• Title/Summary/Keyword: human traffic

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Understanding Watching Patterns of Live TV Programs on Mobile Devices: A Content Centric Perspective

  • Li, Yuheng;Zhao, Qianchuan
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • v.9 no.9
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    • pp.3635-3654
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    • 2015
  • With the rapid development of smart devices and mobile Internet, the video application plays an increasingly important role on mobile devices. Understanding user behavior patterns is critical for optimized operation of mobile live streaming systems. On the other hand, volume based billing models on cloud services make it easier for video service providers to scale their services as well as to reduce the waste from oversized service capacities. In this paper, the watching behaviors of a commercial mobile live streaming system are studied in a content-centric manner. Our analysis captures the intrinsic correlation existing between popularity and watching intensity of programs due to the synchronized watching behaviors with program schedule. The watching pattern is further used to estimate traffic volume generated by the program, which is useful on data volume capacity reservation and billing strategy selection in cloud services. The traffic range of programs is estimated based on a naive popularity prediction. In cross validation, the traffic ranges of around 94% of programs are successfully estimated. In high popularity programs (>20000 viewers), the overestimated traffic is less than 15% of real happened traffic when using upper bound to estimate program traffic.

A Study on the Operational Impact of Abnormal Aircraft in ATC Operations (Focusing on Situation Awareness and Workload) (비정상 항공기가 항공교통관제사에게 미치는 영향에 대한 연구 (상황인식과 업무부하를 중심으로))

  • Jeon, Jeong-Dae;Lee, Young-Heok;Choi, Yun-Chul
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.32-39
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    • 2009
  • Due to the lack of navigable airspace caused by worldwide air traffic increases, air traffic control(ATC) services are becoming more complex, which results in the increase of aircraft accidents. To cope with these challenges, major aviation institutes abroad are actively conducting research regarding the human factors affecting controllers but as of late, no such specialized activities have been found in Korea. Due to the dynamic attributes of ATC operations, management of controller's situation awareness(SA) and workload, and knowledge on the impact of abnormal aircraft to controllers are very important. Furthermore, using actual flight data of each country will lead to valuable results, because individually, it has different airspace characteristics and air traffic volumes. This study assumed that air traffic difficulties would affect the controller's SA and workload. To testify the above hypothesis, the abnormal air traffic situations are simulated by using ATC simulator. The findings indicated that the effect of traffic situations containing abnormal aircraft on the controller's SA and workload, it led to demand increase and supply decrease in SA, and increased mental demand, temporal demand, effort and mean workload score in the workload.

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Comparison of Association Rule Learning and Subgroup Discovery for Mining Traffic Accident Data (교통사고 데이터의 마이닝을 위한 연관규칙 학습기법과 서브그룹 발견기법의 비교)

