the oxidation index dut to the peroxidation was increased. The oxidation index of liposome was increased according to the increase in temperature. When dl-${\alpha}$-tocopherol, ${\beta}$-carotene or L-ascorbic acid was added into the reaction mixture, the photooxidation of liposome was inhibited. Ginseng water extract and crude saponin inhibited the rate of oxidation index of liposome in low concentration but increase in high concentration. On the other hand, when lipid hydroperoxide of liposome was tested by ferrothiocyanate method, ginseng water extract and crude saponin acted as antioxidants.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.168-174
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• 2008

This study is focused on the antimicrobial activity of cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa by the reduction and oxidation reaction of copper and zinc alloy metal fiber filter. Cu/Zn ion is easily makes radicals with molecular hydroperoxide. Especially, hydroperoxide radical shows strong toxicity to the strains. Plasma membrane causes conformational change when hydroperoxide radical binds to plasma membrane. Elution of copper ion from copper and zinc alloy metal fiber is detected in the cyanobacteria solution as 0.5 ppm, and that of zinc ion is 0 ppm respectively. Zinc ion is figured to form a hydroxide in the cyanobacteria solution and precipitated to form a sludge. The concentration of chlorophyll-a in the cyanobacteria solution was proved to be the index of antimicrobial level of Microcystis aeruginosa.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.419-430
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• 1987

The damage of plasmid DNA by lipid peroxidation and its inhibition were investigated through the model system of DNA and linoleic acid at $37^{\circ}C$. The degree of DNA damage increased in proportion to the increase of concentration and peroxidation of linoleic acid. DNA damage induced from linoleic acid peroxidation was greatly inhibited by the addition of active oxygen scavengers, especially, singlet of oxygen scavenge$(\alpha-tocopherol,\;cysteine)$ and superoxide anion scavenger(superoxide dismutase, ascorbic acid) in reaction system. These active oxygens, such as superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide were rapidly generated in the early stage of peroxidation (POV below 100 mg/kg) and also scanvenged by the addition of superoxide dismutase and catalase, respectively. Hydroperoxide isolated from autoxidised linoleic acid showed DNA damage. Hydroperoxide induced-DNA damage was not inhibited by active oxygen scavengers. Lipid oxidation products, malonaldehyde and hexanal, also influenced on the DNA damage. Accordingly, it is speculated that DNA damage by lipid oxidation products is due to active oxygens such as singlet oxygen and superoxide anion formed in the early stage of peroxidation, direct action of hydroperoxide and formation of low molecular carbonyl compound-DNA complex. Furthermore, DNA damage induced by lipid peroxidation was remarkably inhibited by the addition of active oxygen scavengers and natural antioxidative fractions extracted from garlic and ginger. These antioxidative fractions also suppressed the generation of active orygens and linoleic acid oxidation. It is assumed that the inhibition of DNA damage by garlic and ginger extracts is due to the scavenging effect of active oxygens and the inhibition of hydroperoxide and oxidation products formation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.899-903
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• 2005

One of the most important volatile aroma compounds responsible for mushroom flavor is 1-octen-3-ol. To meet the demand for natural mushroom flavor, a study was needed for the production of natural chiral specific (-)-1-octen-3-ol that has higher flavor intensity than synthetic chiral mixtures of (+), and (-)-1-octen-3-ol. The biosynthesis of (-)-1-octen-3-ol was achieved by an aerobic oxidation using lipoxygenase (LOX) and hydroperoxide lyase (HPOL) isolated from commercially available mushrooms in Korean market. Safflower oil from Uiseong, Gyeongsangbuk-do, that contains $\geq75\%$ of linoleic acid, was hydrolyzed using lipase. The recovered linoleic acid was biotransformed to stereo-specific 10-hydroperoxy linoleic acid by LOX. 10- hydroperoxy linoleic acid was further cleaved to (-)-1-octen-3-ol by HPOL. A commercial bioprocess for the production of (-)-1-octen-3-ol was developed using a 5-liter jar fermenter with fruiting bodies of Agaricus bisporus harvested from Buyeo, Chungcheongnam-do. The maximum production of (-)-1-octen-3-o1 was achieved at $4^{\circ}C$, pH 6.5 and 800 rpm yielding 748 mg/kg of mushroom.