• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2643-2646
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• 2012

Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the major etiological agent of cervical cancer, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. Screening strategies for reducing the burden of HPV-mediated carcinogenesis are emerging as an effective means for cervical cancer control and prevention in developing countries. Our study, therefore, aimed to identify HPV infection status in North Indian women during random population screening. Methodology: Cervical/vaginal exfoliated cells and/or Pap smear specimens were collected from 890 women of North Indian ethnicity residing in Lucknow and adjoining areas, during random population screening from June 2009-March 2012. HPV viral loads in clinical specimens were determined by the Hybrid Capture (hc)-2 HPV DNA assay, and subsequently, positive/negative/borderline HPV status was calculated. Results: The HPV incidence in the present study was 11.7%. 751 out of a total of 890 women (84.4%) participating in our HPV screening program were HPV negative (HPV -), 104 (11.7%) tested positive (HPV +) while 35 (3.9%) showed borderline (HPV $^*$) infection status. Furthermore, in the HPV + subjects (N=104), 18 (17.3%) showed strong positivity. We observed that HPV positivity tends to increase with age in North Indian women; the higher the viral load with increasing age, higher is the susceptibility to HPV-mediated cervical cancer. Conclusions: HPV viral load/genotyping may help in identifying women at risk of developing cervical cancer. However, cost-effective HPV screening protocols with a wider population coverage are warranted so as to reduce the burden of cervical cancer in women worldwide in the vaccine-era.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.21
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• pp.9361-9365
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• 2014

Background: To estimate the pre-vaccination distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) types among women from urban Tunis. Materials and Methods: A total of 611 women aged 18-69 years were enrolled in three local gynaecological outpatient departments. All underwent a gynaecological examination with Pap test and dry swab for HPV detection and typing performed by linear array genotyping test (Roche). Cytological examination was conducted on conventional Pap smears. Results: HPV DNA was found in 6.5% of the women; the most frequent HPV types were HPV 16 and HPV 11 at 3.27% and 1.96%, respectively. The second most frequent high risk (HR) HPV type was HPV 58 (0.82%) followed by HPV 18, HPV 31 and HPV 33 found in only 0.33% of women. Single infections with HPV types, targeted by the quadrivalent vaccine (6, 11, 16, and 18), were detected in 3.6 % of the study patients (55% of positive women). HPV infection was found in 3.83% of women with normal cytology and in 47.4% of women with cytological abnormalities. No statistically significant trend in prevalence by age group emerged for any HPV type or for high or low risk types. Conclusions: These data show a relatively low prevalence of HPV infection in women from urban Tunis with a high proportion of HPV16 and HPV58. This should be considered in the upcoming screening programs and vaccination strategy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.13
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• pp.5153-5158
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• 2015

Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is an essential cause of cervical cancer. Because of substantial geographical variation in the HPV genotype distribution, data regarding HPV type-specific prevalence for a particular country are mandatory for providing baseline information to estimate effectiveness of currently implemented HPV-based cervical cancer prevention. Accordingly, this review was conducted to evaluate the HR-HPV genotype distribution among Thai women with precancerous cervical lesions i.e. cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2-3 (CIN 2-3), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), and invasive cervical cancer by reviewing the available literature. The prevalence of HR-HPV infection among Thai women with CIN 2-3 ranged from 64.8% to 90.1% and the three most common genotypes were HPV 16 (38.5%), HPV 58 (20.0%), and HPV 18 (5.5%). There were high squamous cell carcinoma/CIN 2-3 prevalence ratios in women with CIN 2-3 infected with HPV 33 and HPV 58 (1.40 and 1.38, respectively), emphasizing the importance of these subtypes in the risk of progression to invasive cancer among Thai women. Data regarding the prevalence and genotype distribution of HR-HPV in Thai women with AIS remain unavailable. Interesting findings about the distribution of HPV genotype in cervical cancer among Thai women include: (1) a relatively high prevalence of HPV 52 and HPV 58 in invasive squamous cell carcinoma; (2) the prevalence of HPV 18-related adenocarcinoma is almost double thepreviously reported prevalence, and (3) 75% of neuroendocrine carcinomas are HPV18-positive when taking into account both single and multiple infections.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.891-896
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• 2012

