• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.234-243
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• 2006

The recent rapid development of HCI and surveillance technologies has brought great interests in application systems to process faces. Much of research efforts in these systems has been primarily focused on such areas as face recognition, facial expression analysis and facial feature extraction. However, not many approaches have been reported toward face direction detection. This paper proposes a method to detect the direction of a face using a facial feature called facial triangle, which is formed by two eyebrows and the lower lip. Specifically, based on the single monocular view of the face, the proposed method introduces very simple formulas to estimate the horizontal or vertical rotation angle of the face. The horizontal rotation angle can be calculated by using a ratio between the areas of left and right facial triangles, while the vertical angle can be obtained from a ratio between the base and height of facial triangle. Experimental results showed that our method makes it possible to obtain the horizontal angle within an error tolerance of ${\pm}1.68^{\circ}$, and that it performs better as the magnitude of the vertical rotation angle increases.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.47-54
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• 2010

We propose a smart human-computer interface replacing conventional mouse interface. The interface is able to control cursor and command action with only hand performing without object. Four finger motions(left click, right click, hold, drag) for command action are enough to express all mouse function. Also we materialize cursor movement control using image processing. The measure what we use for inference is entropy of EMG signal, gaussian modeling and maximum likelihood estimation. In image processing for cursor control, we use color recognition to get the center point of finger tip from marker, and map the point onto cursor. Accuracy of finger movement inference is over 95% and cursor control works naturally without delay. we materialize whole system to check its performance and utility.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.115-122
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to suggest the improving plans about the system as searching an effective managing devices for NEIS with analysis of managing condition. For the plans, questionnaire was performed in the five sections to primary and secondary school teachers. Those were recognition about C/S, Introduction and conductive processing of NEIS, Satisfaction of specific task on school affairs and educational matters, its function, efficiency and security as well as technical problem. Those were recognition about C/S, Introduction and conductive processing of NEIS, Satisfaction of specific task on school affairs and educational matters, its function, efficiency and security as well as technical problem. The results are following: First. in spite of satisfaction with function of C/S, it have been some problems such as frequent patch and down of server. Secondly, although the introduction of NEIS was done in hurry without gathering teachers' opinions and sufficient research of system, it has been expected to settle down normally with correction and security. Thirdly, positive reaction was generally showed in research on satisfaction of specific task for school affairs and educational matters. Fourthly, most of teachers have known the functions of NEIS and recognized its convenience. Although they has not thought it reduced their work, they have realized it's convenient for dealing with statistics. Lastly, they think of NEIS as the essential system for the age of information, in spite of problems such as reveal of personal data and security. Therefore, we should keep eyes to problem of an invasion of human right. In addition, study deep into NEIS should be conducted with consistent security for the system. In order to it. technical and legal system should be carried out side by side.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.317-324
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• 2008

This study was performed in order to investigate perceptions on environment and environment-friendly agricultural products, knowledge level and opinion about these products. The subjects were 387 college students in Seoul and Incheon area. This survey was conducted by self-administered questionnaire. The statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS 12.0 program. Male subjects were 53.2% and female subjects were 46.8%. 52.9% of the subjects have knowledge about environment-friendly agricultural products. Also 50.9% of the subjects knew certification label of environment-friendly agricultural products whereas 13.4% knew certification authority of environment-friendly agricultural products. The average scores of 'image of environment-friendly agricultural products', 'attitude towards environment', 'attitude towards agrichemical' were $3.84{\pm}0.68,\;3.51{\pm}0.73\;and\;3.58{\pm}0.87$, respectively. In regard to 'image of environment- friendly agricultural products', the scores were significantly affected by gender (p<0.05), self-recognition of health status (p<0.05) and self-knowledge about environment-friendly agricultural products (p<0.001). In regard to 'attitude towards environment', the scores were significantly affected by self-recognition of health status (p<0.05), self-knowledge about environment-friendly agricultural products (p<0.001), and information about environment friendly agricultural products certificate authority (p<0.01). In regard to 'attitude towards agrichemical', the scores were significantly affected by gender (p<0.001), self-recognition of health status (p<0.05), supplements for health (p<0.05) and self-knowledge about environment-friendly agricultural products (p<0.001). Therefore, various education programs on environment-friendly agricultural products are necessary for college students to make right food choices.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.50
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• pp.201-234
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• 2016

