• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.229-240
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• 2008

Animal mucins have structural characteristics similar to human salivary mucins. Animal mucins have been regarded as suitable substances for saliva substitutes. Since animal mucin molecules in saliva substitutes and host-derived antimicrobial salivary molecules exist simultaneously in whole saliva and the pellicles of patients with dry mouth, interactions may occur between these molecules. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of animal mucins on peroxidase activity in solution and on the surface of hydroxyapatite(HA) surfaces. The effects of animal mucins on peroxidase activity were examined by incubating porcine gastric mucin(PGM) or bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) with either bovine lactoperoxidase(bLPO) or saliva samples. For solid-phase assays, immobilized animal mucins or peroxidase on three different HA surfaces(HA beads, HA disc, and bovine tooth) were used. Peroxidase activity was determined with an NbsSCN assay. The obtained results were as follows: 1. PGM enhanced the enzymatic activity of bLPO in solution phase. PGM did not affect the enzymatic activity of peroxidase in saliva sample(POS). 2. BSM did not affect the enzymatic activities of both bLPO and POS in solution phase. 3. HA-adsorbed PGM increased subsequent bLPO adsorption in all three HA phases. The activity of POS was increased on both the HA beads and bovine tooth. 4. The peroxidase activities on the HA beads and disc were increased when the HA surfaces were exposed to a mixture of bLPO and PGM. 5. The binding affinity of bLPO to PGM was greater than that of bLPO to BSM. Collectively, our results suggest that animal mucins affects the enzymatic activity of peroxidase on the HA surfaces as well as in solution. Saliva substitutes containing animal mucins may affect the function of antimicrobial components in natural saliva and saliva substitutes.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.67-83
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• 2016

Ebola virus disease is a lethal viral hemorrhagic fever that has been boiling in sub-Saharan Africa since 1970s. Last year, The Ebola virus epidemic that has spread not only mainly in West Africa, but also in locals such as USA, Europe and the Antipodes via infected travelers, was brought up. Human-to-human transmission of Ebola virus disease is known only through direct contact with the blood, secretions, tissues or other bodily fluids, including saliva. Although there has not been reported infection cases in the dental healthcare settings, the fact that the infection of the Ebola virus may be made from human secretions such as saliva suggests that there is a high risk of infection for the Ebola virus of dental healthcare workers. Therefore, it is important dental healthcare workers to identify infection-suspected patients through the oral findings for infection prevention. This article will review the oral signs and symptoms of Ebola virus disease and discuss the pathogenesis, treatment and prevention. Furthermore, Infection control guidelines for oral healthcare workers are also proposed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.424-433
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the salivary concentration of Potassium and Magnesium cations and their variation before and after sucrose and glucose rinse, and to investigate the relationship between the levels of each compound. Saliva samples were obtained from 40 subjects before and up to 60 min after intake of a 10% sucrose and glucose solution at 1-month intervals. Potassium and Magnesium in human saliva were determined via anion-exchange chromatography with an anion-suppressed conductivity detector using 12 mM sulfuric acid. The concentrations of Potassium and Magnesium before sucrose rinse were 274.3±77.9 mg/ℓ and 4.5±2.5 mg/ℓ, also, the concentrations of Potassium and Magnesium before glucose rinse were 279.2±62.1 mg/ and 4.8±2.0 mg/ℓ, respectively. Potassium and Magnesium concentrations were significantly decreased (p<0.05) after sucrose rinse. The content of potassium and magnesium in saliva before and after rinsing sucrose and glucose is difficult to standardize or classify, as previous research. The reason for the variation between individuals is large, and easily changed by chemical or physiological stimulation. However, this study was experiment for the purpose of accumulating basic data for saliva.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2007

Antimicrobial action of phytoncide in the mouth decrease odor-producing microorganisms. Also phytoncide has malodor effect by reaction with volatile sulfur compounds. Phytoncide has excellent malodor effect in microbiologically and chemically. This study prove the malodor effect of phytoncide by use ferrous sulfate. So I try to make new treatment method for halitosis. I get the results as follows. 1. The difference of mean value of absorbancy was 0.849 between the mean absorbancy of deposition by add phytoncide to saliva and the saliva only. 2. The difference of mean value of absorbancy was 0.701 between the mean absorbancy of deposition by add phytoncide to distilled water and the distilled water only. 3. The difference of mean value(0.849) in saliva by existence of phytoncide was larger than in double distilled water(0.701) by existence of phytoncide. Therefore, phytoncide make more deposition in saliva than double distilled water by reaction with sulfur compounds. As the results, phytoncide reaction with sulfur compounds in saliva. It take malodor action in liquid state effectively. It is thought, only the toothpaste it knows from in the limit which does not have a side effect by the human body it adds in the oral cavity of the mouth rinse and with the fact that it will be able to use positively in clinic.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.502-513
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• 2018

