• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.148-161
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• 2018

A traffic fatality by young people marked average annual decrease of 4.5% since 2011. Meanwhile, a traffic fatality by senior over 65 years old marked average annual increase of 7.9% for the last five years which means that the annual increase of traffic fatality by senior will be a serious problem. This study started questioning that senior drivers over 65 years old did not retain the same causal factor of fatal traffic accidents and thus extensively analyzed a risk of it by age group quantitatively, dividing the senior driver group into the early, middle and latter stages. Depending on the aging level, the risk of traffic fatality showed a wide difference in seven different types of traffic accidents generally, and happened to increase with latter and middle parts of the senior driver more than the early part. Therefore, this study proposes four policy suggestions: 1) The senior driver need to be offered customized driving educations and the improvement of road environment is also recommended. 2) Political assistance is needed to support and guide a safety related technology installation for the new or existing car. 3) Renewal of driving license and an aptitude test(physical examination, cognitive test) for drivers over 75 years old should take in a less than 3 years and an additional road test is needed as occasion demands. 4) Like the United States and Europe, development and extension of customized treatment guidebook for medical teams who examine senior drivers is needed and establishment of education and administration system that a supervisor of driving license renewal can impose safety restriction and American anonymity reporting system is considered to institutionalize in the medium to longer term.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.250-265
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• 2022

Positive effects such as significantly reducing traffic accidents caused by human error can be expected by the introduction of Automated vehicles (AV). However, as new traffic safety issues are expected to occur in the future due to errors in H/W or S/W of autonomous vehicles and lack of its function, it is necessary to establish a scenario to evaluate the driving safety of AV. Therefore, in this study, functional scenario was developed to evaluate the driving safety of AV based on traffic accident data of the National Police Agency. Using the GIS program, QGIS, traffic accident data that occurred in the toll gate and ramp sections of expressway were extracted and accident summary items were checked to classify the types of accident. In addition, based on the results of accident type classification, functional scenario were developed that contains various dangerous situations in the tollgate and ramp sections.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.31-55
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• 1986

Generally, the development of shipping is characterized by the amount of traffic flow (traffic volume) and seaborne cargo in the sea. Movement of ships is an essential element of constructing the traffic flow which is represented the dynamic movement of ships in the sea, but on the other band the numbers of arriving and departing the port is the basic factor consisting of the static movement of ships. The amount of cargoes by coastal vessels and ocean trade vessels have increased tremendously with the great growth of the Korean economy these days. This increase of the seaborne cargoes has made the Korean coastal traffic flow so congested that this can be a cause of large pollution as well as great marine casualities such as a loss of human lives and properties . And also the future coastal traffic is expected to increase considerably according to our economic development and high dependence upon foreign trade. Under the circumstance, to devise the safety of coastal traffic flow and to take a proper step of a efficient navigation, there is a necessity for analyzing and surveying the coastal traffic trend and the characteristics of cargo movement. In order to grasp the dynamic movement of ships in the Korean coast, O/D analysis is executed. This paper aims to secure the basic data necessary for a comprehensive plan and estimation of vessel traffic management system for the enhancement of safety, order and efficiency of vessel traffic in the Korean coast. The analyzed results of the traffic flow and seaborne cargoes of the Korean coast are summarized as follows : 1) The congestion by the vessels occurred around the ports such as-in proportion of ship's number (proportion of tonnage) -Incheon 18.5%(14.8%), Pohang 5.9% (9.9%), Samil 5.2%(8.3%), Mokpo 8.6%(0.8%), Pusan 13.5%(36.4%), Ulsan 9.1%(16.2%). 2) It is found that the area adjacent to Incheon, Pusan, Ulsan, Channel of Hanryu and South-western area are heavily congested. 3) It is confirmed thatthe area adjacent to Incheon, Pusan, Ulsan, Channel of Hanryu and South-western area are heavily congested. 3) It is confirmed that the coastal vessels are main elements constituting the coastal traffic and that there are much traffic flow among five ports as following through the precise O/D analysis of ship's coastal movement. Incheon-Samil, Ulsan, Pusan, Jeju Pusan -Samil, Ulsan, Incheon, Jeju Pohang -Samil, Inchoen, Jeju Pohang -Samil, Incheon, Jeju Ulsan -Samil, Incheon, Jeju Samil -Ulsan, Pusan, Incheon 4) The amount of cargoes to abroad are in proportion about 81% of total and the amount of coastal cargoes are about 19%. Of those, cargoes in and out to Japan are about 26% and to South-east Asia are about 27%. 5) The chief items of foreign cargoes are oil(38.33%), iron ore(13.98%), bituminoous coal(12.74%), grain(8.02%), lumber(6.45%) in the import cargoes and steel material(21.96%), cement(17.16%), oil(6.81%), fertilizer(3.80%) in the export cargoes. 6) The 80.5% of total export cargoes and 92.4% of total import cargoes are flowed in five main ports. 7) The chief items of coastal cargoes are oil (42.45%), cement(16.86%), steel material (6.49%), anthracite(6.31%), mineral product(4.3%), grain, and fertilizer. Almost 92.24% of total import and export oil cargoes in Korea is loaded and unloaded at the port of Samil & Ulsan.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.619-624
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• 2006

