• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.131-135
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• 2018

Hyponatremia is defined as a plasma sodium concentration of <135 mEq/L. It is a common electrolyte imbalance in newborns. We report the case of a term neonate with cleft lip, cleft palate, imperforate anus, normal male karyotype, and chronic hyponatremia. On the 4th day of life, he showed hyponatremia (plasma sodium concentration 130 mEq/L) with low serum osmolality (275 mOsm/kg), high urine sodium (116.7 mEq/L), and high urine osmolality (412 mOsm/kg). His thyroid and adrenal functions were normal. Despite intravenous and oral sodium supplementation and hydrocortisone treatment, hyponatremia persisted. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed normal results. He was diagnosed as having reset osmostat, a rare subtype of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone characterized by a subnormal threshold for antidiuretic hormone secretion, with hypotonic hyponatremia.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.274-278
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• 2001

Polymer membranes composed of N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methaccrylate(DMAEMA) and acrylamide(AAm)(or ethyl acrylamide(EAAm) were prepared to demonstrated the thermo-control of solute permeation. Poly DMEMA has a lower critical solution temperature(LCST) at around 50$\^{C}$ in water, With the copolymerization of DMAEMA with AAm (or EAAm) a shift in the LCST to a lowere temperature was observed, probably due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between the amide and N-N-dimethylamino groups. However, the temperature-induced phase transition of poly(DMAEMA-co-EAAm) did not show a similar trend to that of poly(DMAEMA- co-AAm) in the gel state. The hydrogen bonds in poly(DMAEMA-co-EAAm) were significantly disrupted with the formation a gel network, which led to a difference in the swilling behavior of polymer gels in response to temperature. To apply these polymers to temperature-sensitive sol-ute permeation, polymer membranes were prepared. The permeation pattern of hydrocortisone, used as the model solute, was explained based on the temperature-sensitive swelling behavior of the polymer membranes.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 1992

A 16 years old girl with systemic lupus erythematosus had a high fever for 20 days. Skin and renal biopsy showed diffuse granular deposits (IgG, IgM, $C_3$, $C_{1q}$ at dermo-epideral junction and IgG, IgA, IgM, $C_3$, $C_{1q}$, fibrinogen in the renal mesangium and segmentally along the capillary walls) which were compatable with systemic lupus erythematosus. The chest X-ray revealed patchy mottled densities in whole lung field when she complained more dyspnea at 9th hospital days. Even with the parenteral administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics, the symptoms of high fever, cough, tachydyspnea and hypoxia were continued. At 24th hospital day, the clinical course was rapidly deteriorated after sudden loss of consciousness with focal seizure which suggested CNS involvement during hydrocortisone administration for 10 days. She died of respiratory failure despite the mechanical ventilatory support with PEEP. The limited necropsy showed interstitial pneumonia, alveolar hemorrhage and occlusive necrotizing vasculitis of acute lupus pneumonitis.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.331-336
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• 1995

To use cultured mucosa as a graft of full thickness, our laboratory has been involved in the development of techniques to grow epidermis together with connective tissue. Human oral mucosa was obtained at dental surgery. Under sterile conditions the tissues were cut into explants of 0.1 $cm^2$ which were placed in the center of 24 well tissue culture dishes and incubated in a growth medium. The growth medium used for epithelial was MEM(Minimum Essential Medium) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, 0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide, glutamine (0.292 g/l), epidermal growth factor (40 ug/ml), cholera toxin (30 ng/ml), hydrocortisone (2 ug/ml), insulin (40 ug/ml) and transferin (5 ug/ml). The medium for stratification of epithelial cells was MEM supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, 0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide and glutamine (0.292 g/l). The medium used for fibroblasts was MEM supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. With the three types of media used alternatively, a mucosa composed of epidermis and connective tissue was obtained after 3 weeks of culture.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effects of anesthetic information on preoperative state anxiety, plasma glucose, cortisol and epinephrine for patients under tonsillectomy and to provide generic data with anesthetic nursing intervention. Method: Data were collected from 60 patients who had tonsillectomy from November 1, 2003 to April 30, 2004. The group were divided into experimental group and control group: an experiment group of 30 patients was provided with an anesthetic information prepared by the researchers; a control group of another 30 patients was provided with general information. Data were analyzed through chi-squared test, t-test, repeated measure ANOVA using SPSS Program(version 12.0). Result: There were no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in pre-operative state anxiety, glucose and cortisol. However, there were statistically significant difference between the above two groups in pre-operative pre-operative blood pressure(p=.001), heart beat(p=.000), and epinephrine(p=.035). Conclusion: The authors, with the results of this study, concluded that the preoperative anesthetic information for patients under tonsillectomy had direct effect on lessening pre-operative anxiety.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 2009