This thesis examined interpreting methodology of Do Won Lew Seung Kug(1923~2011) is based on the principle of Juhng-yaug. His lifelong academic aim was searching for the theory that enables global community to co-exist peacefully through humanitarianism that leads to reconciliation and mutual benefits. The research of the history of Korean thoughts provided him with the clue for his theory. According to Do Won, Korean thoughts pursue the Juhng-yaug's value of 'Yin and Yang accordance' rather than the I-Ching's value of 'suppress Yin and elevate Yang'. He furthermore asserts the concept of the middle (中), which harmonizes the two extremes by human beings as main agents, has been consistently observed from the action of divination during the ancient period through Juhng-yaug in the late 19th century. Do Won identifies 'human maturity that integrates the extremely conflicting insistences and values and seeks to be reconciled' as the basic character of Korean thoughts. He explains 'Hongikingan[弘益人間, becoming beneficial to the human world] is the idea that embraces the conflicting values symbolized by heaven and the earth. He also illuminates that Choe Chi Won(崔致遠)'s created Poongliu Do by integrating heterogeneity among Confucianism, Buddhim, and Daoism and it was attainable through the various works of mature human beings. Both Toe Gye' s philosophy of Ingeuk(人極, the Great Ultimate of Person) and the concept of Innaecheon(人乃天, Human Being right is Heaven) of Donghak are excellent examples of Humanitarianism that sublate two extremes. In Korea, the prototype of this thought has penetrated its entire history in the various circumstances of the period. The grand finale is Juhng-yaug of which the pursued values are 'Yin and Yang accordance' and mature humanitarianism revealed by the thoughts of the Person of the Central Ultimate (皇極人,至人) and Central Ultimate (皇極). Therefore, Humanitarianism in Korean thoughts clearly makes its appearance by the time of Juhng-yaug and it functions as a keyword to illuminate the entire history of Korean thoughts in reverse.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.246-267
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• 1995

Recently the request of the patients to participate in the medical courses has been expanding due to the elevated sense of right on the people's health, merchandised medical treatment by mass supply, human right declaration of the patients, generalized medical informations by the mass media and the change of human relation between the medical personnels and the patients. Under these phenomena the patients have been in the thought of solving such accidents only by regulation of the laws which they think to be all powerful, Such trends are same in the area of nursing service. Also today the accident by the nurses have been increasing by the area of the nurses having been expanded and their independent roles having been increased. Such nursing accidents are the important subject which the professional occupation of the nurse has been facing but legal protective capability of the nurses has been very weak. Therefore this study has examined the degree of the experience of the nursing accident that happens in the clinical nursing scenes in the general hospital to provide the basic materials for the protection and the counter measures of the nursing accident. The following is the conclusion based by the above examination. 1) The experience degree of the whole nursing accidents has been appeared as 1.90 in average. And the degree according to service area has been 1.77 in the area of supervising management of patients, 1.54 in the area of the same management of patients by head-nurses, 1.84 in the area of doctors' treatment performances, 14 in the enforcement and education areas of the nursing technology, 2.04 in the area of observing patients and judgement and 2.07 in the area of nursing records and maintaining confidentials. Accordingly there has been higher degree of accidental experiences in the independent service areas of the patients than in the dependent ones directed by the doctors. 2) The perception of the nurses showed that the cause of the nursing accident has been due to the heavy work of the nurses with the 60.4% of the response rate, the highest rate. They report the accident to the head nurse first by 2/3 nurses after accident. And the hour of the accident has been frequently happened regardless of service hours with 48.1% in response rate, the highest rate, and the nursing accident happens in the night more than the daytime with the rate of 37.5% at night while 14. 4% daytime. 3) The nurses are in the perception that the patients are responsible for the accident with 48.2% response rate while 43.9% rate in response showed that it has been caused by many people. They are in the perception that 41.7% when the nursing power was lacking, 46.7% lower recognition of actual state about indivitual patient in the section of technical speciality and 35.8% when the patients were not cooperative and 37.8% when the wards were dirty and in disorder. 4) the attitude of the patients after the various nursing accidents has been violent words in 72.7%, violence in 17.4% and 3.9% in attending the court by the sue of the patient's side(18 nurses). 5) The action of the hospital has been : requesting the submission of the story of the accident in 22.8%, the report of the accidents in 14.4%, thus the written statement disposal was most, 4.5% was the transfer to the other departments when the accident was larger or the patients' guardians protested strongly and 0.6% of the dismissals of the nurses. 6) In regard to the responsiblity of the nurse accidents, 78.9% was the highest rate of supplying the nursing manpowers, 48.4% of mutual cooperation of the medical personnels, 37.2% of strengthening the education for the nurses and hospital facilities reformation in 32.7%. 7) The review of relation between the general characters of the object of the study and the degree of experience of nursing accidents showed the significant differences in ages (F=4.04, p=0.000).

