• Title/Summary/Keyword: human skeletal

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Age-Related Loss of Skeletal Muscle and Associated Risk Factors in Middle-Aged Men: A Comprehensive Study

  • Jongseok Hwang
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.13-21
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    • 2023
  • PURPOSE: This study examined the specific clinical risk factors in middle-aged men with age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass (ALSMM). METHODS: The present research analyzed the data from a cross-sectional study of 1,564 community-dwelling participants aged between 40 to 49 years old. The participants were screened for ALSMM. The study examined various risk factors, including age, height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, skeletal muscle mass index, smoking and drinking status, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose levels, and triglyceride and cholesterol levels. RESULTS: The risk factors of ALSMM were height, body mass index, waist circumference, skeletal muscle mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, drinking status, fasting glucose, and triglyceride levels (p < .05). The weight, triglyceride, and smoking status variables were non-significant (p > .05). CONCLUSION: The risk factors for ALSMM among community-dwelling adults were determined. These results are expected to contribute to the existing literature on ALSMM and provide potential risk factors associated with the development of ALSMM in middle-aged males.

Bio-mechanical Evaluation of Squatting Posture with Asymmetric Trunk Motion (몸통 비틀림 운동을 고려한 쪼그려 앉은 작업자의 요추부 작업부담 평가)

  • Lim, Dae-Seob;Kim, Young-Jin;Lee, Kyoung-Suk;Mun, Joung-Hwan
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.58-67
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    • 2011
  • A high prevalence of protected horiculture farmer's work-related musculo-skeletal disorders (MSDs) have been reported in precedent studies. One of the tasks required ergonomic intervention to reduce the musculo-skeletal risks is the task of harvesting. The purpose of this study is to evaluate quantitatively the spinal load of worker harvesting with squatting posture to predict and prevent musculo-skeletal risks. Spinal load in Squatting posture with asymmetric trunk motion were analyzed. Before evaluating spinal load on harvesting worker by bio-mechanical approach, it is needed to validate human model. In this study, ADAMS LifeMOD human model shows satisfactory results, comparing with already validated model's results or measured results. While worker reached arms (20%, 40%, 70% arm reach) with various asymmetric trunk motion (0, 45, 90 degree), their spinal loads (extension, twisting and lateral bending moment) were evaluated. In case of extensor moment at lumbo-sacral joint, the more the arm reach got increased, the moment increased. however, in case of twisting moment and lateral bending moment, the more both arm reach and asymmetric trunk motion got increased, the moment increased significantly. The findings of this study suggest that it need to be determine the spinal load, especially twisting, lateral bending moment in evaluating musculo-skeletal workload in squatting posture.

The Change of Bone and Soft Tissue Profile after Sagittal Split Osteotomy of Ramus (하악골후방이동술 후 골격구조와 연부조직의 변화)

  • Hwang, Jee Hoon;Seul, Chul Hwan;Park, Beyoung Yun
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • v.32 no.5
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    • pp.547-554
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    • 2005
  • Orthognathic surgery for Class III malocclusion requires an elaborate preoperative planning using cephalometries or Mock surgery models which enable the surgeon to anticipate postoperative skeletal changes of maxilla and mandible as well as dentition. After surgery, patient's satisfaction is greatly influenced by appearance of soft tissue change. Therefore, it is imperative to predict a relatively accurate soft tissue change prior to surgery. A 5 year retrospective study was designed to evaluate the soft tissue change after sagittal split osteotomy of ramus(SSRO) for class III malocclusion. Analyses of preoperative and postoperative anthropometric measurements were performed. Patients who were treated only by SSRO for class III malocclusion and could follow up for 6 months were studied. Among them, the patients who had history of cleft palate and lip or hemifacial microsomia were excluded. Soft tissue changes were estimated by using the frontal and lateral photographs. Skeletal changes were observed by measuring amount of set back and angular changes of mandible to the reference line by using cephalometries. Relapses were also measured 6 months after the operation. We could observe skeletal changes were more profound than soft tissue changes concerning amount of set back, but soft tissue changes were also profound in angle. Relapse was more profound in skeleton than soft tissue but the amount was not significant. In spite of the variables which may affect proper assessment of the soft tissue change after skeletal relocation, this study can serve as a guide for exact prediction of the postoperative change of soft tissue and skeleton.

Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Human Skeletal Remains Excavated from Myungam-ri site in Asan, Korea (아산시 명암리 출토 인골의 미토콘드리아 DNA 분석)

  • Kim, Yun-Ji;Kim, Sue-Hoon;Cho, Eun-Min;Lee, Jeong-won
    • 보존과학연구
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    • s.36
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    • pp.33-48
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    • 2015
  • In this study, ancient DNA analyses were carried out on the human skeletal remains from a historical cemetery site in Myeongam-ri, Asan, Korea. Human remains of 27 individuals out of tombs from the Goryeo to Joseon Dynasty were selected for the analysis of this study. In order to identify the genealogy of the population and traditional burial pattern of the cemetery, we conducted comparative analyses of the hyper variable regions (HVRs) in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of each sample. We sequenced 9 segmental amplicons of HVRs and assigned relevant haplogroups according to the sequence polymorphism on the basis of the known mtDNA database. As a result, we were analyses 18 human remains of 27 individuals and result of amelogenin analysis were only 4 samples.

