• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제10권S_3호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2001

The sonochemical Process has been applied as a treatment method and was investigated its effect on the decomposition of humic substances(HS). The reaction kinetics and mechanisms in the Process of sonochemical treatment for humic substances(HS) in wastewater have also been discussed. It was observed that the metal ions such as Fe(II) and Mn(II) showed catalytic effects, while Al(III), Ca(II), and Mg(II) had inhibitory effects on the decomposition of humic substances in sonochemical reaction with hydrogen peroxide. Experimental results also showed factors such as hydrogen peroxide dose affected the formation of disinfection by-products. Two trihalomethanes, chloroform and dichlorobromomethane were formed as major disinfection by-products during chlorination. The mechanism of radical reaction is controlled by an oxidation process. The radicals are so reactive that most of them are consumed by HS radicals and hydroxyl radicals can be acted on organic solutes by hydroxyl addition, hydrogen abstraction, and electron transfer. The depolymerization and the radical reaction of HS radicals appear to occur simultaneously. The final steps of the reaction are the conversion of organic acids to carbon dioxide.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.317-321
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• 2006

본 연구는 humic substances의 급여가 산란계의 생산성과 난 특성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 55주령 ISA brown 갈색계 252수를 공시하였고, 6주간 시험을 실시하였다. 처리구는 1) CON (basal diet),2) HS5 (basal diet added humic substances 5%), and 3) HS10 (basal diet added humic sudstances 10%)으로 처리구당 7반복 반복당 12수씩 완전 임의 배치하였다. 전 시험 기간 동안 hmic substances을 10% 첨가한 처리구는 난 생산성과 난황 직경이 대조구와 비교하여 유의적으로 감소하였다(P<0.05). 난황색은 HS10 처리구가 CON처리구와 비교하여 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 개시시 난중은 처리구간에 차이가 없었다(P<0.05). 난각 강도에서는 HS5 처리구가 다른 처리구들과 비교하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 결론적으로, 산란계 사료내 HS 5% 또는 10%의 첨가는 난황색 및 난각 강도를 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.271-282
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• 2002

The sonochemical process has been applied as a treatment method to investigate its effect on the decomposition of humic substances (HS). The reaction kinetics and mechanisms in the process of sonochemical treatment for humic substances in wastewater have also been discussed. It was observed that the metal ions such Fe(II) and Mn(II) showed catalytic effects, while Al(III), Ca(II), and Mg(II) had inhibitory effects on the decomposition of humic substances in sonochemical reaction with hydrogen peroxide. Experimental results also showed factors such as hydrogen peroxide dose affected the formation of disinfection by-products. Two trihalomethanes, chloroform and dichlorobromomethane were formed as major disinfection by-products during chlorination. The depolymerization and the radical reaction of HS radicals appear to occur simultaneously. The final step of the reaction is the conversion of organic acids to carbon dioxide.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.540-547
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 한강원수로부터 물리화학적인 분리방법으로 휴믹물질(HS; humic substances)을 분리하여 HS의 계절별 분포특성을 조사하고, 식물분해산물에 의한 유기물 구성이 지배적인 자연형 하천수로부터 추출된 HS와 함께 다양한 분광학적 특성분석을 통하여 구조화학적 특성을 비교하고 그 기원특성을 평가하였다. 한강원수로부터 분리된 HS(HRHS)의 구성분율은 연평균 47.0%로, 건기에 비해서 우기에 상대적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. HRHS는 다른 지역의 수계에서 추출된 HS보다 방향성(aromaticity)과 부식화도 (humification degree)가 상대적으로 낮은 것으로 조사되었으며, 이는 수환경계에서 부식화가 진행되는 유기물질의 기원특성과 이들 물질이 축합반응(polymerization)에 기여하는 정도에 따라서 그 구조화학적 성질이 차이를 나타내기 때문으로 보인다. 적외선분광(FT-IR)과 양성자핵자기공명$(^1H-NMR)$ 그리고 형광(fluorescence)분석은 HRHS와 상용화된 HS 간의 구조화학적 차이를 명확히 나타내었으며, FT-IR 및 $^1H-NMR$과 같은 전통적인 분광분석법에 비해서 상대적으로 단순화된 전처리과정과 짧은 응답시간을 요하는 형광분석법이 분석절차상 HS의 방향성 및 부식화도를 평가하기 위한 가장 효율적인 분석수단으로 평가되었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.123-127
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• 2003