Objectives: Stress hormone (cortisol) can be used to analyze psychological and physiological changes and healing effects before and after in blood and saliva. Here it is applied to scientifically validate the effects of the healthy forest experience in Deogyusan Mountain National Park. Methods: A healthy forest experience program was provided to college students (males and females) at Deogyusan National Park. Stress, hormones (cortisol), blood pressure, pulse, oxygen saturation and stress, anxiety, and depression were measured. This study was designed to objectively analyze the effects of stress hormones before and after. Results: Depression, stress, anxiety, and satisfaction with the forest experience program in Deogyusan National Park were very high in reliability in terms of Cronbach's Alpha: depression scored 0.910, stress 0.558, anxiety 0.934, program satisfaction 0.826, and program effectiveness 0.894. Conclusions: In this study, we utilized the Healthy Forest Experience Program and the 'Health and Medical Center Health Record Book' of the Health Forest Experience Program (Ministry of Environment's Environmental Education Certification Program). In the future, we will seek ways to utilize saliva since it is easier to collect than blood samples and apply the stress hormone cortisol as a saliva authentication program. In addition, by implementing ecological welfare programs in which nature and human beings coexist through systematic preservation and restoration, the national park management can utilize ecological, scenic and cultural services wisely. We expect to be able to provide exploration and welfare services.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1681-1685
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• 2013

Background: Head and neck SCC is a common cancer related to various factors. IL-10, a pleiotropic cytokine produced by macrophages, T-helper-2 cells, and B lymphocytes, is thought to play a potential pathogenetic or therapeutic role in a number of human conditions, such as inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer. The present study was designed to evaluate the relation between tissue expression, serum and salivary levels of IL-10 in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) and their correlation with clinicopathologic features. Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from 30 patients with HNSCCs and 24 healthy volunteers. IHC analysis was used to examine the tissue expression and ELISA was employed to measure serum and salivary levels. Results: Our study showed tissue expression of IL-10 to be significantily higher in patients (P: 0.001), but there was no relation between tissue expression, serum and salivary levels of the marker (P>0.05). Also except for a positive correlation between tissue expression of IL-10 and stage (P: 0.044), there was no relation between this marker and clinicopathologic features. There was no correlation between serum and salivary levels in either patients or controls. Conclusions: It seems there is no correlation between level of IL-10 in serum and saliva and this marker in saliva and serum does not reflect tissue expression.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.90-95
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• 2014

Purpose: To investigate viscosity and wettability of hyaluronic acid (HA) solutions according to supplementation of lysozyme and/or peroxidase, and different ionic strength and pH conditions. Methods: Solutions containing HA were prepared using distilled deionized water (DDW) and simulated salivary buffer (SSB) in different conditions. Different concentrations of hen egg-white lysozyme and bovine lactoperoxidase was added into HA solutions. HA solutions with antimicrobials in different ionic strength and pH conditions were prepared. Viscosity was measured using cone-and-plate digital viscometer at six different shear rates and wettability on acrylic resin and Co-Cr alloy was determined by contact angle. Results: The viscosity values of HA dissolved in DDW were decreased in order of HA, HA containing lysozyme, HA containing peroxidase, and HA containing lysozyme and peroxidase. The viscosity values for HA in DDW were decreased as the concentration of lysozyme and/or peroxidase increased. However, the viscosity values for HA in SSB showed no significant changes according to the concentration of lysozyme and/or peroxidase. The viscosity values of HA solutions were inversely proportional to ionic strength and pH. The contact angle of HA solutions showed no significant differences according to tested surface materials, addition of lysozyme and/or peroxidase, and different ionic strength and pH conditions. Contact angles on acrylic resin by HA solutions in all tested conditions were much higher than those by human saliva. Conclusions: The rheological properties of HA supplemented with lysozyme and/or peroxidase in different ionic strength and pH conditions were objectively confirmed, indicating the possibility of HA with lysozyme and/or peroxidase as main components in the development of effective saliva substitutes.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.301-312
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• 2020