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Force Depression Following Active Muscle Shortening during Voluntary Contraction in Human Tibialis Anterior Muscle (인체 전경골근의 수의적 수축시 선행 동심성 근수축이 항정상태 등척성 근력에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Hae-Dong;Lee, Seung-Cheol
    • Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.75-83
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate steady-state force depression following active muscle shortening in human tibialis anterior muscle during voluntary contractions. Subjects (n = 7; age $24{\sim}39$ years; 7 males) performed isometric reference contractions and isometric-shortening-isometric contractions, using maximal voluntary effort. Force depression was assessed by comparing the steady-state isometric torque produced following active muscle shortening with the purely isometric reference torque obtained at the corresponding joint angle. In order to test for effects of the shortening conditions on the steady-state force depression, the speed of shortening were changed systematically in a random order but balanced design. Ankle dorsiflexion torque and joint angle were continuously measured using a dynamometer. During voluntary contractions, muscle activation of the tibialis anterior and the medical gastrocnemius was recorded using surface electromyography. Force depression during voluntary contractions, with a constant level of muscle activation, was 12 %, on average over all subjects. Force depression was independent of the speeds of shortening ($13.8{\pm}2.9%$, $10.3{\pm}2.6%$ for 15 and 45 deg/sec over 15 deg of shortening, respectively). The results of this study suggest that steady-state force depression is a basic property of voluntarily-contracting human skeletal muscle and has functional implication to human movements.

Comprehensive Investigation on the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Coexistence of Age-related Loss of Skeletal Mu scle Mass and Obesity among Males in Their 40s

  • Jongseok Hwang
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2023
  • PURPOSE: This study examined the prevalence and specific risk factors in males aged 40-49 years with the coexistence of age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and obesity (CALSMO). METHODS: The current study analyzed the data obtained from a cross-sectional study involving a sample of 1,218 men who resided in the community and fell within the age range of 40 to 49 years. Multiple risk factors were examined: age, height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, skeletal muscle mass index, smoking and drinking habits, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose levels, and triglyceride and cholesterol levels. All data were analyzed via complex sampling analysis. RESULTS: The coexistence of age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and obesity in males was 2.94% (95% CI: 2.06-4.17). The clinical risk factors were low height, high weight, body mass index, waist circumference, skeletal muscle index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and fast glucose (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The study identifies the prevalence and risk factors for CALSMO among adults in the community. These findings contribute to the existing literature on CALSMO and highlight potential risk factors associated with CALSMO development in males aged 40-49 years.

Analysis of Human Skeletal Remains of the Joseon Dynasty from Hwamyeong-dong, Busan: A Molecular Genetic Approach (분자유전학적 접근을 통한 조선시대 사람뼈의 분석 - 부산 화명동 조선시대 분묘군 출토 사람뼈를 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Sue Hoon;Cho, Eun Min;Kim, Yun-Ji;Choe, Hyeongoo;Kang, Soyeong
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2018
  • The analysis of ancient DNA extracted from archaeological bones has become an important research tool in palaeogenetics and anthropology. Eight human skeletal remains of the Joseon dynasty, excavated from Hwamyeong-dong, were used in this study. DNA was extracted from bone powder using a silica-based protocol. The isolated DNA was analyzed by the sequencing variation of hyper-variable region of the mitochondrial DNA. In the present study, 3 human remains were identified into mtDNA haplogroups including the A 5a, D4a, and M4"67+16311 groups, using HaploGrep 2 program. The identified haplotypes of the 3 samples have been confirmed that the specimens in the tombs were not related by the maternal line. This is the first analysis of human skeletal remains of the Joseon dynasty excavated in Busan. Date from the analysis of human remains from the Joseon dynasty are considered as the basis for understanding the genetic relationship between modern and ancient humans of the Korean peninsula.

Applied Research of Ultra Sonication for Ancient DNA Preparation of Excavated Human Skeletal Remains (초음파를 이용한 출토 인골 DNA 추출법 연구)

  • Kim, Yun-Ji;Jee, Sang-Hyun;Hong, Jong-Ouk
    • 보존과학연구
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    • s.29
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    • pp.137-148
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    • 2008
  • Analyses of ancient DNA (aDNA) from archaeological and historical skeletal material are characterized by low quality. Many soil contaminants such as humic acid, fulvic acid, and bone collagen are often co-extracted with aDNA and inhibit amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In this study, we compared with two methods of DNA extraction by phenolchloroform extraction and silica-bead extraction. In addition, we applied new protocol, ultra sonication based silica-bead extraction method to extract aDNA from some ancient human skeletal remains. This method was more effective by both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and amelogenin gene amplification.

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