Changes in pyrene partitioning due to mineral surface adsorptive fractionation processes of humic substances (HS) were examined in model environmental systems. For purified Aldrich humic acid(PAHA), carbon-normalized pyrene binding coefficients ( $K_{oc}$ ) for the residual (i.e., nonadsorbed and dissolved) PAHA components were different from the original dissolved PAHA $K_{oc}$ , value prior to contact with mineral suspensions. A positive correlation between the extent of pyrene binding and weight-average molecular weight (M $W_{w}$) of residual PAHA components was observed, which appeared to be unaffected by the specific mineral adsorbents use and fractionation mechanisms. A similar positive correlation was not observed with the adsorbed PAHA components, suggesting that conformational changes occurred for the mineral-associated components upon adsorption. Nonlinear pyrene sorption to mineral-associated PAHA was observed, and the degree of nonlinearity is hypothesized to be dependent on adsorptive fractionation effects and/or structural rearrangement of the adsorbed PAHA components.s.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.128-131
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• 2003

It is well known that the membrane separation process combined with surfactant micelle (micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration) or polyelectrolyte (polyelectrolyte-enhanced ultrafiltration) can remove heavy metals effectively. However, the environmental hazard of surfactant or polyelectrolyte remained in effluent is a serious disadvantage of these methods. In this study, humic substances (HS) were used as complexing agents for metal removal instead of synthetic chemicals. The HS are a sort of natural organic matters which are biodegradable and abundant in natural environment. And the functional groups such as carboxyl groups and phenols in HS can bind with the cationic radionuclides and form complexes. Therefore separation process using them will be more environmental-friendly. The effects of concentration of HS and pH on the removal of cobalt were investigated. The ultrafiltration process was applied to the separation of the cobalt - HS complexes from the aqueous stream. At the concentration of > 3 g/L of HS and pH of 6, over 95 % of cobalt was removed by regenerated cellulose membrane of molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) 3,000. As the concentration of HS increased, the removal of cobalt also was improved because of increase in biding sites (functional groups). The cobalt removal increased from 72.5 % to 97.5 % when pH increased from 4 to 8 at the concentration of 3 g/L HS because of increase in HS solubility and cobalt hydroxide precipitation. In the presence of NaCl, the removal efficiency of cobalt decreased.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.177-179
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• 2019

미국 뉴저지주 중위도 산림토양에서 부식산(천연 복합유기화합물인 부식질의 주요 구성성분) 분해능이 있는 세균 균주 Pseudomonas kribbensis CHA-19를 분리하였으며, 이후 또 다른 토양 유기물인 리그닌과 리그닌 유래의 페룰산(ferulic acid)과 바릴린산(vanillic acid)의 분해능을 확인하였다. 부식질 초기 저분자화 효소(예, dye-decolorizing peroxidase와 laccase-like multicopper oxidase)와 부식질 유래의 다양한 저분자 분해산물들을 분해하는 효소(예, vanillate O-demethylase와 biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenase)를 탐색하기 위해 CHA-19 게놈염기서열을 분석하였다. 최종 확보한 효소유전자 정보는 토양세균의 부식질 분해경로 제안에 사용되었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.240-246
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• 2005