  • Kim, Jeongmin;Ryu, Kwang Ryel
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.1-16
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    • 2015
  • Traffic accident is one of the major cause of death worldwide for the last several decades. According to the statistics of world health organization, approximately 1.24 million deaths occurred on the world's roads in 2010. In order to reduce future traffic accident, multipronged approaches have been adopted including traffic regulations, injury-reducing technologies, driving training program and so on. Records on traffic accidents are generated and maintained for this purpose. To make these records meaningful and effective, it is necessary to analyze relationship between traffic accident and related factors including vehicle design, road design, weather, driver behavior etc. Insight derived from these analysis can be used for accident prevention approaches. Traffic accident data mining is an activity to find useful knowledges about such relationship that is not well-known and user may interested in it. Many studies about mining accident data have been reported over the past two decades. Most of studies mainly focused on predict risk of accident using accident related factors. Supervised learning methods like decision tree, logistic regression, k-nearest neighbor, neural network are used for these prediction. However, derived prediction model from these algorithms are too complex to understand for human itself because the main purpose of these algorithms are prediction, not explanation of the data. Some of studies use unsupervised clustering algorithm to dividing the data into several groups, but derived group itself is still not easy to understand for human, so it is necessary to do some additional analytic works. Rule based learning methods are adequate when we want to derive comprehensive form of knowledge about the target domain. It derives a set of if-then rules that represent relationship between the target feature with other features. Rules are fairly easy for human to understand its meaning therefore it can help provide insight and comprehensible results for human. Association rule learning methods and subgroup discovery methods are representing rule based learning methods for descriptive task. These two algorithms have been used in a wide range of area from transaction analysis, accident data analysis, detection of statistically significant patient risk groups, discovering key person in social communities and so on. We use both the association rule learning method and the subgroup discovery method to discover useful patterns from a traffic accident dataset consisting of many features including profile of driver, location of accident, types of accident, information of vehicle, violation of regulation and so on. The association rule learning method, which is one of the unsupervised learning methods, searches for frequent item sets from the data and translates them into rules. In contrast, the subgroup discovery method is a kind of supervised learning method that discovers rules of user specified concepts satisfying certain degree of generality and unusualness. Depending on what aspect of the data we are focusing our attention to, we may combine different multiple relevant features of interest to make a synthetic target feature, and give it to the rule learning algorithms. After a set of rules is derived, some postprocessing steps are taken to make the ruleset more compact and easier to understand by removing some uninteresting or redundant rules. We conducted a set of experiments of mining our traffic accident data in both unsupervised mode and supervised mode for comparison of these rule based learning algorithms. Experiments with the traffic accident data reveals that the association rule learning, in its pure unsupervised mode, can discover some hidden relationship among the features. Under supervised learning setting with combinatorial target feature, however, the subgroup discovery method finds good rules much more easily than the association rule learning method that requires a lot of efforts to tune the parameters.

Predictive Analysis of Traffic Accidents caused by Negligence of Safe Driving in Elderly using Seasonal ARIMA (계절 ARIMA 모형을 이용한 고령운전자의 안전운전불이행에 의한 교통사고건수 예측분석)

  • Kim, Jae-Moon;Chang, Sung-Ho;Kim, Sung-Soo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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    • v.40 no.1
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    • pp.65-78
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    • 2017
  • Even though cars have a good effect on modern society, traffic accidents do not. There are traffic laws that define the regulations and aim to reduce accidents from happening; nevertheless, it is hard to determine all accident causes such as road and traffic conditions, and human related factors. If a traffic accident occurs, the traffic law classifies it as 'Negligence of Safe Driving' for cases that are not defined by specific regulations. Meanwhile, as Korea is already growing rapidly elderly population with more than 65 years, so are the number of traffic accidents caused by this group. Therefore, we studied predictive and comparative analysis of the number of traffic accidents caused by 'Negligence of Safe Driving' by dividing it into two groups : All-ages and Elderly. In this paper, we used empirical monthly data from 2007 to 2015 collected by TAAS (Traffic Accident Analysis System), identified the most suitable ARIMA forecasting model by using the four steps of the Box-Jenkins method : Identification, Estimation, Diagnostics, Forecasting. The results of this study indicate that ARIMA $(1, 1, 0)(0, 1, 1)_{12}$ is the most suitable forecasting model in the group of All-ages; and ARIMA $(0, 1, 1)(0, 1, 1)_{12}$ is the most suitable in the group of Elderly. Then, with this fitted model, we forecasted the number of traffic accidents for 2 years of both groups. There is no large fluctuation in the group of All-ages, but the group of Elderly shows a gradual increase trend. Finally, we compared two groups in terms of the forecast, suggested a countermeasure plan to reduce traffic accidents for both groups.

Comparison of map display styles of vehicle navigation system on human factors (차량 항법장치의 화면표시형태에 대한 인간공학적 비교)