This study focused on infection rates and subtypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and the relationship between HPV status and prognosis of the disease. We evaluated sixty-six OSCC patients who met the enrollment criteria during the period from January 1999 to December 2009. The presence or absence of oncogenic HPV types in tumors was determined using the SPF10 LiPA25 assay. Overall survival (OS) and disease specific survival (DSS) for HPV positive and HPV negative patients were estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. The Cox regression model was applied for multivariate analysis. HPV-DNA was detected in 11(16.7%) of all specimens. Among them, 7 were type HPV-16, while other types were HPV-16/11, HPV-35, HPV-58/52, and HPV-33/52/54. Patients with HPV positive tumors were more likely to be female, non-smokers and non-drinkers (p=0.002, 0.001 and 0.001, respectively). After a median follow-up of 24.5 months, patients with HPV positive tumors had significantly better overall survival (HR=0.106[95%CI=0.014-0.787], p=0.016,) and disease specific survival (HR=0.121[95%CI=0.016-0.906], p=0.030). Patients with HPV positive OSCC have significantly better prognosis than patients with HPV negative tumors. HPV infection is an independent prognostic factor.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing mothers' intention to vaccinate their elementary-school sons against human papillomavirus (HPV). Methods: The participants were 151 mothers of fourth- to sixth-grade boys at three elementary schools in Daejeon, Korea. The data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 25.0. Descriptive statistics, the independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, the Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis were used. Results: The mothers' score for intention to vaccinate their sons against HPV was 5.04 out of 7. Self-efficacy (β=.60, p<.001) and subjective norms towards HPV vaccination (β=.30, p<.001) were significant factors influencing mothers' intention to vaccinate their elementary-school sons against HPV. These factors accounted for 81.0% of HPV vaccination intention among mothers (F=160.84, p<.001). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that to increase the HPV vaccination rate for elementary-school boys, it is necessary to develop intervention strategies to improve mothers' self-efficacy and subjective norms towards HPV vaccination and to verify the effects of those strategies. This research provides a foundation for designing interventions to increase the HPV vaccination rate of elementary-school boys.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.239-248
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships among knowledge, cancer information seeking behavior, and Willingness for education about Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among school teachers. Methods: The subjects were 135 teachers who had were working in the middle or high school in Korea. Data were collected by a self-report questionnaire, 2011. Data were analyzed by using the SPSS WIN 18.0 program. Results: There was a positive relationship between information seeking behavior and Willingness for education about HPV vaccination. There were differences in Willingness for education according to necessity of HPV vaccination for premarital women above 16-year old and marital women below 45-year old, and necessity of education for students. The Willingness for education were predicted by information seeking behavior, groups who HPV vaccination is necessary to premarital women above 16-year old, and HPV vaccination education for student is necessary. These variables explained 25.0% of the variance of the Willingness for education about HPV vaccination. Conclusion: The Willingness for education about HPV vaccination among middle or high school teachers could be improved by the emphasis of the preception that HPV vaccination is necessary to middle or high school students and is related to the prevention of cervical cancer.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.105-114
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• 2014

Purpose: The goal of this study was to examine knowledge level of human papillomavirus (HPV), cervical cancer, and vaccination status among Korean mothers' with a daughter in high school. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with a convenience sample of 234 Korean mothers. Results: The mean score of HPV knowledge level was 4.21 out of 20, and cervical cancer knowledge was 3.88 out of 7. There were low levels of daughters' who received HPV vaccination (3.8%) and high levels of mothers' intention to get their daughters' vaccinated with HPV (85.0%). The major barrier to HPV vaccination was the concern for side effect from the vaccination. The most effective recommendation for HPV vaccination came from health care providers. Conclusion: HPV educational programs targeting mothers of daughters in high school is needed. Future studies need to determine actual HPV vaccination rates and factors related to high uptake using a larger sample from various socioeconomic background.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2619-2623
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• 2012

The prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes differs in various target organs. HPV16 is the most prevalent genotype in the cervix while genotypes 6 and 11 are highly prevalent in skin and aero-digestive tract infections. In this study HPV11 positive specimens were selected from cervix, larynx and lung biopsy tissue to analyze the whole genome by PCR and direct sequencing. Five HPV11 whole genomes were characterized, consisting of two cervical specimens, two laryngeal specimens and one lung specimen. The results showed high homology of HPV11 in these organs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all HPV11 derived from various organs belonged to the same lineage. Molecular characterization and functional studies can further our understanding of virulence, expression or transmission. Additional studies on functional protein expression at different organ sites will also contribute to our knowledge of HPV infection in various organs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.16
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• pp.6887-6892
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• 2014

The oncogenic role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in triggering cervical cancer, the second most common cancer in women worldwide, is well established. Romania ranks in first place in Europe in terms of the incidence of cervical cancer. Geographical widespread data on HPV type-distribution are essential for estimating the impact of HPV vaccines and cervical cancer screening programmes. In this study we aimed to identify the prevalence of HPV genotypes and to establish correlations with abnormal cervical cytology among the female population of Brasov County, Romania. A total of 1,000 women aged 17.3-57 years, attending routine cervical examination in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Brasov, Romania, and undergoing both cytological examination and HPV genotyping were screened. Infection with 35 different HPV genotypes was detected in 39.6% of cytological specimens. Overall HPV infections were highest in young women under 25 years (p<0.0001), in which cervical cytological abnormalities also reached the highest prevalence. Patients infected by HPV-16 or HPV-18 showed the highest prevalence of cervical cytological abnormalities. Some 48.2% of women with abnormal cytology were infected with high-risk HPV types whereas less than 3% of them were infected only with low-risk HPV types. Our study showed that the prevalence of high-risk HPV infection among Romanian women is higher compared to other studies in other geographic areas. Thus, we consider that in areas where there is an increased prevalence of high-risk HPV infections, HPV genotyping should be performed in all women aged between 18 and 45 years, and Pap test should be performed every 6 months in women with high-risk HPV infection, even those with previous normal cervical cytology.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1519-1524
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• 2012

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer. Limited epidemiologic data of HPV prevalence are available for women attending hospitals in southern China. This study aimed to evaluate the profiles of HPV infection and cytology status in gynecological outpatients in Chaozhou City. Methods: A total of 2833 eligible women were enrolled. The HPV GenoArray test was used for HPV detection and genotyping. Nearly one half of the HPV positive women received liquid-based cytology test. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the predictable effects of age and genotype for categories of abnormal cytology. Results: The prevalence of overall, high-risk, and low-risk HPV infection were 24.5%, 19.5% and 8.4%, respectively. A U-shaped age-specific prevalence curve was observed in overall HPV and high-risk HPV, but not in low-risk HPV, which declined with age increasing. The 6 most common high-risk HPV type in descending order, were types 52, 16, 58, 18, 68, and 33. Age and HPV genotype were both important determinants of abnormal cytology incidence, the older women (>45 years) and those infected with HPV type 16 and/or 18 having the highest risk for abnormal cytology. Conclusion: Our findings support the hypothesis that second-generation HPV prophylactic vaccines including HPV-52 and -58 may offer higher protection for women residing in Chaozhou and neighboring cities in Guangdong.