In disease diagnostics and health surveillance, the use of saliva has potential because its collection is convenient and noninvasive. Over the past two decades, the development of salivary utilization for the early detection of cancer, especially oral cavity and oropharynx cancer has gained the interest of the researcher and clinician. Until recently, the oral cavity and oropharynx cancers are still having a five-year survival rate of 62%, one of the lowest in all major human cancers. More than 90% of oral cancers are oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Despite the ease of accessing the oral cavity in clinical examination, most OSCC lesions are not diagnosed in the early stage, which is suggested to be the main cause of the low survival rate. Many studies have been performed and reported more than 100 potential saliva biomarkers for OSCC. However, there are still obstacles in figuring out the reliable OSCC salivary biomarkers and the clinical application of the early diagnosis protocol. The current review article discusses the emerging issues and is hoped to raise awareness of this topic in both researchers and clinicians. We also suggested the potential salivary biomarkers that are reliable, specific, and sensitive for the early detection of OSCC.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.277-284
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• 1998

For the purpose of comparing the shear bond strengths of pit and fissure sealants, and finding out the more efficient method of tooth surface treatment when the etched surface is contaminaed by saliva or moisture, an experiment was performed on 3 types of pit and fissure sealants. 120 extracted human molars were divided into 3 groups, each of which was composed of 40 specimens sealed with Helioseal, Teethmate-F and Fuji III respectively. And each groups was again divided into 4 subgroups according to tooth surface treatment. The shear bond strengths of each groups and subgroup was measured and statistically analyzed. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Shear bond strengths of nonfluoridated resin sealant, Helioseal were shown to be higher than those of fluoridated resin sealant, Teethmate-F, but, not significantly different. 2. Shear bond strengths of GI sealant, Fuji III were to be markedly lower than those of two resin sealants. 3. When there is moisture contamination, applying primer under sealant(Group IV) results in a significantly stronger bond strength of sealant to enamel than when using sealant alone(Group II) in case of all sealants. 4. When there is no moisture contamination, using primer under sealant (Group III) results in bond strength equivalent to bond strength on using sealant alone (Group I). 5. Based on the results above, it was demonstrated that the bond of sealant to tooth surface is greatly affected by saliva contamination and that the complete tooth isolation method should be fully emphasized. The application of primer is recommended when performing sealant under the environment very susceptible to saliva contamination.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.32 no.4 s.93
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• pp.293-300
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of hydrophilic primer, which claim to retain adequate bond strength on moistened enamel resulting from moisture or saliva contamination, by comparing the shear bond strength and adhesive failure patterns of brackets bonded using hydrophilic primer and conventional hydrophobic primer. Brackets were bonded to human premolars embedded in metal cylinders utilizing light cured adhesive, primed with either a hydrophilic primer(Transbond fm primer) or a conventional hydrophobic primer(Transbond XT primer). Each sample was exposed to varying degrees of artificial saliva contamination during the priming process. The shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine, and the adhesive failure patterns after debonding were visually examined by strereomicroscope and assessed using the adhesive remnant index(ARI). The results were as follows 1. In dry conditions, no significant differences in shear bond strength between Transbond W and Transbond XT primers were found. 2. Transbond MIP primer exhibited a significantly higher shear bond strength than Transbond XT primer in saliva-contaminated conditions, regardless of the degree of contamination. 3. When contaminated with one coat of saliva, Transbond MIP primer did not exhibit significant differences in shear bond strength compared to the dry condition. When contaminated with two coats of saliva, Transbond MIP primer exhibited a singnificantly lower shear bond strength compared to the dry condition. 4. The adhesive remnant index of the adhesive failure pattern had a tendency to decrease, as the degree of saliva contamination increased. Bracket-adhesive interface failure was observed in more than half of the saliva contaminated samples utilizing Transbond MIP primer, whereas the bond failure sites of the Transbond XT primer samples occurred almost exclusively at the adhesive-enamel interface in saliva-contaminated conditions. The results of this study suggest that in cases where moisture control is difficult, Transbond MIP primer is an effective alternative to conventional hydrophobic primers.