  • Jung, Beom-Jin;Baek, Seung-Ryul;Kim, Gi-Beom;Park, Beom
    • Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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    • 1995.10a
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    • pp.208-213
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    • 1995
  • The vehicle navigation system is developed for helping driver to retrieve driving information more easily and lastly. Navigation System informs driver many pieces of driving information - roadway structure and system, on-line traffic condition, the position of vehicle, route guidance, destination and other infor- mation service. As the style of information is diverse and the amount of information is large, driver may have mental and visual overload. The display of information can disturb the driver's attention and this can cause accidents. This state is caused by the defect of human-machine interactions. When the navigation system is designed, human factors - cognitive, judgment, operating -must be considered. The display style must be designed simply and easily, not to be obstacle of human - machine interface. In this study, outside- in view display style and inside-out view display style are compared each other. Tow factors are measured. One is cognitive factor-time of cognition on information that is displayed by screen display, cognition error rate. The other is image of screen display - subject's feeling about several styles of display, degree of subject's preference. The prototype of roadway is four kinds -Cross, T-cross and O-cross. Roadway display for test is taken from paper maps. Traffic condition display style, vehicle position display style and route guidance display style are taken from current display style. Traffic condition display style is symbol. vehicle position display style and route guidance display style are described as color and symbol. The test on screen display is implemented doing given tasks. Then the test is analyzed statistically. The result of test analysis gives the guideline to the designer for the map display of the vehicle navigation system.

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Integrated Air Traffic Simulations of Manned and Remotely Piloted Aircraft (유무인항공기 통합 시뮬레이션 연구)

  • Oh, Hyeju;Park, Bae-Seon;Choi, Keeyoung;Lee, Hak-Tae;Jung, Hyun-Tae;Moon, Woo-Choon
    • Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.492-498
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    • 2015
  • With the rapid growth of technologies and demand of remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPASs), integration of such systems into the existing airspace is becoming an issue in many countries. To assess the impact of integrated operations of manned and remotely piloted aircraft (RPA), it is necessary to perform Human-in-The-Loop (HiTL) simulations of likely situations with an integrated simulation system. This paper defines several operational concepts for the integrated simulation. Several probable scenarios were developed including a traffic pattern at a small airport and an altitude maneuver at a route crossing. HiTL simulations were performed according to the developed scenarios. The simulation results are analyzed focusing on the impacts of different communication, safety, performance, and human machine interface (HMI) characteristics of RPA.

Comparison of Map Display Styles of Vehicle Navigation System on Human Factors (자동차 항법장치의 화면표시형태에 대한 인간공학적 비교)

  • Jeong, Peom-Jin;Paek, Sung-Lyeol;Kim, Ki-Peom;Park, Peom
    • Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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    • v.18 no.36
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    • pp.49-59
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    • 1995
  • The vehicle navigation system is developed for helping driver to retrieve driving information more easily and fastly. Navigation System informs driver many pieces of driving information - roadway structure and system, on-line traffic condition, the position of vehicle, route guidance, destination and other information service. As the style of information is diverse and the amount of information is large, driver may have mental and visual overload. The display of information can disturb the driver's attention and this can cause accidents. This state is caused by the defect of human-machine interactions. When the navigation system is designed, human factors - cognitive, judgment, operating - must be considered. The display style must be designed simply and easily, not to be obstacle of human -machine interface. In this study, outside-in view display style and inside-out view display style are compared each other. Two factors are measured. One is cognitive factor-time of cognition on information that is displayed by screen display, cognition error rate. The other is image of screen display - subject's feeling about several styles of display, degree of subject's preference. The prototype of roadway is four kinds - Cross, T-cross, Y-cross and O-cross. Roadway display for test is taken from paper maps. Traffic condition display style, vehicle position display style and route guidance display style are taken from current display style. Traffic condition display style is symbol. Vehicle position display style and route guidance display style are described as color and symbol. The test on screen display is implemented doing given tasks. Then the test is analyzed statistically, The result of test analysis gives the guideline to the designer for the map display of the vehicle navigation system.

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A study on the architectural design for Community welfare facilities through human knowledge/geographical place - Proposal design for Dochon welfare community center - (인문.지리적 장소성 반영을 통한 지역사회복지시설 설계연구 - 도촌종합사회복지관 현상설계 -)

  • Jeong, Hyeock-Jin;Oh, Sae-Won
    • Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.37-45
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    • 2009
  • New city development policy caused many effects such as destruction of nature and area native culture extinction through fast development within short period. The architectural context is remains by post-modern most difficult problem had left to architects. We need to find the design method that communicate and contacts character of place, cultural context through the actual project. In this study, we propose the method of aspect of compose space and design elements to succeed the cultural place and context, desirable development through the design proposal for Dochon welfare center. In Dochon area, there is no original character of the place because of indiscreet development. Dochon synthesis society welfare facilities is openable to people by space that nature and human contacts and accomplishes relation, Made efforts to do so that can do part that causes human's ripple effect of contact with human and accomplishes traffic and recovers identity of Dochon area at the same time recovery of community consciousness.