오존 및 입상활성탄 공정으로 구성된 고도정수처리시설을 대상으로 공정유입수인 모래여과수를 포함하는 각각의 공정수로부터 휴믹물질(HS; humic substances)을 분리 및 추출하여 작용기 분포, 화학적 조성, FT-IR(Fourier transform infrared) 그리고 $^1H$-NMR(proton nuclear magnetic resonance) 스펙트럼을 분석하여 구조 및 화학적 특성을 평가하였다. 오존처리에 이어 입상활성탄 흡착처리를 거치면서 휴믹성분(humic fraction)의 농도분포는 36.3%에서 24.2%로 단계적으로 감소하였으며, 모래여과수가 활성탄 흡착칼럼으로 직접 유입되는 공정의 경우 36.3%에서 25.0%로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 전오존처리 이후 활성탄 흡착처리시 HS 중 페놀기(phenolic groups)와 카르복실기(carboxylic groups)의 농도분포는 38.4%에서 23.5%로 그리고 61.6%에서 43.3%로 각각 감소하였으며, 전오존처리하지 않은 경우 38.4%에서 24.0%로 그리고 61.6%에서 44.9%로 각각 감소하였다. 정수처리를 거치면서 HS의 카르복실기에 대한 페놀기의 비율에 따라 HS 분자구조 중 O/C 몰비가 감소하거나 또는 증가하는 결과를 나타내었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2005

한강을 상수원으로 하는 재래식 정수처리 시설의 각 단위공정으로부터 휴믹물질(HS; humic substances)을 분리하여 작용기 분포, 화학적 조성, FT-IR(Fourier transform infrared) 그리고 $^1H-NMR$(proton nuclear magnetic resonance) 스팩트럼을 분석하여 구조 및 화학적 특성을 평가하였다. HS의 농도분포는 정수처리 동안 47.2%에서 26.4%(0.97 mgC/L에서 0.54 mgC/L)로 단계적으로 감소하였다. HS 중 페놀기(phenolic groups)의 농도분포는 정수처리 동안 60.5%에서 21.8%($12.2{\sim}6.0\;{\mu}M/L$ as phenolic-OH)로 점차 감소하였으며, 카르복실기(carboxylic groups)의 경우 전염소처리 이후 39.5%($7.9\;{\mu}M/L$ as COOH)에서 46.9%($10.6\;{\mu}M/L$ as COOH)로 증가하였지만 응집 침전 그리고 모래여과 이후 34.2%($9.4\;{\mu}M/L$ as COOH)까지 단계적으로 감소하였다. 또한 원소분석과 FT-IR 및 $^1H-NMR$ 분석결과 정수처리 공정을 거치면서 카르복실기의 분율이 증가하고 방향족에 대한 지방족 양성자의 비($P_{Al}/P_{Ar}$)가 증가하는 것으로 조사되어 상대적으로 지방족 화합물의 물질분율이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.215-222
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• 2015

The objective of this research was to evaluate the growth performance, the apparent ileal digestibility of nitrogen and energy, the retention of nutrients and the apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) in broiler chickens supplemented with increasing doses of a worm leachate (WL) as a source of humic substances (HS) in the drinking water. In Exp. 1, 140 male broilers were penned individually and assigned to four WL levels (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) mixed in the drinking water from 21 to 49 days of age. Water was offered in plastic bottles tied to the cage. In Exp. 2, 600 male broilers from 21 to 49 days of age housed in floor pens were assigned to three levels of WL (0%, 10%, and 20%) mixed in the drinking water. The WL was mixed with tap water in plastic containers connected by plastic tubing to bell drinkers. The results of both experiments were subjected to analysis of variance and polynomial contrasts. In Exp. 1, the daily water consumption was similar among treatments but the consumption of humic, fulvic, and total humic acids increased linearly (p<0.01) as the WL increased in the drinking water. The feed conversion (p<0.01) and the ileal digestibility of energy, the excretion of dry matter and energy, the retention of dry matter, ash and nitrogen and the AMEn showed quadratic responses (p<0.05) relative to the WL levels in drinking water. In Exp. 2, the increasing level of WL in the drinking water had quadratic effects on the final body weight, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio (p<0.05). The addition of WL as a source of HS in the drinking water had beneficial effects on the growth performance, ileal digestibility of energy, the retention of nutrients as well on the AMEn in broiler chickens; the best results were observed when the WL was mixed at levels of 20% to 30% in the drinking water.