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.241-250
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• 2010

The purpose of this study, which was processed from March $22^{nd}$ to April $9^{th}$ of 2010, was to figure out recognition, well-formed instructions, and Practical application about dental hygiene devices based on the dental health characteristics of 350 adults who dwell in Busan and Gyeongnam regions. Also, this study recommended the adults to use dental hygiene devices and provided such devices to help individuals take care of their dental health at home. The collected data was statistically processed with a statistics SPSS (Statistical Packages for Social Science 14.0. SPSS Inc. USA) program. First of all, in order to demonstrate the characteristics of the sample population statistics and that of the descriptive data, frequency analysis was performed and to find out the relationship between variations of the dental health, Chi-squared test through Crosstabs was operated. According to the study, recognition and Practical application of dental hygiene devices were very low. Therefore, public announcement about necessity and effectiveness of such devices should be reinforced nationwide and instructions on choosing the right device and using of the dental hygiene devices based on patients' conditions by dental hygienic human efforts gathered from dental health organization should be carried out.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.64-71
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• 2020

Safety is not a service provided selectively by the country, and it is a basic right that human beings should enjoy. However, as the recent expansion of outsourcing due to the efficient corporate management, fatal accidents such as the Taean Power Plant where subcontractors are pinched on conveyors continued to occur. In addition, public safety concerns have been widespread as there are constant safety-related accidents in public institutions such as KTX trains derailing. As public institutions require safety as a top priority for management rather than profit, the government needs a leading role to enhance the level of private safety activities. The government announced the "Measures to strengthen the workplace safety of public institutions" and is promoting measures to protect the lives and safety of the people. The purpose of this study was to in-depth analysis of the accident and death situation in public institutions in the last 5 years from 2014 to 2018. A recognition survey was also conducted and the results were analyzed. As a result of the analysis of industrial accident death, it showed that the number of industrial accident deaths in public institutions was about 50 people per year, and it occupied about 6.1% of all industrial accidents. Following the government's public policy measures, positive changes as a result of the survey on awareness were detected in the order of rising safety awareness and participation of management (56.9%), safety and health organization and personnel composition (37.9%), and increasing safety awareness and participation of members (18.9%). However, the obstacles to the implementation of government measures were followings; 1) consciousness and lack of participation (42.1%), 2) indifference from other departments (35.1%), 3) absence, or lack of competency of safety manager (33.3%). In addition, safety investments and safety management of contractors and ordering works were analyzed to have remained largely unchanged even after the implementation of safety measures. Through this study, it is intended to provide basic data for strengthening the level and activities of safety in public institutions.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.227-236
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• 2007

Ubiquitous systems have grown explosively over the few years. Nowadays users' needs for high qualify service lead a various type of user terminals. One of various type of user interface, various types of effective human computer interface methods have been developed. In many researches, researchers have focused on using brain-wave interface, that is to say, BCI. Nowadays, researches which are related to BCI are under way to find out effective methods. But, most researches which are related to BCI are not centralized and not systematic. These problems brought about ineffective results of researches. In most researches related in HCI, that is to say - pattern recognition, the most important foundation of the research is to build correct and sufficient DB. But there is no effective and reliable standard research conditions when researchers are gathering brain-wave in BCI. Subjects as well as researchers do not know effective methods for gathering DB. Researchers do not know how to instruct subjects and subjects also do not know how to follow researchers' instruction. To solve these kinds of problems, we propose effective brain-wave DB building system using the five senses stimulation. Researcher instructs the subject to use the five senses. Subjects imagine the instructed senses. It is also possible for researchers to distinguish whether brain-wave is right or not. In real time, researches verify gathered brain-wane data using spectrogram. To verify effectiveness of our proposed system, we analyze the spectrogram of gathered brain-wave DB and pattern. On the basis of spectrogram and pattern analysis, we propose an effective brain-wave DB building method using the five senses stimulation.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.37
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• pp.75-142
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• 2013

This Study is to propose the archival description in accordance with the paradigm shift of the archival science. The academic world of archival science in North America treated the electric record in 1990 and the authenticity of electric record in the beginning of 2000, the flow of Study recognizing the microscopic and the cultural discussion appeared recently. This may be called the paradigm shift of archival science. This may be according to the influence of the informatization and the technology. However, the community archives, the everyday life archives recognizing the microscopic and the cultural discussion, etc. Namely, the everyday life, the village, the community archives are the effort to leave the excluded and the neglected voices from the existing discussion of archival science on record. However, the currently existing methodology to archive the community archives based on the perception of these switched recognition is limited. Especially the description of the various standards being used in the public territory is being adapted as it is. The characteristic and the individuality of the community and the community archive cannot be reflected through the archival description standard. We should understand the community archive in accordance with the paradigm shift, need the archival description method capable of expressing this suitably. The post-standard not the existing archival description method has been necessary. This should be carried out together in accordance with the view point of the paradigm shift and the view point of the objective and the direction of community. Hence, first the archival description and the paradigm shift have been examined theoretically and the archival description of community archive being operated currently has been analyzed. The archival description is to be proposed in accordance with the paradigm shift capable of calling 'the archival description of Korean Human Right' by pointing out the limit of archival description standard through the analysis and further by investigating the archival description of the fraternity archive project.