In this article, we review the efficacy of early interventions after traumatic incidents and during acute stress disorder (ASD). There are some evidences that psychopharmacological medications such as propronolol, morphine, and hydrocortisone are effective in the prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Considering the role of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in hippocampal neurogenesis and an animal model of PTSD, early administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors is also fairly promising. Other pharmacological treatments including benzodiazepines did not treat ASD nor prevent PTSD. There are good evidences that cognitive behavioral therapy including cognitive therapy and prolonged exposure is a valuable intervention for ASD and the most effective prevention for PTSD. No contolled researches on eye movement desensitization&reprocessing, psychodynamic psychotherapy and hypnotherapy have performed. Recent randomized controlled studies using psychological debriefing did not prove as a useful intervention for the prevention of PTSD until now, although the efficacy of debriefing has been at the centre of controversy.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify levels of anxiety, stress hormone, lymphocytes, and neutrophils of the nursing students before an examination and to examine effects of social support on those variables related to taking examinations. Methods: Thirty eight healthy nursing students participated. They completed the questionnaire including state anxiety, test anxiety (VAS scale) and social support two weeks before the exam and again just before the exam. Simultaneously, a venous sample for ACTH, cortisol, lymphocytes & neutrophils count was drawn by a trained nurse. Descriptive statistics, paired t-test, student t-test, and Pearson's correlation with SPSS/WIN 14.0 were used to analyze the data. Results: Test anxiety scores and cortisol level on the exam day showed a significant increment compared with those on the non-exam day. The participants with higher levels of total social support scores showed significantly lower state anxiety on the exam day than those with lower levels of total social support scores. Conclusion: These data indicate a possible alteration in cortisol responsiveness to academic stress in nursing students. Social support would play an important role in modulation of academic stress.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1978

Drug interaction of a new antibiotic, methampicillin lysinate (MAL) with nine drugs were investigated using four species of gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The experimental results were as follows: 1. MIC of MAL were found to be decreased against E. coil when combined with mefenamic acid, probenecid, aluminium hydroxide gel or corticosteroids. The other drugs did not affect MIC of MAL against the same bacteria. 2. MIC of MAL were found to be increased against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538-P, 9441 when combined with mefenamic acid, aluminum hydroxide gel or dexamethasone acetate. The other drugs did not affect MIC of MAL against the same bacteria. 3. MIC of MAL were found to be increased against Shigella dysenteriae when either of the nine drugs was combined. 4. MIC of MAL were found to be increased approximately 2.5 times when combined with Streptokinase-Streptodornase or hydrocortisone and to be decreased approximately 2 times when combined with probenecid or dexamethasone against Salmonella typhi(type 2). It seems the other drugs do not affect the MIC of MAL against the same bacteria.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 1983

By tracing albumin stabilizing activity an anti-inflammatory component, continentalic acid was isolated from ether-soluble acidic fraction of Aralia continentalis. Continenetalic acid in a concentration of 0.115mg/3ml gave 50% inhibition for heat denaturation of albumin. The protein stabilizing potency of it was approximately three and eleven times that of phenylbutazone and that of salicylic acid, respectively. The anti-inflammatory actions of it and its methylester were investigated employing carrageenin-induced edema in rat paw. Continentalic acid administered s. c. showed an activity of about three times of hydrocortisone. When administered p. o., it was still active, but its methylester was more active than phenylbutazone, suggesting the poor absorption of it in gastorointestinal tract. Its chemical structure was identified by chemical and spectral studies as (-) pimara 8(14), 15-diene-19-oic acid, which was already isolated from A. dordata, but not reported for its biological activity.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.279-287
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• 1999

Therapeutic use of anti-inflammatory steroids is limited due primarily to their systemic suppressive effects on pituitary function and the immune system.. To overcome the clinical limitation, a new approach toward the discovery of non-systemic anti-inflammatory steroids is based upon the antedrug concept introduced by this laboratory. The new concept describes locally active agents which are designed to undergo a predictable biotransformation to inactive metabolites upon entry into systemic circulation from the applied site. Thus, true antedrugs are devoid of systemic adverse effects. In a continuing effort, 16$\alpha$-carboxylate and isoxazoline derivatives of prednisolone have been synthesized and screened. In the croton oil-induced ear edema bioassay, the following relative potencies were obtained setting hydrocortisone=1.0; 3a, 1.5; 3b, 3.1; 4a, 4.0; 4b, 12.2; 5b, 8.2; 6b, 11.2; 7a, 1.9; 7b, 4.1; 8a, 3.3; 8b 6.8; 9a, 0.7; 9b 8.6; 10a 2.6; 10b, 7.4. Results of the five-day bioassay indicated that, in contrast to the parent compound, the novel steroidal antedrugs did not significantly alter body weight gain, thymus weights, adrenal weights or plasma corticosterone levels. Taken together, the antedrug concept appears to be a fundamentally sound strategy for the separation of local anti-inflammatory activity form systemic adverse effects.