• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.451-459
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• 2019

This study is aims to examine how the skeleton character in Pixar's Animation is visualized for the narrative of the film and suggests the direction of attractive character development corresponding to the story. First of all, it was conducted the case studies on the narrative of animation, character design, character's emotion expression, and animations featuring skeleton character. Based on this study, it was derived the visual representation of the skeleton character featuring in and analyzed the role and function in the animation. As a result, the expressions by the skeleton's eyes, eyebrows, mouth, lips, and jaw played the most important role for the emotional expression and lines in , and the major characteristic for human facial expression was reflected in the design of the skeleton character. In addition, the various props were used to provide the detailed informations of the skeleton's character, and it was expressed the movement emphasizing its essential attribute. Finally, the skeleton's symbolic image was strengthened by composing and arranging the skeleton's image through Mise en scene. It is expected that this study will be used as a reference for the animation character related researchers and practitioners in the business and it helps develop attractive characters fir the narrative animation in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.435-436
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• 2013

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.433-438
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose the robust features extraction method of human by using the skeleton model and hybrid silhouette model. The proposed feature extraction method is divided by hands, shoulder line and elbow region extraction. We use the peer's color information to find the position of hands and propose the circle detection method to extract the shoulder line and elbow. Finally, we show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method through some experiments.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.929-944
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• 2019

Many critical applications require accurate real-time human action recognition. However, there are many hurdles associated with capturing and pre-processing image data, calculating features, and classification because they consume significant resources for both storage and computation. To circumvent these hurdles, this paper presents a recognition machine learning (ML) based system model which uses reduced data structure features by projecting real 3D skeleton modality on virtual 2D space. The MMU VAAC dataset is used to test the proposed ML model. The results show a high accuracy rate of 97.88% which is only slightly lower than the accuracy when using the original 3D modality-based features but with a 75% reduction ratio from using RGB modality. These results motivate implementing the proposed recognition model on an embedded system platform in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.97-98
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• 2011

This paper is about the study of a new exo-skeleton device applying a gravity compensator. The exo-skeleton devices is to reduce the external torque applied to the human body joint for the purpose of helping the disabled, reducing heavy payload for industry workers or military soldiers. Most of the exoskeleton devices are actuated by the motors, but motors are limited in energy such that a short durability is always a big problem. In this paper, an exoskeleton device using a new gravity compensator based on a torsion bar is proposed to reduce the torque load applied to human body joints. The exoskeleton device is designed for the lower body of human. Analyses on the torsion bar spring and link of the exoskeleton device using FEM method were performed. To reduce the applied torque to the human joint, a torsion bar gravity compensator is applied to the exoskeleton. The effect of the torsion bar compensator for the exoskeleton device was verified through load test using developed test equipment.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.286-299
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• 2022

Human activity recognition in real time is a challenging task. Recently, a plethora of studies has been proposed using deep learning architectures. The implementation of these architectures requires the high computing power of the machine and a massive database. However, handcrafted features-based machine learning models need less computing power and very accurate where features are effectively extracted. In this study, we propose a handcrafted model based on three-dimensional sequential skeleton data. The human body skeleton movement over a frame is computed through joint positions in a frame. The joints of these skeletal frames are projected into two-dimensional space, forming a "movement polygon." These polygons are further transformed into a one-dimensional space by computing amplitudes at different angles from the centroid of polygons. The feature vector is formed by the sampling of these amplitudes at different angles. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated using a support vector machine on four public datasets: MSR Action3D, Berkeley MHAD, TST Fall Detection, and NTU-RGB+D, and the highest accuracies achieved on these datasets are 94.13%, 93.34%, 95.7%, and 86.8%, respectively. These accuracies are compared with similar state-of-the-art and show superior performance.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.157-166
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• 2013