This paper presents design of a vehicle stop-and-go cruise control strategy based on analyzed results of the manual driving data. Human drivers driving characteristics have been investigated using vehicle driving data obtained from 100 participants on low speed urban traffic ways. The control algorithm has been designed to incorporate the driving characteristics of the human drivers and to achieve natural vehicle behavior of the controlled vehicle that would feel comfortable to the human driver under low speed stop-and-go driving conditions. Vehicle following characteristics of the cruise controlled vehicle have been investigated using a validated vehicle simulator and real driving radar sensor data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.108-109
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• 2005

The aim of Port State Control(PSC) system is recognized as a proficient mechanism in preventing coastal traffic accident and protecting marine environment. Recently, PSC system is focused on human factor of International Maritime Convention, especially ILO and STCW Convention by considering many accidents resulted from human factor. Therefore, we have to understand of Consolidated Maritime Labour Convention which describes employment conditions and social welfare policy, the rights about the lowest wages, the overdue wages, the unemployment protection. a disaster reward, etc and STCW Convention which describes standards of training, certification and watchkeeping for seafarers. The aim of this study is to recognize inspection points about human factor of these Conventions. .

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1081-1090
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• 2015

This work proposes a theoretic framework for the performance assessment of an access point in the IP network that accommodates MD (Machine Data) and HD (Human Data). First, we investigate typical resource allocation methods in LTE for MD and HD. After that we carry out a Max-Min analysis about the surplus and deficiency of network resource seen from MD and HD. Finally, we evaluate the performance via numerical experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.39-48
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• 2001

In recent years, the marine traffic congestion has increased due to the expansion of vessel traffic volume in Korean coastal waterway. Heavy traffic could bring serious marine casualties which cause the loss of human lives, properties and marine pollution in coastal area. The prevention of marine accidents has been a major topic in marin society and various policies and countermeasures have been developed, applied to the industries. VTS(Vessel Traffic Services) is considered as one of effective method to promote marine safety but it needs relatively huge amount of budgets to build and also number of personnels for the operation. Thus prior to establishing the VTS. It should be surveyed the marine traffics, general conditions of waterway including geographical, meteorological characteristics and assessed to find the most reasonable area and places for the system. Therefore this paper aims to develop the method for this evaluation through the hierarchical evaluation structure model in connection with ISM(interpretive structural modeling) and AHP(analytic hierarchy process) methods. The model in this paper is applied to 4 coastal area in Korean waterway as candidates and found that the priority for the needs of VTS should be in order such as Yosu, Wando, Mokpo, Geoje coastal area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.141-150
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• 2017

A rapid increase in traffic accidents involving senior vehicle occupants has been an issue in Korea because of the aging of the population occurring at one of the fastest rates in the world; unfortunately, few studies beyond several looking at the effect of senior occupants on the level of accident injury severity can be found in the literature. A Multinomial logit model was estimated with Newton-Raphson algorithm to perform bias-reducing penalized likelihood optimization. Model covariates integral to developing the model were included, but the main focus was on the interaction of seating position and injury to senior vehicle occupants. It was found that the likelihood of an accident resulting in a fatality increased: 2.2 times for the driver seat, 2.7 times for the front passenger seat, and even 6.7 times for the rear seat. A mandatory seatbelt law to be extended to the rear seat needs to pass the assembly as soon as possible, and government, industry, and safety groups should be encouraged to join forces to strongly carry out targeted campaigns for the wearing of seatbelts in all vehicle seats to enhance the safety of senior occupants as well as other occupants who are vulnerable to road traffic accidents.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.199-207
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• 2002

This is a study to evaluate the effects of the safety of ambulance driving and the occurrence of ambulance traffic accidents and to provide basic information for the description of various factors to reduce the ambulance traffic accidents. The major instruments of this study were Korean Self-Analysis Driver Opinionnaire. Questionnaire contains 8 items which measure driver's opinions or attitudees: driving courtesy, emotion, traffic law, speed, vehicle condition, the use of drugs, high-risk behavior, human factor. To take the analysis of data, the total of 187 drivers were investigated ambulance drivers in Gwangju Metropolitan City from 2002. 1. September to 2002. 20. September. The data were analyzed by the path analysis SPSS program. The result are as follows : 1. There was desirable attitude group(58.4%) and undesirable attitude group(41.7%) on safety ambulance driving. 2. It have suggested that rist factors of ambulance traffic accident much affected with emotion and speed control on safety ambulance driving(Y(Accident) = -2.00 + 0.6 X1(Emotion Control) + 0.4 $X_2$(Speed control) + E). 3. Almost 92.1% of respondents have agreed to necessity of emergency medical technics for ambulance drivers.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2007

Scanning worms increase network traffic load because they randomly scan network addresses to find hosts that are susceptible to infection. Since propagation speed is faster than human reaction, scanning worms cause severe network congestion. So we need to build an early detection system which can automatically detect and quarantine such attacks. We propose algorithms to detect scanning worms using network traffic characteristics such as variance, variance to mean ratio(VMR) and correlation coefficient. The proposed algorithm have been verified by computer simulation. Compared to existing algorithm, the proposed algorithm not only reduced computational complexity but also improved detection accuracy.