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Multi-Agent for Traffic Simulation with Vehicle Dynamic Model I : Development of Traffic Environment (차량 동역학을 이용한 멀티에이전트 기반 교통시뮬레이션 개발 I : 교통 환경 개발)

  • 조기용;권성진;배철호;서명원
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.12 no.5
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    • pp.125-135
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    • 2004
  • The validity of simulation has been well-established for decades in areas such as computer and communication system. Recently, the technique has become entrenched in specific areas such as transportation and traffic forecasting. Several methods have been proposed for investigating complex traffic flows. However, the dynamics of vehicles and their driver's characteristics, even though it is known that they are important factors for any traffic flow analysis, have never been considered sufficiently. In this paper, the traffic simulation using a multi-agent approach with considering vehicle dynamics is proposed. The multi-agent system is constructed with the traffic environment and the agents of vehicle and driver. The traffic environment consists of multi-lane roads, nodes, virtual lanes, and signals. To ensure the fast calculation, the agents are performed on the based of the rules to regulate their behaviors. The communication frameworks are proposed for the agents to share the information of vehicles' velocity and position. The model of a driver agent which controls a vehicle agent is described in the companion paper. The vehicle model contains the nonlinear subcomponents of engine, torque converter, automatic transmission, and wheels. The simulation has proceeded for an interrupted and uninterrupted flow model. The result has shown that the driver agent performs human-like behavior ranging from slow and careful to fast and aggressive driving behavior, and that the change of the traffic state is closely related with the distance and the signal delay between intersections. The system developed shows the effectiveness and the practical usefulness of the traffic simulation.

DEVELOPMENT OF MATDYMO(MULTI-AGENT FOR TRAFFIC SIMULATION WITH VEHICLE DYNAMICS MODEL) II: DEVELOPMENT OF VEHICLE AND DRIVER AGENT

  • Cho, K.Y.;Kwon, S.J.;Suh, M.W.
    • International Journal of Automotive Technology
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.145-154
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    • 2006
  • In the companion paper, the composition and structure of the MATDYMO (Multi-Agent for Traffic Simulation with Vehicle Dynamic Model) were proposed. MATDYMO consists of the road management system, the vehicle motion control system, the driver management system, and the integration control system. Among these systems, the road management system and the integration control system were discussed In the companion paper. In this paper, the vehicle motion control system and the driver management system are discussed. The driver management system constructs the driver agent capable of having different driving styles ranging from slow and careful driving to fast and aggressive driving through the yielding index and passing index. According to these indices, the agents pass or yield their lane for other vehicles; the driver management system constructs the vehicle agents capable of representing the physical vehicle itself. A vehicle agent shows its behavior according to its dynamic characteristics. The vehicle agent contains the nonlinear subcomponents of engine, torque converter, automatic transmission, and wheels. The simulation is conducted for an interrupted flow model and its results are verified by comparison with the results from a commercial software, TRANSYT-7F. The interrupted flow model simulation is implemented for three cases. The first case analyzes the agents' behaviors in the interrupted flow model and it confirms that the agent's behavior could characterize the diversity of human behavior and vehicle well through every rule and communication frameworks. The second case analyzes the traffic signals changed at different intervals and as the acceleration rate changed. The third case analyzes the effects of the traffic signals and traffic volume. The results of these analyses showed that the change of the traffic state was closely related with the vehicle acceleration rate, traffic volume, and the traffic signal interval between intersections. These simulations confirmed that MATDYMO can represent the real traffic condition of the interrupted flow model. At the current stage of development, MATDYMO shows great promise and has significant implications on future traffic state forecasting research.