Features of the Occult Culture is preferred that powers, demons, magic, magical, unreal etc. Currently Occultism is getting a lot of attention to the public in the society, culture, arts and the play. Fashion in the period that includes all circumstances is a field. Thus, the current Occultism and modern fashion will also be related. Objective of the study is to figure out the form and meaning of Occultism in Contemporary Fashion. An example of the best of contemporary trends is the mass media, For this reason, Occultism symptoms range of case studies mess media(television programs and film). Research on contemporary fashion range was used 2000-2013 fashion collection extracted from the data. Represented in the mess media features of occultism is 'Witchcraft and Sorcery' and 'Death and Horror'. They are story of wizard exorcism and unnatural horror. In the 21st century, modern people are enjoying occultism, and occultism is the one of the entertainment. Expressed in contemporary fashion features of occultism is 'Super-human organism', that is out of the human body, ignoring body shape and type of transformed organism. Second distinction is 'Ghost', they are something like the dark and dismal, shape of ghosts and look pale. Third distinction is 'Neo-Macabre', it is the shape of the skeleton. Skeleton symbolizing the end of life, skeleton to express Occultism has emerged as the most representative motifs in the 21st century fashion. Occultism expressed in fashion is a gothic fantasy, because the fashion can be expressed. In addition, people in modern society wants to be against the norms and taboos. The trend Occult-culture is a symbol of the public's desires and needs.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.547-554
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• 2005

Orthognathic surgery for Class III malocclusion requires an elaborate preoperative planning using cephalometries or Mock surgery models which enable the surgeon to anticipate postoperative skeletal changes of maxilla and mandible as well as dentition. After surgery, patient's satisfaction is greatly influenced by appearance of soft tissue change. Therefore, it is imperative to predict a relatively accurate soft tissue change prior to surgery. A 5 year retrospective study was designed to evaluate the soft tissue change after sagittal split osteotomy of ramus(SSRO) for class III malocclusion. Analyses of preoperative and postoperative anthropometric measurements were performed. Patients who were treated only by SSRO for class III malocclusion and could follow up for 6 months were studied. Among them, the patients who had history of cleft palate and lip or hemifacial microsomia were excluded. Soft tissue changes were estimated by using the frontal and lateral photographs. Skeletal changes were observed by measuring amount of set back and angular changes of mandible to the reference line by using cephalometries. Relapses were also measured 6 months after the operation. We could observe skeletal changes were more profound than soft tissue changes concerning amount of set back, but soft tissue changes were also profound in angle. Relapse was more profound in skeleton than soft tissue but the amount was not significant. In spite of the variables which may affect proper assessment of the soft tissue change after skeletal relocation, this study can serve as a guide for exact prediction of the postoperative change of soft tissue and skeleton.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.13-27
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to understand the general process from textile design till fashion design and to understand the relation between the body structure by using the x-ray technique. The research method was to see background of the anatomic feature and human skeletal X-ray projection through historical aspect of publications, the Internet, and paper. In terms of production, in order to present a design that takes into account the unique silhouette of the human body without distorting the shape of the human skeleton, X-ray images that were reconstituted using a computer graphic tool (Photoshop CS) were reproduced into the fabric as intense images through the digital Textile Printing technique that is capable of expressing fine and delicate details, and applied into the design. An original design was developed that emphasized the impression of the human body being projected and the shape of the human skeleton realistically expressed in terms of silhouette and detail. The results are as follows: First, Body has a anatomic formative characteristic and its formativeness becomes as a great motive for the artistic expression and thereby it becomes more unique and available for new design expression. Second, Using the 'body frame' as the motive of the research, there's mainly tried to make an unique expression. Third, according to reconstructing human skeletal X-ray projection by using Adobe Photoshop CS2, it can be expressed strong and unique design. Forth, DTP which is being used as an essential technique, expresses the body frame realistically and being used the special type of functional product and silk. Likewise by discovering the diverse formativeness of our body frame and reflecting the sense of humanity into the pieces there's been able to make and develop an unique fashion design. I sincerely hope there is a hug progress in this research in this area.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.598-605
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• 2018

Behavior awareness is a technology that recognizes human behavior through data and can be used in applications such as risk behavior through video surveillance systems. Conventional behavior recognition algorithms have been performed using the 2D camera image device or multi-mode sensor or multi-view or 3D equipment. When two-dimensional data was used, the recognition rate was low in the behavior recognition of the three-dimensional space, and other methods were difficult due to the complicated equipment configuration and the expensive additional equipment. In this paper, we propose a method of recognizing human behavior using only CCTV images without additional equipment using only RGB and depth information. First, the skeleton extraction algorithm is applied to extract points of joints and body parts. We apply the equations to transform the vector including the displacement vector and the relational vector, and study the continuous vector data through the RNN model. As a result of applying the learned model to various data sets and confirming the accuracy of the behavior recognition, the performance similar to that of the existing algorithm using the 3D information can be verified only by the 2D information.